Grammar parses for passage 9.21.1
Open translation for this passage
παρέχονται δὲ ἰδέαν οἱ Τρίτωνες· ἔχουσιν ἐπὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ κόμην οἷα τὰ βατράχια τὰ ἐν ταῖς λίμναις χρόαν τε καὶ ὅτι τῶν τριχῶν οὐκ ἂν ἀποκρίναις μίαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἄλλων,
The passage has a coordinated descriptive clause: Τρίτωνες is the subject of παρέχονται and ἔχουσιν; ὅτι introduces an elliptical comparative/explanatory clause after χρόαν, with ἀποκρίναις as a potential second-person form and μίαν understood as μίαν τρίχα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρέχονται | παρέχω | VERB | V-3PPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 5 Τρίτωνες | conj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 παρέχονται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἰδέαν | ἰδέα | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 παρέχονται | obj | high | |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Τρίτωνες | det | high | |
| 5 | Τρίτωνες | Τρίτων | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἔχουσιν | nsubj | high | Proper name used as plural collective noun. |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | punct | _ | 1 παρέχονται | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἔχουσιν | ἔχω | VERB | V-3PAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 κεφαλῇ | case | high | |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κεφαλῇ | det | high | |
| 10 | κεφαλῇ | κεφαλή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔχουσιν | obl | high | |
| 11 | κόμην | κόμη | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔχουσιν | obj | high | |
| 12 | οἷα | οἷος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 χρόαν | amod | medium | Neuter plural comparative/qualitative form; construction is elliptical. |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 βατράχια | det | high | |
| 14 | βατράχια | βατράχιον | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 οἷα | nsubj | medium | Comparative standard with an elliptical predicate. |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ἐν | det | high | |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 λίμναις | case | high | |
| 17 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 λίμναις | det | high | |
| 18 | λίμναις | λίμνη | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 βατράχια | nmod | high | |
| 19 | χρόαν | χρόα | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔχουσιν | obj | high | Coordinated with κόμην; τὸ χρῶμα is understood in the comparison. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 χρόαν | cc | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ὅτι | cc | high | |
| 22 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ἀποκρίναις | mark | medium | Introduces an explanatory/content clause associated with the preceding description. |
| 23 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 τριχῶν | det | high | |
| 24 | τριχῶν | θρίξ | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 27 ἀποκρίναις | obl | high | Partitive genitive with μίαν. |
| 25 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 27 ἀποκρίναις | advmod | high | |
| 26 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | PART | _ | 27 ἀποκρίναις | advmod | high | Modal particle with the potential optative. |
| 27 | ἀποκρίναις | ἀποκρίνω | VERB | V-2SAO | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 22 ὅτι | advcl | medium | Potential optative; syntactically elliptical, with μίαν as its object. |
| 28 | μίαν | εἷς | NUM | A-FAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀποκρίναις | obj | high | Substantival numeral, ‘one’ [hair]. |
| 29 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 31 ἄλλων | case | high | |
| 30 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 31 ἄλλων | det | high | |
| 31 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 27 ἀποκρίναις | obl | high | Substantival adjective, ‘the others’ [hairs]. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | punct | _ | 27 ἀποκρίναις | punct | high |
βράγχια δὲ ὑπὸ τοῖς ὠσὶν ἔχουσι καὶ ῥῖνα ἀνθρώπου, στόμα δὲ εὐρύτερον καὶ ὀδόντας θηρίου·
Elliptical descriptive coordination: ἔχουσι has an understood plural subject and governs coordinated accusative body-part objects; ὑπό + dative locates the gills. The following clauses omit the repeated participle/verb. The form ὠσὶν is dative plural of οὖς; ῥῖνα may be nominative or accusative, but is treated here as accusative coordinated with βράγχια.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | βράγχια | βράγχιον | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἔχουσι | obj | medium | Accusative plural object of understood/expressed ἔχουσι; neuter plural. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 6 ἔχουσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 5 ὠσὶν | case | high | With dative, locative meaning 'under/below'. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | l-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ὠσὶν | det | high | Article agreeing with ὠσίν. |
| 5 | ὠσὶν | οὖς | NOUN | n-p---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἔχουσι | obl | high | Dative complement of ὑπό. |
| 6 | ἔχουσι | ἔχω | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Finite verb, with implicit plural subject; governs the first coordinated description. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 6 ἔχουσι | cc | high | Coordinates accusative body-part descriptions. |
| 8 | ῥῖνα | ῥίς | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἔχουσι | obj | low | Treated as accusative singular object coordinated with βράγχια; nominative interpretation is also possible in the elliptical description. |
| 9 | ἀνθρώπου | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ῥῖνα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ῥῖνα: 'of a human'. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔχουσι | punct | high | |
| 11 | στόμα | στόμα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἔχουσι | obj | medium | Accusative object in the second, elliptical coordinated description. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 11 στόμα | cc | high | Postpositive connective introducing the second description. |
| 13 | εὐρύτερον | εὐρύς | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 στόμα | amod | high | Comparative adjective agreeing with στόμα. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 11 στόμα | cc | high | Coordinates στόμα and ὀδόντας. |
| 15 | ὀδόντας | ὀδούς | NOUN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἔχουσι | obj | high | Accusative plural body-part noun, coordinated with στόμα. |
| 16 | θηρίου | θηρίον | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ὀδόντας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὀδόντας: 'of a beast'. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔχουσι | punct | high |
ὑπὸ δὲ τὸ στέρνον καὶ τὴν γαστέρα οὐρά σφισιν ἀντὶ ποδῶν οἵα περ τοῖς δελφῖσίν ἐστιν.
Predication is existential/copular: οὐρά is the subject, with ἐστιν as root; ὑπό governs the accusative body-part phrases, and οἵα περ agrees with οὐρά, while τοῖς δελφῖσιν is a dative comparison.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 στέρνον | case | high | Preposition governing the following accusative phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 στέρνον | det | high | |
| 4 | στέρνον | στέρνον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 οὐρά | obl | high | First accusative object of ὑπό. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 γαστέρα | cc | high | Coordinates the two body-part nouns. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 γαστέρα | det | high | |
| 7 | γαστέρα | γαστήρ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 στέρνον | conj | high | Second accusative body-part noun coordinated with στέρνον. |
| 8 | οὐρά | οὐρά | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of the copular predicate. |
| 9 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DPM | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 8 οὐρά | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/reference, ‘for them’; exact semantic role is somewhat flexible. |
| 10 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 ποδῶν | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 11 | ποδῶν | πούς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 οὐρά | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀντί. |
| 12 | οἵα | οἷος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with οὐρά. |
| 13 | περ | περ | PART | PART | _ | 12 οἵα | advmod | high | Emphatic particle modifying οἵα. |
| 14 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 δελφῖσίν | det | high | |
| 15 | δελφῖσίν | δελφίς | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 οἵα | obl | medium | Dative comparison with οἵα; gender is masculine in this form. |
| 16 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copula/root of the sentence. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 16 ἐστιν | punct | high |