Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 9.21.2

← 9.21.1 9.21.3 →

Passage 9.21.2

Open translation for this passage

2sentences parsed

70Greek tokens

1,785input tokens

4,701output tokens

Sentence 1

9.21.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 40
Input: 986
Output: 2,707
Total: 3,693

εἶδον δὲ καὶ ταύρους τούς τε Αἰθιοπικούς, οὓς ἐπὶ τῷ συμβεβηκότι ὀνομάζουσι ῥινόκερως, ὅτι σφίσιν ἐπʼ ἄκρᾳ τῇ ῥινὶ ἓν ἑκάστῳ κέρας καὶ ἄλλο ὑπὲρ αὐτὸ οὐ μέγα, ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς κεφαλῆς οὐδὲ ἀρχὴν κέρατά ἐστι,

The ὅτι clause explains the name: each animal has one horn on the tip of its nose and another above it, but no horns at all on the head. Token 38 is morphosyntactically anomalous as accusative plural with singular ἐστι; retained as written and analyzed as the existential subject with low certainty.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	εἶδον	ὁράω	VERB	V-2AAI-1S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 εἶδον	cc	high
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	4 ταύρους	cc	high
4	ταύρους	ταῦρος	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 εἶδον	obj	high
5	τούς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ταύρους	det	high
6	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	7 Αἰθιοπικούς	cc	high
7	Αἰθιοπικούς	Αἰθιοπικός	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ταύρους	amod	high
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	4 ταύρους	punct	high
9	οὓς	ὅς	PRON	R-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 ὀνομάζουσι	obj	high	Relative pronoun resumes ταύρους.
10	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	P	_	12 συμβεβηκότι	case	high
11	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	12 συμβεβηκότι	det	high
12	συμβεβηκότι	συμβαίνω	VERB	V-RPAP-D-SN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	13 ὀνομάζουσι	obl	medium	Substantivized perfect participle, 'the circumstance/accident'.
13	ὀνομάζουσι	ὀνομάζω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	1 εἶδον	acl:relcl	high
14	ῥινόκερως	ῥινόκερως	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ὀνομάζουσι	xcomp	medium	Predicate naming noun; form is nominative singular.
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	13 ὀνομάζουσι	punct	high
16	ὅτι	ὅτι	SCONJ	CONJ	_	13 ὀνομάζουσι	mark	high	Introduces explanatory content clause.
17	σφίσιν	σφεῖς	PRON	RP-DP	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	24 κέρας	iobj	high
18	ἐπʼ	ἐπί	ADP	P	_	19 ἄκρᾳ	case	high
19	ἄκρᾳ	ἄκρος	ADJ	A-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 ῥινὶ	amod	high	Substantival adjective, 'tip'.
20	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 ῥινὶ	det	high
21	ῥινὶ	ῥίς	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	24 κέρας	obl	high
22	ἓν	εἷς	NUM	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	24 κέρας	nsubj	high
23	ἑκάστῳ	ἕκαστος	DET	A-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	22 ἓν	nmod	high	Distributive dative, 'one for each'.
24	κέρας	κέρας	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	39 ἐστι	nsubj	high	Subject of existential ἐστι.
25	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	26 ἄλλο	cc	high
26	ἄλλο	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	24 κέρας	conj	high	Substantivized adjective coordinated with κέρας.
27	ὑπὲρ	ὑπέρ	ADP	P	_	28 αὐτὸ	case	high
28	αὐτὸ	αὐτός	PRON	P-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	26 ἄλλο	obl	high	Accusative after ὑπέρ.
29	οὐ	οὐ	PART	PRT	Polarity=Neg	30 μέγα	advmod	high
30	μέγα	μέγας	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	26 ἄλλο	amod	high	Predicative/substantival description of the second horn.
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	39 ἐστι	punct	high
32	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	P	_	35 κεφαλῆς	case	high
33	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	39 ἐστι	cc	high
34	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	35 κεφαλῆς	det	high
35	κεφαλῆς	κεφαλή	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	39 ἐστι	obl	high
36	οὐδὲ	οὐδέ	CCONJ	CONJ	Polarity=Neg	38 κέρατά	cc	high	Negative coordinator.
37	ἀρχὴν	ἀρχή	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	39 ἐστι	advmod	high	Adverbial accusative, 'at all'.
38	κέρατά	κέρας	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	39 ἐστι	nsubj	medium	Accusative form is anomalous with ἐστι; likely textual/orthographic issue or accusative of respect, while semantically subject is 'horns'.
39	ἐστι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	13 ὀνομάζουσι	ccomp	high	Existential clause under ὅτι.
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	39 ἐστι	punct	high

Sentence 2

9.21.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 30
Input: 799
Output: 1,994
Total: 2,793

καὶ τοὺς ἐκ Παιόνων---οὗτοι δὲ οἱ ἐκ Παιόνων ἔς τε τὸ ἄλλο σῶμα δασεῖς καὶ ἀμφὶ τὸ στέρνον μάλιστά εἰσι καὶ τὴν γένυν---

Elliptical continuation: τοὺς ἐκ Παιόνων is resumed/explained by οὗτοι οἱ ἐκ Παιόνων; δασεῖς agrees with οὗτοι/οἱ and εἰσι is the copula. The final καὶ τὴν γένυν is coordinated with ἀμφὶ τὸ στέρνον, with the adjective phrase understood.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-----	_	2 τοὺς	cc	high
2	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	RA-PAM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 Παιόνων	det	high	Part of an elliptical accusative phrase resumed by οὗτοι.
3	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	4 Παιόνων	case	high
4	Παιόνων	Παιών	PROPN	Ne----GM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 οὗτοι	obl	medium	Ethnic name; phrase is an elliptical antecedent/continuation.
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	8 οὗτοι	punct	high	Editorial dash.
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	8 οὗτοι	punct	high	Editorial dash.
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	8 οὗτοι	punct	high	Editorial dash.
8	οὗτοι	οὗτος	PRON	RD-PNM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 εἰσι	nsubj	high
9	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G--------	_	8 οὗτοι	cc	high
10	οἱ	ὁ	DET	RA-PNM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 Παιόνων	det	high	Article in the substantival ethnic phrase.
11	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	12 Παιόνων	case	high
12	Παιόνων	Παιών	PROPN	Ne----GM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 οὗτοι	nmod	high	Substantival οἱ ἐκ Παιόνων, appositional to οὗτοι.
13	ἔς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	17 σῶμα	case	high	Variant/orthographic form of εἰς.
14	τε	τε	CCONJ	G--------	_	13 ἔς	cc	high	Correlative τε, coordinating the following complements.
15	τὸ	ὁ	DET	RA-SNA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	16 ἄλλο	det	high
16	ἄλλο	ἄλλος	ADJ	A----NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	17 σῶμα	amod	high
17	σῶμα	σῶμα	NOUN	Nb----NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 δασεῖς	obl	high	Object of ἔς in the idiom ‘as to the rest of the body’.
18	δασεῖς	δασύς	ADJ	A--P～NM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 εἰσι	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with εἰσι.
19	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-----	_	20 ἀμφὶ	cc	high
20	ἀμφὶ	ἀμφί	ADP	R--------	_	22 στέρνον	obl	high	Prepositional complement of the predicate adjective.
21	τὸ	ὁ	DET	RA-SNA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	22 στέρνον	det	high
22	στέρνον	στέρνον	NOUN	Nb----NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 δασεῖς	obl	high
23	μάλιστά	μάλιστα	ADV	D--------	Degree=Sup	18 δασεῖς	advmod	high	Modifies the predication; placement is somewhat loose.
24	εἰσι	εἰμί	AUX	V3PPIA---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
25	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-----	_	27 γένυν	cc	medium	Coordinates the omitted/repeated ἀμφὶ phrase before τὴν γένυν.
26	τὴν	ὁ	DET	RA-SFA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 γένυν	det	high
27	γένυν	γένυς	NOUN	Nb----FA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 δασεῖς	obl	medium	Understood with omitted ἀμφί; lexical gender/form can vary in ancient usage.
28	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	24 εἰσι	punct	high	Editorial dash.
29	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	24 εἰσι	punct	high	Editorial dash.
30	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	24 εἰσι	punct	high	Editorial dash.

← 9.21.1 9.21.3 →