Grammar parses for passage 9.21.4
Open translation for this passage
θηρίον δὲ τὸ ἐν τῷ Κτησίου λόγῳ τῷ ἐς Ἰνδοὺς---μαρτιχόρα ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰνδῶν, ὑπὸ δὲ Ἑλλήνων φησὶν ἀνδροφάγον λελέχθαι---εἶναι πείθομαι τὸν τίγριν·
The syntax is difficult because of the parenthetical report with ὑπὸ ... φησὶν ... λελέχθαι and the appositional/identificational relation between θηρίον and μαρτιχόρα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | θηρίον | θηρίον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 πείθομαι | xcomp | high | Predicative complement in infinitival clause; accusative subject/complement relation handled with xcomp. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 1 θηρίον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 1 θηρίον | det | high | Article with θηρίον. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 7 λόγῳ | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 λόγῳ | det | high | Article with λόγῳ. |
| 6 | Κτησίου | Κτήσιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 λόγῳ | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of λόγῳ. |
| 7 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 θηρίον | nmod | high | Head of PP modifying θηρίον. |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 λόγῳ | det | high | Article with implied/elliptical λόγῳ? likely second article for coordinated or appositive PP. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 7 λόγῳ | case | high | Preposition governing Ἰνδοὺς. |
| 10 | Ἰνδοὺς | Ἰνδός | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 λόγῳ | nmod | high | Complement of ἐς within the prepositional phrase. |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 μαρτιχόρα | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 μαρτιχόρα | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 μαρτιχόρα | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 14 | μαρτιχόρα | μαρτιχόρα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 θηρίον | appos | medium | Appositive identification of θηρίον; morphology somewhat uncertain because of indeclinable/foreign form. |
| 15 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 17 Ἰνδῶν | case | high | Agentive preposition. |
| 16 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 Ἰνδῶν | det | high | Article with Ἰνδῶν. |
| 17 | Ἰνδῶν | Ἰνδός | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 φησὶν | obl | high | Agent of passive infinitive λελέχθαι. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 φησὶν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 19 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 21 Ἑλλήνων | case | high | Agentive preposition. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 ὑπὸ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 21 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 φησὶν | obl | high | Agent of passive infinitive λελέχθαι. |
| 22 | φησὶν | φημί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 29 πείθομαι | ccomp | high | Main reported-speech verb. |
| 23 | ἀνδροφάγον | ἀνδροφάγος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 λελέχθαι | xcomp | medium | Complement/adjectival predicate with infinitive λελέχθαι; agreement somewhat uncertain. |
| 24 | λελέχθαι | λέγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 22 φησὶν | ccomp | high | Passive perfect infinitive in indirect statement. |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 εἶναι | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 εἶναι | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 εἶναι | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 28 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 29 πείθομαι | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive governed by πείθομαι. |
| 29 | πείθομαι | πείθω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 30 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 τίγριν | det | high | Article with τίγριν. |
| 31 | τίγριν | τίγρις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 εἶναι | obj | medium | Accusative object with infinitive εἶναι / object of persuasion construction; form is nonstandard for τίγρις. |
| 32 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 πείθομαι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ὀδόντας δὲ αὐτὸ τριστοίχους καθʼ ἑκατέραν τὴν γένυν καὶ κέντρα ἐπὶ ἄκρας ἔχειν τῆς οὐρᾶς, τούτοις δὲ τοῖς κέντροις ἐγγύθεν ἀμύνεσθαι καὶ ἀποπέμπειν ἐς τοὺς πορρωτέρω τοξότου ἀνδρὸς ὀιστῷ ἴσον, ταύτην οὐκ ἀληθῆ τὴν φήμην οἱ Ἰνδοὶ δέξασθαι δοκοῦσί μοι παρʼ ἀλλήλων ὑπὸ τοῦ ἄγαν ἐς τὸ θηρίον δείματος.
The syntax is highly participial/infinitival and slightly compressed; ἔχειν is treated as governing the first descriptive infinitival clause, and δοκοῦσί as the main verb with a complementary infinitive δέξασθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὀδόντας | ὀδούς | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἔχειν | obj | high | Object of ἔχειν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 13 ἔχειν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ὀδόντας | amod | medium | Likely modifying ὀδόντας: 'the same/itself'. |
| 4 | τριστοίχους | τριστοῖχος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ὀδόντας | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ὀδόντας. |
| 5 | καθʼ | κατά | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 8 γένυν | case | high | Preposition governing ἑκατέραν τὴν γένυν. |
| 6 | ἑκατέραν | ἑκάτερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 γένυν | amod | high | Modifies γένυν. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 γένυν | det | high | Article with γένυν. |
| 8 | γένυν | γένυς | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἔχειν | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ἔχειν. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 κέντρα | cc | high | Coordinates κέντρα with ὀδόντας/second object phrase. |
| 10 | κέντρα | κέντρον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἔχειν | obj | high | Second coordinated object of ἔχειν. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 12 ἄκρας | case | high | Preposition governing ἄκρας. |
| 12 | ἄκρας | ἄκρος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 κέντρα | amod | low | Likely modifies κέντρα: 'at the tips'. |
| 13 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 41 δοκοῦσί | csubj | high | Infinitival clause functioning as subject of δοκοῦσί. |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 οὐρᾶς | det | high | Article with οὐρᾶς. |
| 15 | οὐρᾶς | οὐρά | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κέντρα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of κέντρα. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔχειν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 17 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἀμύνεσθαι | obl | high | Dative with ἀμύνεσθαι/ἀποπέμπειν. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 22 ἀμύνεσθαι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 19 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 κέντροις | det | high | Article with κέντροις. |
| 20 | κέντροις | κέντρον | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἀμύνεσθαι | obl | high | Dative complement with ἐγγύθεν. |
| 21 | ἐγγύθεν | ἐγγύθεν | ADV | _ | _ | 22 ἀμύνεσθαι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀμύνεσθαι. |
| 22 | ἀμύνεσθαι | ἀμύνω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 13 ἔχειν | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive with ἔχειν. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 24 ἀποπέμπειν | cc | high | Coordinates infinitives. |
| 24 | ἀποπέμπειν | ἀποπέμπω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 22 ἀμύνεσθαι | conj | high | Coordinated with ἀμύνεσθαι. |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 26 τοὺς | case | high | Preposition governing τοὺς. |
| 26 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 πορρωτέρω | det | high | Article with πορρωτέρω. |
| 27 | πορρωτέρω | πορρώτερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἀποπέμπειν | obl | high | Object of motion with ἐς. |
| 28 | τοξότου | τοξότης | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἀνδρὸς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἀνδρός. |
| 29 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 πορρωτέρω | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of πορρωτέρω; phrase likely 'farther than an archer's man's arrow'. |
| 30 | ὀιστῷ | ὀιστός | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἴσον | nmod | medium | Dative comparison/measure with ἴσον. |
| 31 | ἴσον | ἴσος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἀποπέμπειν | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative 'equally'; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἀποπέμπειν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 33 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 φήμην | det | high | Demonstrative modifying φήμην. |
| 34 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 35 ἀληθῆ | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 35 | ἀληθῆ | ἀληθής | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 φήμην | amod | high | Attribute of φήμην. |
| 36 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 φήμην | det | high | Article with φήμην. |
| 37 | φήμην | φήμη | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 40 δέξασθαι | obj | high | Object of δέξασθαι. |
| 38 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 39 Ἰνδοὶ | det | high | Article with Ἰνδοί. |
| 39 | Ἰνδοὶ | Ἰνδός | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 41 δοκοῦσί | nsubj | high | Subject of δοκοῦσί. |
| 40 | δέξασθαι | δέχομαι | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 41 δοκοῦσί | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with δοκοῦσί. |
| 41 | δοκοῦσί | δοκέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 42 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 41 δοκοῦσί | iobj | high | Dative of opinion/apprehension. |
| 43 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 44 ἀλλήλων | case | high | Preposition governing ἀλλήλων. |
| 44 | ἀλλήλων | ἀλλήλων | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 δέξασθαι | obl | high | Dependent of δέξασθαι with παρά. |
| 45 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 47 ἄγαν | case | high | Preposition governing δείματος. |
| 46 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 51 δείματος | det | high | Article with δείματος. |
| 47 | ἄγαν | ἄγαν | ADV | _ | _ | 51 δείματος | advmod | high | Modifies δείματος. |
| 48 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 50 θηρίον | case | high | Preposition governing θηρίον. |
| 49 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 50 θηρίον | det | high | Article with θηρίον. |
| 50 | θηρίον | θηρίον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 51 δείματος | nmod | medium | Genitive-like dependent within ἐς phrase; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 51 | δείματος | δείμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 40 δέξασθαι | obl | medium | Causal/ablatival genitive phrase with ὑπό and ἐς τὸ θηρίον. |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 41 δοκοῦσί | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |