Pausanias Analysis

Grammar parses for passage 9.21.3

← 9.21.29.21.4 →

Passage 9.21.3

Open translation for this passage

2sentences parsed
35Greek tokens
1,423input tokens
2,674output tokens
Sentence 1

9.21.3 sentence 1

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ἔστι δὲ ἄλκη καλούμενον θηρίον, εἶδος μὲν ἐλάφου καὶ καμήλου μεταξύ, γίνεται δὲ ἐν τῇ Κελτῶν γῇ.

ἔστι introduces an existential/presentational clause with ἄλκη as subject and καλούμενον θηρίον as a nominative predicate/appositional description; εἶδος is coordinated with an understood copula and compares the animal to deer and camel, while γίνεται takes an ἐν-phrase for location. The form ἄλκη is morphologically ambiguous in isolation; here it is treated as nominative singular neuter.

cc punct punct case obl parataxis punct case cop appos nmod conj det amod discourse cc cc nmod root root 1 ἔστι εἰμί / VERB 2 δὲ δέ / CCONJ 3 ἄλκη ἄλκη / NOUN 4 καλούμενον καλέω / VERB 5 θηρίον θηρίον / NOUN 6 , , / PUNCT 7 εἶδος εἶδος / NOUN 8 μὲν μέν / PART 9 ἐλάφου ἔλαφος / NOUN 10 καὶ καί / CCONJ 11 καμήλου κάμηλος / NOUN 12 μεταξύ μεταξύ / ADP 13 , , / PUNCT 14 γίνεται γίγνομαι / VERB 15 δὲ δέ / CCONJ 16 ἐν ἐν / ADP 17 τῇ ὁ / DET 18 Κελτῶν Κελτός / PROPN 19 γῇ γῆ / NOUN 20 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ἔστιεἰμίVERBV-PAI-3SMood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act3 ἄλκηcophighExistential/presentational copula.
2δὲδέCCONJC——_14 γίνεταιcchighAdversative/continuative connective for the first clause.
3ἄλκηἄλκηNOUNN-NSNCase=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing0 ROOTrootmediumTreated as the neuter nominative singular subject/name; form is syncretic and lexically unusual.
4καλούμενονκαλέωVERBV-PPN-NSNCase=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass5 θηρίονamodhighPassive participle agreeing with θηρίον, ‘called’.
5θηρίονθηρίονNOUNN-NSNCase=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing3 ἄλκηapposmediumNominative predicate/appositional noun describing ἄλκη.
6,,PUNCT__3 ἄλκηpuncthigh
7εἶδοςεἶδοςNOUNN-NSNCase=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing3 ἄλκηparataxismediumNominal descriptive clause with an understood copula and subject reference to ἄλκη.
8μὲνμένPARTX——_7 εἶδοςdiscoursehighSets up the μέν ... δέ contrast.
9ἐλάφουἔλαφοςNOUNN-GSCase=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing7 εἶδοςnmodhighGenitive of comparison/description after εἶδος.
10καὶκαίCCONJC——_11 καμήλουcchighCoordinates the two genitive comparison nouns.
11καμήλουκάμηλοςNOUNN-GSCase=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing9 ἐλάφουconjhighSecond genitive comparison noun.
12μεταξύμεταξύADPR——_7 εἶδοςcasemediumPostpositive preposition/adverb governing the genitive phrase, ‘between’.
13,,PUNCT__7 εἶδοςpuncthigh
14γίνεταιγίγνομαιVERBV-PMI-3SMood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid0 ROOTroothighFinite verb of the second coordinated clause; root analysis treats the sentence as paratactic.
15δὲδέCCONJC——_14 γίνεταιcchighConnective marking continuation/contrast.
16ἐνἐνADPR——_19 γῇcasehighPreposition governing τῇ ... γῇ.
17τῇDETRA-DSFCase=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art19 γῇdethighArticle agreeing with γῇ.
18ΚελτῶνΚελτόςPROPNN-GPCase=Gen|Number=Plur19 γῇnmodhighGenitive ethnic name modifying γῇ.
19γῇγῆNOUNN-DSFCase=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing14 γίνεταιoblhighLocative oblique governed by ἐν.
20..PUNCT__14 γίνεταιpuncthigh
Sentence 5

9.21.3 sentence 5

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εἰ δὲ μὴ τύχοι ταύτῃ φωλεύουσα, ἑτέρα γε ἄλκην ἑλεῖν ἐστιν οὐδεμία μηχανή.

Conditional clause: εἰ with optative τύχοι (potential/iterative nuance), with ταύτῃ modifying φωλεύουσα; main clause has impersonal ἐστιν with μηχανή as subject and ἑλεῖν as complementary infinitive. The adjective phrase οὐδεμία μηχανή means ‘no method at all’.

advcl amod mark punct punct cc advcl nsubj advmod obl advmod obj xcomp amod root 1 εἰ εἰ / SCONJ 2 δὲ δέ / CCONJ 3 μὴ μή / PART 4 τύχοι τυγχάνω / VERB 5 ταύτῃ οὗτος / PRON 6 φωλεύουσα φωλεύω / VERB 7 , , / PUNCT 8 ἑτέρα ἕτερος / ADJ 9 γε γε / PART 10 ἄλκην ἀλκή / NOUN 11 ἑλεῖν αἱρέω / VERB 12 ἐστιν εἰμί / AUX 13 οὐδεμία οὐδείς / ADJ 14 μηχανή μηχανή / NOUN 15 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1εἰεἰSCONJCONJ_4 τύχοιmarkhigh
2δὲδέCCONJCONJ_4 τύχοιcchigh
3μὴμήPARTPARTPolarity=Neg4 τύχοιadvmodhigh
4τύχοιτυγχάνωVERBV-PAO-3SMood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act12 ἐστινadvclmediumAorist optative in the εἰ-clause; exact potential/iterative force depends on context.
5ταύτῃοὗτοςPROND-DSFCase=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem6 φωλεύουσαoblhighDative of place or manner with φωλεύουσα.
6φωλεύουσαφωλεύωVERBV-PAP-NSFCase=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act4 τύχοιadvclmediumPredicative/temporal participle, likely sharing an understood feminine subject with τύχοι.
7,,PUNCTPUNCT_4 τύχοιpuncthigh
8ἑτέραἕτεροςADJA-NSFCase=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing14 μηχανήamodhighSubstantival adjective modifying μηχανή.
9γεγεPARTPART_8 ἑτέραadvmodhighEmphatic particle.
10ἄλκηνἀλκήNOUNN-ASFCase=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing11 ἑλεῖνobjhigh
11ἑλεῖναἱρέωVERBV-2AANMood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act12 ἐστινxcomphighComplementary infinitive with impersonal ἐστιν.
12ἐστινεἰμίAUXV-PAI-3SMood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighImpersonal existential/copular predicate.
13οὐδεμίαοὐδείςADJA-NSFCase=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg14 μηχανήamodhighNegative adjective modifying μηχανή.
14μηχανήμηχανήNOUNN-NSFCase=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing12 ἐστινnsubjhighSubject of impersonal ἐστιν; predicate notion is ‘there is no method’.
15..PUNCTPUNCT_12 ἐστινpuncthigh
← 9.21.29.21.4 →