Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 9.21.4

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Passage 9.21.4

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2sentences parsed

84Greek tokens

1,983input tokens

5,770output tokens

Sentence 1

9.21.4 sentence 1

Tokens: 32
Input: 858
Output: 2,264
Total: 3,122

θηρίον δὲ τὸ ἐν τῷ Κτησίου λόγῳ τῷ ἐς Ἰνδοὺς---μαρτιχόρα ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰνδῶν, ὑπὸ δὲ Ἑλλήνων φησὶν ἀνδροφάγον λελέχθαι---εἶναι πείθομαι τὸν τίγριν·

Main predicate πείθομαι takes the complementary infinitive phrase τὸν τίγριν εἶναι θηρίον; the intervening relative/appositional material explains the Indian name μαρτιχόρα and the Greek description ἀνδροφάγον λελέχθαι. The dashes are punctuation delimiting parenthetical text; φησὶν governs λελέχθαι.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	θηρίον	θηρίον	NOUN	N--NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	28 εἶναι	xcomp	high	Predicate nominative of εἶναι.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	29 πείθομαι	cc	high
3	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T--NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 λόγῳ	det	high	Article with λόγῳ in the phrase τὸ ... ἐν τῷ ... λόγῳ; nominalized/attributive construction is compressed.
4	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	7 λόγῳ	case	high
5	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T--DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 Κτησίου	det	high
6	Κτησίου	Κτησίας	PROPN	N--GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 λόγῳ	nmod	high	Genitive author name.
7	λόγῳ	λόγος	NOUN	N--DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 θηρίον	obl	medium	Dative governed by ἐν; the construction identifies the beast described in Ctesias' account.
8	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T--DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 λόγῳ	det	high	Article introducing the ἐς Ἰνδούς specification.
9	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	10 Ἰνδοὺς	case	high
10	Ἰνδοὺς	Ἰνδός	PROPN	N--APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 λόγῳ	nmod	high	Accusative object of ἐς.
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	14 μαρτιχόρα	punct	high	Opening dash of parenthetical material.
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	14 μαρτιχόρα	punct	high	Opening dash of parenthetical material.
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	14 μαρτιχόρα	punct	high	Opening dash of parenthetical material.
14	μαρτιχόρα	μαρτιχόρα	NOUN	N--NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	1 θηρίον	appos	medium	Foreign Indian name, treated as a neuter nominative apposition to θηρίον.
15	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	17 Ἰνδῶν	case	high
16	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T--GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 Ἰνδῶν	det	high
17	Ἰνδῶν	Ἰνδός	PROPN	N--GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 μαρτιχόρα	obl	high	Agent-like adjunct: named by the Indians.
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	14 μαρτιχόρα	punct	high
19	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	21 Ἑλλήνων	case	high
20	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	22 φησὶν	cc	high	Connects the contrasting Greek attribution.
21	Ἑλλήνων	Ἕλλην	PROPN	N--GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 λελέχθαι	obl:agent	high	Agent of λελέχθαι.
22	φησὶν	φημί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	29 πείθομαι	parataxis	medium	Parenthetical reporting verb, with λελέχθαι as its complementary infinitive.
23	ἀνδροφάγον	ἀνδροφάγος	ADJ	A--ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 λελέχθαι	xcomp	high	Predicate accusative with λελέχθαι, agreeing with the understood animal.
24	λελέχθαι	λέγω	VERB	V-RMN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Mid	22 φησὶν	xcomp	high	Perfect middle/passive infinitive, ‘to have been called/said’; exact semantic force is context-dependent.
25	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	24 λελέχθαι	punct	high	Closing dash of parenthetical material.
26	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	24 λελέχθαι	punct	high	Closing dash of parenthetical material.
27	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	24 λελέχθαι	punct	high	Closing dash of parenthetical material.
28	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	29 πείθομαι	xcomp	high	Infinitive complement of πείθομαι; subject is τὸν τίγριν.
29	πείθομαι	πείθω	VERB	V-PMI-1S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate, middle voice ‘I am persuaded/convinced’.
30	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T--ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	31 τίγριν	det	high
31	τίγριν	τίγρις	NOUN	N--ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	28 εἶναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι.
32	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	29 πείθομαι	punct	high

Sentence 2

9.21.4 sentence 2

Tokens: 52
Input: 1,125
Output: 3,506
Total: 4,631

ὀδόντας δὲ αὐτὸ τριστοίχους καθʼ ἑκατέραν τὴν γένυν καὶ κέντρα ἐπὶ ἄκρας ἔχειν τῆς οὐρᾶς, τούτοις δὲ τοῖς κέντροις ἐγγύθεν ἀμύνεσθαι καὶ ἀποπέμπειν ἐς τοὺς πορρωτέρω τοξότου ἀνδρὸς ὀιστῷ ἴσον, ταύτην οὐκ ἀληθῆ τὴν φήμην οἱ Ἰνδοὶ δέξασθαι δοκοῦσί μοι παρʼ ἀλλήλων ὑπὸ τοῦ ἄγαν ἐς τὸ θηρίον δείματος.

Infinitival content is coordinated under δέξασθαι δοκοῦσί: the Indians are said to have accepted this report from one another through excessive fear of the beast; the earlier infinitives describe the report's content. αὐτό is adverbial intensifier with τριστοίχους. The analysis of the compressed phrase τοὺς πορρωτέρω τοξότου ἀνδρός is somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὀδόντας	ὀδούς	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 ἔχειν	obj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	13 ἔχειν	cc	high
3	αὐτὸ	αὐτός	ADV	D-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 τριστοίχους	advmod	medium	Neuter form used adverbially as an intensifier (‘very’).
4	τριστοίχους	τρίστοιχος	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 ὀδόντας	amod	high
5	καθʼ	κατά	ADP	P	_	8 γένυν	case	high
6	ἑκατέραν	ἑκάτερος	ADJ	A-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 γένυν	det	high
7	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 γένυν	det	high
8	γένυν	γνάθος	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 ὀδόντας	obl	high	Alternative lexical lemma γένυς is possible; γνάθος is the dictionary equivalent used here.
9	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	10 κέντρα	cc	high
10	κέντρα	κέντρον	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	13 ἔχειν	obj	high
11	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	P	_	12 ἄκρας	case	high
12	ἄκρας	ἄκρη	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 ἔχειν	obl	medium	Genitive is governed by ἐπί in the sense ‘on the tip/end of’.
13	ἔχειν	ἔχω	VERB	V-PNA	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	22 ἀμύνεσθαι	conj	high	Coordinated/content infinitive.
14	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 οὐρᾶς	det	high
15	οὐρᾶς	οὐρά	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 ἄκρας	nmod	high
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἔχειν	punct	high
17	τούτοις	οὗτος	PRON	D-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	22 ἀμύνεσθαι	obl	high	Instrumental/means dative.
18	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	22 ἀμύνεσθαι	cc	high
19	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	20 κέντροις	det	high
20	κέντροις	κέντρον	NOUN	N-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	17 τούτοις	appos	high
21	ἐγγύθεν	ἐγγύθεν	ADV	ADV	_	22 ἀμύνεσθαι	advmod	high
22	ἀμύνεσθαι	ἀμύνω	VERB	V-PNM	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	24 ἀποπέμπειν	conj	high	Coordinated with ἀποπέμπειν; subject is implicit beast.
23	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	24 ἀποπέμπειν	cc	high
24	ἀποπέμπειν	ἀποπέμπω	VERB	V-PNA	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	40 δέξασθαι	xcomp	high	Content infinitive under δέξασθαι.
25	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	26 τοὺς	case	high
26	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	27 πορρωτέρω	det	high
27	πορρωτέρω	πόρρω	ADV	ADV-COMP	Degree=Cmp	24 ἀποπέμπειν	obl	medium	Comparative adverb substantivally modifies the omitted/understood archers or targets.
28	τοξότου	τοξότης	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 ἀνδρὸς	nmod	medium	Genitive phrase is compressed and its attachment is uncertain.
29	ἀνδρὸς	ἀνήρ	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	31 ἴσον	nmod	medium	Together with τοξότου, genitive comparison/measure phrase.
30	ὀιστῷ	ὀιστός	NOUN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	31 ἴσον	obl	high	Dative of comparison/measure.
31	ἴσον	ἴσος	ADJ	A-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	24 ἀποπέμπειν	advcl	medium	Predicative/comparative phrase: ‘equal to an arrow’; neuter agrees with an understood neuter object or distance.
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	24 ἀποπέμπειν	punct	high
33	ταύτην	οὗτος	PRON	D-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	37 φήμην	det	high
34	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	35 ἀληθῆ	advmod	high
35	ἀληθῆ	ἀληθής	ADJ	A-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	37 φήμην	amod	high
36	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	37 φήμην	det	high
37	φήμην	φήμη	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	40 δέξασθαι	obj	high	Object of δέξασθαι.
38	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	39 Ἰνδοὶ	det	high
39	Ἰνδοὶ	Ἰνδός	PROPN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	41 δοκοῦσί	nsubj	high
40	δέξασθαι	δέχομαι	VERB	V-ANM	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	41 δοκοῦσί	xcomp	high	Accusative object φήμην; infinitive complement of δοκοῦσι.
41	δοκοῦσί	δοκέω	VERB	V-PIA-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
42	μοι	ἐγώ	PRON	P-DS	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Person=1	41 δοκοῦσί	iobj	high	Dative of opinion/experiencer (‘it seems to me’).
43	παρʼ	παρά	ADP	P	_	44 ἀλλήλων	case	high
44	ἀλλήλων	ἀλλήλων	PRON	C-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	40 δέξασθαι	obl	high	Source/origin with παρά.
45	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	P	_	51 δείματος	case	high
46	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	51 δείματος	det	high
47	ἄγαν	ἄγαν	ADV	ADV	_	51 δείματος	advmod	high	Intensifies δείματος.
48	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	50 θηρίον	case	high
49	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	50 θηρίον	det	high
50	θηρίον	θηρίον	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	51 δείματος	nmod	high	Object of ἐς within the fear phrase.
51	δείματος	δεῖμα	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	40 δέξασθαι	obl	high	Agent/cause phrase with ὑπό.
52	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	41 δοκοῦσί	punct	high

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