Grammar parses for passage 9.2.4
Open translation for this passage
ἐγὼ δὲ ἄνευ θεοῦ πείθομαι νόσον λύσσαν τοῦ Ἀκταίωνος ἐπιλαβεῖν τοὺς κύνας· μανέντες δὲ καὶ οὐ διαγινώσκοντες διαφορήσειν ἔμελλον πάντα τινὰ ὅτῳ περιτύχοιεν.
The first clause has πείθομαι governing an articular infinitival construction: νόσον λύσσαν is the accusative subject of ἐπιλαβεῖν, with τοὺς κύνας as its object. In the second clause μανέντες and διαγινώσκοντες are coordinated participles predicated of the dogs; ἔμελλον takes διαφορήσειν, while ὅτῳ περιτύχοιεν is a relative dative construction referring to whoever they encountered.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | Pp1ns | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 5 πείθομαι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 πείθομαι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄνευ | ἄνευ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 θεοῦ | case | high | |
| 4 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πείθομαι | obl | high | |
| 5 | πείθομαι | πείθω | VERB | V1SPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle voice here means ‘I am persuaded’. |
| 6 | νόσον | νόσος | NOUN | N-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπιλαβεῖν | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 7 | λύσσαν | λύσσα | NOUN | N-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 νόσον | appos | high | Appositional specification of νόσον. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---GM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Ἀκταίωνος | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἀκταίωνος | Ἀκταίων | PROPN | Ne----G-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 λύσσαν | nmod | high | |
| 10 | ἐπιλαβεῖν | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 πείθομαι | xcomp | high | |
| 11 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S---AM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 κύνας | det | high | |
| 12 | κύνας | κύων | NOUN | N---AM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐπιλαβεῖν | obj | high | |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 πείθομαι | punct | high | |
| 14 | μανέντες | μαίνομαι | VERB | V-APPMP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 20 ἔμελλον | advcl | high | Aorist passive-form participle with middle/intransitive meaning ‘having gone mad’. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἔμελλον | cc | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 διαγινώσκοντες | cc | high | |
| 17 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 18 διαγινώσκοντες | advmod | high | |
| 18 | διαγινώσκοντες | διαγιγνώσκω | VERB | V-PAPMP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 μανέντες | conj | high | Coordinated participle, sharing the implied subject κύνας. |
| 19 | διαφορήσειν | διαφθείρω | VERB | V-FAI--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 20 ἔμελλον | xcomp | high | Future infinitive dependent on ἔμελλον. |
| 20 | ἔμελλον | μέλλω | VERB | V1IAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 5 πείθομαι | parataxis | medium | New coordinated main clause after the punctuation; syntactically independent from πείθομαι. |
| 21 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A---AM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 διαφορήσειν | obj | medium | Substantivized masculine accusative singular, ‘everyone/every person’. |
| 22 | τινὰ | τις | PRON | P---AM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 21 πάντα | det | medium | Indefinite modifier of substantivized πάντα; the phrase means ‘anyone/every person encountered’. |
| 23 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | P---DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 24 περιτύχοιεν | obl | medium | Relative dative, ‘whomever’; dative governed by περιτυγχάνω. |
| 24 | περιτύχοιεν | περιτυγχάνω | VERB | V-2AAO3P- | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 22 τινὰ | acl:relcl | medium | Optative in a relative clause; subject is understood as the dogs. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἔμελλον | punct | high |
καθότι δὲ τοῦ Κιθαιρῶνος Πενθεῖ τῷ Ἐχίονος ἐγένετο ἡ συμφορὰ ἢ Οἰδίποδα ὅπῃ τεχθέντα ἐξέθεσαν, οἶδεν οὐδείς,
The sentence has an indirect-question structure: οἶδεν governs the content clause introduced by καθότι, with an embedded alternative/question coordinated by ἢ; τοῦ Κιθαιρῶνος is a genitive of source/association with Πενθεῖ, and τεχθέντα agrees with Οἰδίποδα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καθότι | καθότι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 οἶδεν | mark | medium | Introduces the content clause dependent on οἶδεν; can also be read as an interrogative connective. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Κιθαιρῶνος | det | high | |
| 4 | Κιθαιρῶνος | Κιθαιρών | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐγένετο | obl | medium | Genitive associated with the occurrence of the misfortune, likely source/location-related. |
| 5 | Πενθεῖ | Πενθεύς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐγένετο | iobj | medium | Dative of personal reference/association: the misfortune befell Pentheus. |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Πενθεῖ | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἐχίονος | Ἐχίων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Πενθεῖ | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive modifying Πενθεῖ. |
| 8 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 17 οἶδεν | ccomp | high | Finite verb of the content clause. |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 συμφορὰ | det | high | |
| 10 | συμφορὰ | συμφορά | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 11 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἐξέθεσαν | cc | medium | Coordinates the alternative Οἰδίποδα clause/question with the preceding content. |
| 12 | Οἰδίποδα | Οἰδίπους | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐξέθεσαν | obj | medium | Accusative object of ἐξέθεσαν; also the understood subject of τεχθέντα. |
| 13 | ὅπῃ | ὅπῃ | ADV | ADV | _ | 15 ἐξέθεσαν | advmod | medium | Adverbial/interrogative-relative expression, roughly ‘where/how’. |
| 14 | τεχθέντα | τίκτω | VERB | V-APP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 12 Οἰδίποδα | acl | high | Aorist passive participle agreeing with Οἰδίποδα. |
| 15 | ἐξέθεσαν | ἐκτίθημι | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 17 οἶδεν | ccomp | medium | Finite verb in the coordinated alternative content/question; subject is implicit ‘they’. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 οἶδεν | punct | high | |
| 17 | οἶδεν | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate, with perfect-form present meaning ‘knows’. |
| 18 | οὐδείς | οὐδείς | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 17 οἶδεν | nsubj | high | Subject of οἶδεν. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 οἶδεν | punct | high |
καθάπερ γε ἴσμεν τὴν Σχιστὴν ὁδὸν τὴν ἐπὶ Φωκέων, ἐφʼ ᾗ τὸν πατέρα Οἰδίπους ἀπέκτεινεν,
The relative clause ἐφʼ ᾗ ... ἀπέκτεινεν modifies ὁδόν; ᾗ is a locative/relation dative governed semantically by ἐπί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καθάπερ | καθάπερ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 3 ἴσμεν | mark | high | Comparative/subordinating conjunction introducing the clause. |
| 2 | γε | γε | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἴσμεν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 3 | ἴσμεν | οἶδα | VERB | V-1PPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect-form verb with present meaning, ‘we know’. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RAFS4S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ὁδὸν | det | high | |
| 5 | Σχιστὴν | σχιστός | ADJ | A-F4S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ὁδὸν | amod | high | Substantivally identifying the road as the Split/Riven road. |
| 6 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἴσμεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἴσμεν. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RAFS4S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπὶ | det | high | Article in the attributive prepositional phrase. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 6 ὁδὸν | nmod | high | Introduces a further specification of ὁδόν. |
| 9 | Φωκέων | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπὶ | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐπί; ethnic place-name. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἴσμεν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 12 ᾗ | case | high | Crase/ elision spelling of ἐφ’ before the relative pronoun. |
| 12 | ᾗ | ὅς | PRON | RR-FDS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀπέκτεινεν | obl | high | Relative pronoun, dative of place or relation, referring to ὁδόν. |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RASM4S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 πατέρα | det | high | |
| 14 | πατέρα | πατήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀπέκτεινεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀπέκτεινεν. |
| 15 | Οἰδίπους | Οἰδίπους | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀπέκτεινεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπέκτεινεν. |
| 16 | ἀπέκτεινεν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-3IAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 3 ἴσμεν | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause modifying ὁδόν; augment and imperfect form. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἴσμεν | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ Κιθαιρὼν τὸ ὄρος Διὸς ἱερὸν Κιθαιρωνίου ἐστίν ἃ δὴ καὶ ἐς πλέον ἐπέξειμι, ἐπειδὰν ἐς αὐτὰ ὁ λόγος καθήκῃ μοι.
Main clause: Κιθαιρὼν ... ἐστίν, with τὸ ὄρος as predicate nominative and Διὸς Κιθαιρωνίου as genitive dependent on ἱερόν. Relative ἃ resumes the preceding proposition (or its content) and is the object of ἐπέξειμι; ἐπειδὰν introduces a temporal subjunctive clause, with λόγος as subject and μοι as ethical dative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Κιθαιρὼν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἐστίν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Κιθαιρὼν | Κιθαιρών | PROPN | N--NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστίν | nsubj | high | Mountain name. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ὄρος | det | high | |
| 5 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | N--NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστίν | pred | medium | Predicate nominative with ἐστίν; coordinated/copular identification with Κιθαιρών. |
| 6 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἱερόν. |
| 7 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | ADJ | A--NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ὄρος | amod | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘sacred [to]’; modifies ὄρος in the predicate phrase. |
| 8 | Κιθαιρωνίου | Κιθαιρώνιος | ADJ | A--GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Διὸς | amod | medium | Agrees with Διός and specifies the Cithaeronian aspect/title of Zeus. |
| 9 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | AUX | V--3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | P---NNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 15 ἐπέξειμι | obj | medium | Neuter plural relative form; broadly resumes the preceding statement/content. |
| 11 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 15 ἐπέξειμι | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D-------- | _ | 15 ἐπέξειμι | advmod | high | Adverbial ‘also/further’. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 πλέον | case | high | |
| 14 | πλέον | πολύς | ADV | A----NA | Degree=Cmp | 15 ἐπέξειμι | advmod | high | Comparative adverbial use, ‘at greater length’. |
| 15 | ἐπέξειμι | ἐπέξειμι | VERB | V--1SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἐστίν | conj | high | Coordinate/follow-up predicate linked to the main assertion. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐπέξειμι | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἐπειδὰν | ἐπειδάν | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 22 καθήκῃ | mark | high | Temporal subordinating conjunction with subjunctive. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 αὐτὰ | case | high | |
| 19 | αὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | P---ANA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 22 καθήκῃ | obl | medium | ‘Them/these matters’; object of ἐς in the idiom ἐς αὐτὰ καθήκειν. |
| 20 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 λόγος | det | high | |
| 21 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N--NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 καθήκῃ | nsubj | high | |
| 22 | καθήκῃ | καθήκω | VERB | V--3SASA | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 ἐπέξειμι | advcl | medium | Aorist subjunctive required by ἐπειδάν; spelling/form may reflect textual or orthographic variation. |
| 23 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P---DSM | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 22 καθήκῃ | iobj | high | Ethical/personal dative with καθήκῃ. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστίν | punct | high |