Grammar parses for passage 9.21.3
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ ἄλκη καλούμενον θηρίον, εἶδος μὲν ἐλάφου καὶ καμήλου μεταξύ, γίνεται δὲ ἐν τῇ Κελτῶν γῇ.
The first clause is existential/copular with an appositive/predicate noun; the δεύτερον clause is coordinated and has a straightforward locative oblique.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-3spia-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb as clause root. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 ἔστι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἄλκη | ἄλκη | NOUN | N-NSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 θηρίον | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of καλούμενον θηρίον; form may be rare/variant. |
| 4 | καλούμενον | καλέω | VERB | V-PPPNSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 θηρίον | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying θηρίον. |
| 5 | θηρίον | θηρίον | NOUN | N-NSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Predicate/appositive noun with participial modifier. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | εἶδος | εἶδος | NOUN | N-ASN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 γίνεται | obj | medium | Accusative of respect/measure with μεταξύ; syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 εἶδος | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 9 | ἐλάφου | ἔλαφος | NOUN | N-GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 εἶδος | nmod | high | Dependent genitive modifying εἶδος. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἐλάφου | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 11 | καμήλου | κάμηλος | NOUN | N-GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐλάφου | conj | high | Second coordinated genitive. |
| 12 | μεταξύ | μεταξύ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 εἶδος | case | high | Postpositive/adverbial preposition-like item governing genitive phrase. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | γίνεται | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-3spmi-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 1 ἔστι | conj | high | Second main clause coordinated to ἔστι. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 14 γίνεται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 γῇ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 17 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 γῇ | det | high | Article modifying γῇ. |
| 18 | Κελτῶν | Κελτοί | PROPN | N-PG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 γῇ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of γῇ. |
| 19 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | N-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 γίνεται | obl | high | Locative oblique complement of γίνεται. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
θηρίων δὲ ὧν ἴσμεν μόνην ἀνιχνεῦσαι καὶ προϊδεῖν οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνθρώπῳ, σταλεῖσι δὲ ἐς ἄγραν ἄλλων καὶ τήνδε ἐς χεῖρά ποτε δαίμων ἄγει·
The syntax is somewhat loose: an infinitival construction with ἔστιν is followed by a second clause with ἄγει; I treat ἄγει as a second root within the same punctuation-delimited sentence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | θηρίων | θηρίον | NOUN | N-__ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἀνιχνεῦσαι | obl | high | Genitive governed by ἀνιχνεῦσαι/προϊδεῖν in partitive sense: 'of beasts'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 10 ἔστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | P-S---GN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 1 θηρίων | nmod | medium | Relative pronoun referring back to θηρίων; exact attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | ἴσμεν | οἶδα | VERB | V-1PRAI-- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 θηρίων | acl | medium | Finite verb in relative clause; semantics 'we know'. |
| 5 | μόνην | μόνος | ADJ | A-__-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀνιχνεῦσαι | obj | high | Object-like accusative with infinitive ἀνιχνεῦσαι. |
| 6 | ἀνιχνεῦσαι | ἀνιχνεύω | VERB | V--AAN--- | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 ἔστιν | csubj | high | Infinitival subject/topic of ἔστιν. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 προϊδεῖν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 8 | προϊδεῖν | προοράω | VERB | V--AAN--- | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 ἀνιχνεῦσαι | conj | medium | Coordinated infinitive with ἀνιχνεῦσαι. |
| 9 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 10 ἔστιν | advmod | high | Negation of ἔστιν. |
| 10 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SPIA--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential root. |
| 11 | ἀνθρώπῳ | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἔστιν | obl | high | Dative of reference/agent with infinitive construction: 'for a man'. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔστιν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 13 | σταλεῖσι | στέλλω | VERB | V-APP--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 24 ἄγει | advcl | medium | Aorist passive participle; likely circumstantial, agreeing with implicit subject or men. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 24 ἄγει | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 16 ἄγραν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 16 | ἄγραν | ἄγρα | NOUN | N-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 σταλεῖσι | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 17 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-__-GPN- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 16 ἄγραν | nmod | medium | Likely genitive modifier of ἄγραν ('of others'). |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 τήνδε | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 19 | τήνδε | ὅδε | PRON | P-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 24 ἄγει | obj | high | Direct object of ἄγει. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 21 χεῖρά | case | high | Preposition. |
| 21 | χεῖρά | χείρ | NOUN | N-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἄγει | obl | high | Goal with ἐς. |
| 22 | ποτε | ποτε | PART | _ | _ | 24 ἄγει | advmod | high | Enclitic temporal/adverbial particle. |
| 23 | δαίμων | δαίμων | NOUN | N-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἄγει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἄγει. |
| 24 | ἄγει | ἄγω | VERB | V-3SPIA--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second clause may be loosely coordinated or appositional to the preceding general statement. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἄγει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
οἱ θηρεύοντες οὖν, ὁπότε ἐπὶ βραχύτατον, σταδίων τὴν πεδιάδα χιλίων ἢ καὶ ὄρος περιλαβόντες, τὸν κύκλον μὲν οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπως διαλύσουσιν, ἐπισυνιόντες δὲ ἀεὶ τὰ ἐντὸς γινόμενα τοῦ κύκλου πάντα αἱροῦσι τά τε ἄλλα καὶ τὰς ἄλκας·
The syntax is partly paratactic: ἔστιν ὅπως with future infinitival sense is treated as complement of ἔστιν, while the participial sequences before and after function as attendant circumstances.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Pp-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 2 θηρεύοντες | det | high | Article modifying participle. |
| 2 | θηρεύοντες | θηρεύω | VERB | Vpppamn-p- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 διαλύσουσιν | nsubj | high | Participial subject of διαλύσουσιν. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | Df | _ | 24 διαλύσουσιν | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 θηρεύοντες | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 5 | ὁπότε | ὁπότε | SCONJ | Cy | _ | 24 διαλύσουσιν | mark | high | Introduces temporal clause. |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | AdpType=Prep | 7 βραχύτατον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 7 | βραχύτατον | βραχύτατος | ADJ | A-s---na- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 διαλύσουσιν | advcl | medium | Likely adverbial accusative with ἐπί, governing implied verb of timing/extent. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 βραχύτατον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | σταδίων | στάδιον | NOUN | N-p---gn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 πεδιάδα | nmod | high | Measure/genitive of extent. |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Pp-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 πεδιάδα | det | high | Article modifying πεδιάδα. |
| 11 | πεδιάδα | πεδιάς | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 περιλαβόντες | obj | medium | Object of περιλαβόντες. |
| 12 | χιλίων | χίλιοι | NUM | Ac-p---gn- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 9 σταδίων | nummod | high | Numeral modifying σταδίων. |
| 13 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C | _ | 14 καὶ | cc | high | Correlative alternative/approximation. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 15 ὄρος | cc | high | Coordinating particle. |
| 15 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | N-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 περιλαβόντες | obj | medium | Second coordinated object/extent term with περιλαβόντες. |
| 16 | περιλαβόντες | περιλαμβάνω | VERB | Vpppamn-p- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 διαλύσουσιν | advcl | high | Aorist participial clause attendant on main verb. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 περιλαβόντες | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Pp-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 κύκλον | det | high | Article modifying κύκλον. |
| 19 | κύκλον | κύκλος | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 διαλύσουσιν | obj | high | Object of διαλύσουσιν. |
| 20 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G | _ | 24 διαλύσουσιν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 21 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D | Polarity=Neg | 24 διαλύσουσιν | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 22 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate of the sentence segment. |
| 23 | ὅπως | ὅπως | SCONJ | Py | _ | 22 ἔστιν | mark | high | Introduces subordinate clause of potential/indirect question. |
| 24 | διαλύσουσιν | διαλύω | VERB | V3pfia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 22 ἔστιν | csubj | medium | Complement clause dependent on ἔστιν ὅπως. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 διαλύσουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 26 | ἐπισυνιόντες | ἐπισυνίημι | VERB | Vpppamn-p- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 35 αἱροῦσι | advcl | high | Adverbial participle modifying αἱροῦσι. |
| 27 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 35 αἱροῦσι | discourse | high | Mild connective particle. |
| 28 | ἀεὶ | ἀεί | ADV | Df | _ | 35 αἱροῦσι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying αἱροῦσι. |
| 29 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Pp-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 γινόμενα | det | high | Article modifying γινόμενα. |
| 30 | ἐντὸς | ἐντός | ADV | Df | _ | 31 γινόμενα | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier of γινόμενα. |
| 31 | γινόμενα | γίγνομαι | VERB | Vpppnn-p- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 35 αἱροῦσι | obj | high | Object phrase modified by τὰ. |
| 32 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Pp-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 33 κύκλου | det | high | Article modifying κύκλου. |
| 33 | κύκλου | κύκλος | NOUN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 γινόμενα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of γινόμενα. |
| 34 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-p---na- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 31 γινόμενα | amod | medium | Likely adjective agreeing with γινόμενα rather than independent object. |
| 35 | αἱροῦσι | αἱρέω | VERB | V-3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main predicate; coordination with preceding clause is loose/paratactic. |
| 36 | τά | ὁ | DET | Pp-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 38 ἄλλα | det | high | Article modifying ἄλλα. |
| 37 | τε | τε | PART | G | _ | 38 ἄλλα | cc | high | Enclitic coordinator. |
| 38 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-p---na- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 35 αἱροῦσι | obj | high | Object coordinated with τὰς ἄλκας. |
| 39 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 41 ἄλκας | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 40 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | Pp-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 41 ἄλκας | det | high | Article modifying ἄλκας. |
| 41 | ἄλκας | ἄλκη | NOUN | N-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 38 ἄλλα | conj | high | Coordinated object with ἄλλα. |
| 42 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 αἱροῦσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |