Grammar parses for passage 9.20.5
Open translation for this passage
ὁ δὲ ἕτερος λόγος ἀξιώματι μὲν ἀποδεῖ τοῦ προτέρου, πιθανώτερος δέ ἐστι.
The sentence has a coordinated subject λόγος with μέν/δέ: ὁ ἕτερος λόγος is subject of ἀποδεῖ (impersonal, ‘is lacking/falls short’), with τοῦ προτέρου as a genitive complement; πιθανώτερος is a predicative adjective with ἐστι. The exact sense and government of ἀποδεῖ are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 λόγος | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 λόγος | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἕτερος | ἕτερος | ADJ | A--NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 λόγος | amod | high | |
| 4 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N--NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀποδεῖ | nsubj | high | Subject of impersonal ἀποδεῖ; also understood with ἐστι. |
| 5 | ἀξιώματι | ἀξίωμα | NOUN | N--DSN--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀποδεῖ | obl | medium | Dative of respect/measure (‘in authority/merit’). |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἀποδεῖ | discourse | high | Correlative with δέ at token 12. |
| 7 | ἀποδεῖ | ἀποδέω | VERB | V--PIA3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | low | Form and exact lexical analysis are uncertain; treated as a finite impersonal predicate, possibly ‘falls short/is lacking’. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 προτέρου | det | high | |
| 9 | προτέρου | πρότερος | ADJ | A--GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀποδεῖ | obl | medium | Substantivized genitive, ‘the former/previous [one or argument]’; complement of ἀποδεῖ. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀποδεῖ | punct | high | |
| 11 | πιθανώτερος | πιθανός | ADJ | A--NSM-C- | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστι | xcomp | high | Predicative comparative adjective; subject is λόγος. |
| 12 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἐστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective, paired with μέν at token 6. |
| 13 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἀποδεῖ | conj | high | Finite copular predicate coordinated with the first predicate. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀποδεῖ | punct | high |
φησὶ γὰρ δὴ οὗτος, ὁπόσα ἐλαύνοιτο ἐπὶ θάλασσαν βοσκήματα, ὡς ἐλόχα τε ὁ Τρίτων καὶ ἥρπαζεν·
The finite φησὶ introduces reported content; οὗτος is its subject, with ὁπόσα βοσκήματα as the subject of the optative ἐλαύνοιτο and ὡς introducing the coordinated imperfect narrative. The exact force of ἐλόχα is somewhat uncertain, but it is treated as first-person singular imperfect active of λοχάω, coordinated with ἥρπαζεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φησὶ | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | D | _ | 1 φησὶ | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | D | _ | 1 φησὶ | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 φησὶ | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φησὶ | punct | high | |
| 6 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | DET | AP-NPN | _ | 7 ἐλαύνοιτο | mark | high | Introduces an indefinite relative/content clause; neuter plural agrees with βοσκήματα. |
| 7 | ἐλαύνοιτο | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V-PMO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 1 φησὶ | advcl | high | Potential/iterative optative in the reported clause. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 9 θάλασσαν | case | high | With accusative, directional. |
| 9 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐλαύνοιτο | obl | high | |
| 10 | βοσκήματα | βόσκημα | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἐλαύνοιτο | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φησὶ | punct | high | |
| 12 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C | _ | 13 ἐλόχα | mark | high | Introduces the narrated clause. |
| 13 | ἐλόχα | λοχάω | VERB | V-IAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 1 φησὶ | conj | low | Form and parsing are uncertain; treated as 1sg imperfect active, coordinated with ἥρπαζεν. |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 18 ἥρπαζεν | cc | high | Coordinates the two narrated verbs. |
| 15 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Τρίτων | det | high | |
| 16 | Τρίτων | Τρίτων | PROPN | NPR-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἥρπαζεν | nsubj | high | Proper name, nominative singular. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 18 ἥρπαζεν | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἥρπαζεν | ἁρπάζω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 13 ἐλόχα | conj | high | Coordinated with ἐλόχα; shares subject ὁ Τρίτων. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φησὶ | punct | high |
ἐπιχειρεῖν δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ τῶν πλοίων τοῖς λεπτοῖς, ἐς ὃ οἱ Ταναγραῖοι κρατῆρα οἴνου προτιθέασιν αὐτῷ.
The sentence is syntactically elliptical: the infinitive ἐπιχειρεῖν with accusative subject αὐτόν is embedded before the finite relative-clause verb προτιθέασιν; the dative λεπτοῖς is substantivized and its precise semantic relation is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπιχειρεῖν | ἐπιχειρέω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 προτιθέασιν | xcomp | medium | Articular infinitive construction understood as the subject/complement of προτιθέασιν; exact higher attachment is elliptical. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐπιχειρεῖν | cc | high | |
| 3 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 1 ἐπιχειρεῖν | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 λεπτοῖς | cc | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 πλοίων | det | high | |
| 6 | πλοίων | πλοῖον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 λεπτοῖς | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on λεπτοῖς, likely partitive or specifying the thin portions of ships. |
| 7 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 λεπτοῖς | det | high | |
| 8 | λεπτοῖς | λεπτός | ADJ | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἐπιχειρεῖν | obl | medium | Substantivized dative adjective, likely denoting thin parts; instrumental/locative force is context-dependent. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπιχειρεῖν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 ὃ | case | high | |
| 11 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | P-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 16 προτιθέασιν | obl | medium | Relative pronoun with εἰς; may introduce a temporal or result-like relative clause. |
| 12 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 Ταναγραῖοι | det | high | |
| 13 | Ταναγραῖοι | Ταναγραῖος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 προτιθέασιν | nsubj | high | Demonym used substantivally as the subject. |
| 14 | κρατῆρα | κρατήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 προτιθέασιν | obj | high | |
| 15 | οἴνου | οἶνος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 κρατῆρα | nmod | high | Contents genitive: a mixing bowl of wine. |
| 16 | προτιθέασιν | προτίθημι | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 16 προτιθέασιν | iobj | high | |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 προτιθέασιν | punct | high |
καὶ τὸν αὐτίκα ἔρχεσθαι λέγουσιν ὑπὸ τῆς ὀσμῆς, πιόντα δὲ ἐρρῖφθαι κατὰ τῆς ᾐόνος ὑπνωμένον,
Infinitival indirect discourse under λέγουσιν: the accusative subject τὸν refers to a male person understood from context; ἔρχεσθαι and ἐρρῖφθαι are coordinated reported infinitives, with πιόντα and ὑπνωμένον agreeing with that subject. The exact semantic scope of αὐτίκα is mildly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--- | _ | 5 λέγουσιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἔρχεσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 3 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 ἔρχεσθαι | advmod | medium | Temporal adverb; scope may extend over the reported event. |
| 4 | ἔρχεσθαι | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-PNM--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 5 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | First reported infinitive. |
| 5 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P----G-- | _ | 8 ὀσμῆς | case | high | |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA---GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ὀσμῆς | det | high | |
| 8 | ὀσμῆς | ὀσμή | NOUN | N----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἔρχεσθαι | obl | high | ὑπό with genitive expresses causal agency/source: 'by/from the smell'. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ὀσμῆς | punct | high | |
| 10 | πιόντα | πίνω | VERB | V-APA-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἐρρῖφθαι | advcl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with the accusative subject; temporal/sequential. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἐρρῖφθαι | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἐρρῖφθαι | ῥίπτω | VERB | V-RNM--- | Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 5 λέγουσιν | conj | high | Second coordinated reported infinitive; perfect passive. |
| 13 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P----G-- | _ | 15 ᾐόνος | case | high | |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA---GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ᾐόνος | det | high | |
| 15 | ᾐόνος | ᾐών | NOUN | N----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐρρῖφθαι | obl | high | κατά with genitive: down/along the shore. |
| 16 | ὑπνωμένον | ὑπνόω | VERB | V-RPP-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 12 ἐρρῖφθαι | advcl | medium | Perfect passive participle, agreeing with the accusative reported subject; resultative 'having been put to sleep/asleep'. Lemmatization is somewhat uncertain. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐρρῖφθαι | punct | high |
Ταναγραῖον δὲ ἄνδρα πελέκει παίσαντα ἀποκόψαι τὸν αὐχένα αὐτοῦ·
The sentence is an infinitival clause; ἄνδρα is the accusative subject of ἀποκόψαι, while παίσαντα is a co-referential accusative participle expressing the preceding action.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ταναγραῖον | Ταναγραῖος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἄνδρα | amod | high | Ethnic adjective used substantivally with ἄνδρα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἀποκόψαι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 παίσαντα | obj | high | Accusative subject of the complementary infinitive construction. |
| 4 | πελέκει | πέλεκυς | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 παίσαντα | obl | high | Instrumental dative: with/by an axe. |
| 5 | παίσαντα | παίω | VERB | V-APA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἀποκόψαι | advcl | high | Aorist participle agreeing with ἄνδρα. |
| 6 | ἀποκόψαι | ἀποκόπτω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist infinitive; likely continues an infinitival construction from preceding context. |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 αὐχένα | det | high | |
| 8 | αὐχένα | αὐχήν | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀποκόψαι | obj | high | Direct object of ἀποκόψαι. |
| 9 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 8 αὐχένα | nmod | high | Possessive genitive modifying αὐχένα. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀποκόψαι | punct | high |
καὶ διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἔπεστιν αὐτῷ κεφαλή.
The impersonal ἔπεστιν takes a dative possessor/experiencer αὐτῷ and nominative subject κεφαλή; διὰ τοῦτο is causal, with τοῦτο as the accusative object of διά.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἔπεστιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | διὰ | διά | ADP | _ | Case=Accusative | 3 τοῦτο | case | high | Causal διά with accusative. |
| 3 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 5 ἔπεστιν | obl | high | Demonstrative accusative functioning in the causal phrase διὰ τοῦτο. |
| 4 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | Polarity=Neg | 5 ἔπεστιν | advmod | high | |
| 5 | ἔπεστιν | ἔπειμι | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal use: ‘is present/attached’; governs dative αὐτῷ and nominative κεφαλή. |
| 6 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 ἔπεστιν | iobj | high | Dative possessor/experiencer with impersonal ἔπεστιν. |
| 7 | κεφαλή | κεφαλή | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 5 ἔπεστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔπεστιν | punct | high |
ὅτι δὲ μεθυσθέντα εἷλον, ἐπὶ τούτῳ ὑπὸ Διονύσου νομίζουσιν ἀποθανεῖν αὐτόν.
The main clause is νομίζουσιν ἀποθανεῖν αὐτόν; the ὅτι-clause gives the reported reason, with μεθυσθέντα agreeing with its understood object. The combination ὑπὸ Διονύσου ἀποθανεῖν is morphologically active but semantically suggests divine agency or an underlying passive interpretation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 εἷλον | mark | high | Introduces the causal/content clause associated with εἷλον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 εἷλον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | μεθυσθέντα | μεθύω | VERB | V-APP-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 4 εἷλον | advcl | high | Aorist passive participle, predicated of the understood masculine object αὐτόν. |
| 4 | εἷλον | αἱρέω | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 10 νομίζουσιν | ccomp | high | Aorist active finite verb in the ὅτι-clause; subject is implicit. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 4 εἷλον | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpositionType=Prep | 7 τούτῳ | case | high | Takes the dative τούτῳ. |
| 7 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | P-DDSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Dem | 10 νομίζουσιν | obl | high | ἐπὶ τούτῳ means 'for/on account of this'. |
| 8 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | AdpositionType=Prep | 9 Διονύσου | case | high | Agent marker with the passive infinitive. |
| 9 | Διονύσου | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N- GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 11 ἀποθανεῖν | obl:agent | high | Genitive agent of passive ἀποθανεῖν in the construction's understood passive sense. |
| 10 | νομίζουσιν | νομίζω | VERB | V- PAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 11 | ἀποθανεῖν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 10 νομίζουσιν | xcomp | medium | Aorist infinitive governed by νομίζουσιν; αὐτόν is its accusative subject. ὑπό with genitive is semantically unusual with active-form ἀποθανεῖν, perhaps reflecting an understood passive/causative interpretation. |
| 12 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Prs | 11 ἀποθανεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 10 νομίζουσιν | punct | high |