Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 9.21.5

← 9.21.4 9.21.6 →

Passage 9.21.5

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2sentences parsed

94Greek tokens

2,000input tokens

6,220output tokens

Sentence 1

9.21.5 sentence 1

Tokens: 55
Input: 1,039
Output: 3,502
Total: 4,541

ἠπατήθησαν δὲ καὶ ἐς τὴν χρόαν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ὁπότε κατὰ τοῦ ἡλίου φανείη σφίσιν ὁ τίγρις τὴν αὐγήν, ἐρυθρός τʼ ἐδόκει καὶ ὁμόχρους ἢ ὑπὸ τῆς ὠκύτητος ἢ ---εἰ μὴ θέοι--- διὰ τὸ ἐν ταῖς ἐπιστροφαῖς συνεχές, ἄλλως τε καὶ οὐκ ἐγγύθεν γινομένης τῆς θέας.

The main clause is ἠπατήθησαν ... καὶ ἐς τὴν χρόαν αὐτοῦ; a temporal ὁπότε-clause has optative φανείη with τίγρις as subject and αὐγήν as object, followed by an elliptical explanatory alternative (ἢ ... ἢ ...). Tokens 31–33 and 37–39 are editorial dash characters. The final genitive absolute explains the distant appearance; συνεχές is a substantivized neuter adjective governed by τὸ and modified by ἐν ταῖς ἐπιστροφαῖς.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἠπατήθησαν	ἀπατάω	VERB	V-AOI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἠπατήθησαν	cc	high
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἠπατήθησαν	cc	high
4	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	6 χρόαν	case	high
5	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 χρόαν	det	high
6	χρόαν	χρόα	NOUN	N-AF-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 ἠπατήθησαν	obl	high
7	αὐτοῦ	αὐτός	PRON	P-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	6 χρόαν	nmod	high	Possessive genitive.
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἠπατήθησαν	punct	high
9	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	23 ἐδόκει	cc	high	Coordinates the following temporal/explanatory clause.
10	ὁπότε	ὁπότε	SCONJ	ADV	_	14 φανείη	mark	high
11	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	PREP	_	13 ἡλίου	case	high
12	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ἡλίου	det	high
13	ἡλίου	ἥλιος	NOUN	N-GM-S	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 φανείη	obl	high
14	φανείη	φαίνω	VERB	V-2AOE-3S	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	23 ἐδόκει	advcl	high	Temporal optative; subject is ὁ τίγρις.
15	σφίσιν	σφεῖς	PRON	P-3DP	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	14 φανείη	iobj	high
16	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 τίγρις	det	high
17	τίγρις	τίγρις	NOUN	N-NM-S	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 φανείη	nsubj	high	Masculine noun here, despite variable gender elsewhere.
18	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 αὐγήν	det	high
19	αὐγήν	αὐγή	NOUN	N-AF-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 φανείη	obj	high
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	14 φανείη	punct	high
21	ἐρυθρός	ἐρυθρός	ADJ	A-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 ἐδόκει	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with ἐδόκει.
22	τʼ	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	23 ἐδόκει	cc	high	Enclitic τε.
23	ἐδόκει	δοκέω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	1 ἠπατήθησαν	conj	high	Impersonal/raising-like appearance predicate with nominative predicate adjectives.
24	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	23 ἐδόκει	cc	high
25	ὁμόχρους	ὁμόχρους	ADJ	A-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 ἐδόκει	xcomp	high	Coordinated predicate adjective.
26	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	23 ἐδόκει	cc	medium	Introduces an elliptical causal alternative.
27	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	29 ὠκύτητος	case	high
28	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 ὠκύτητος	det	high
29	ὠκύτητος	ὠκύτης	NOUN	N-GF-S	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 ἐδόκει	obl	high	Cause/source phrase: 'because of swiftness'.
30	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	23 ἐδόκει	cc	medium	Second member of elliptical alternative.
31	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	23 ἐδόκει	punct	high	Editorial dash.
32	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	23 ἐδόκει	punct	high	Editorial dash.
33	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	23 ἐδόκει	punct	high	Editorial dash.
34	εἰ	εἰ	SCONJ	CONJ	_	36 θέοι	mark	high
35	μὴ	μή	PART	PRT	Polarity=Neg	36 θέοι	advmod	high
36	θέοι	θέω	VERB	V-PAO-3S	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	45 συνεχές	advcl	medium	Optative in parenthetic conditional clause; exact attachment is elliptical.
37	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	23 ἐδόκει	punct	high	Editorial dash.
38	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	23 ἐδόκει	punct	high	Editorial dash.
39	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	23 ἐδόκει	punct	high	Editorial dash.
40	διὰ	διά	ADP	PREP	_	45 συνεχές	case	high
41	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	45 συνεχές	det	high	Article substantivizes συνεχές.
42	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	44 ἐπιστροφαῖς	case	high
43	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	44 ἐπιστροφαῖς	det	high
44	ἐπιστροφαῖς	ἐπιστροφή	NOUN	N-DPF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	45 συνεχές	obl	high
45	συνεχές	συνεχής	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	23 ἐδόκει	obl	medium	Substantivized neuter after διὰ τὸ; could be analyzed as an elliptical causal complement.
46	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	23 ἐδόκει	punct	high
47	ἄλλως	ἄλλως	ADV	ADV	_	52 γινομένης	advmod	high
48	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	49 καὶ	cc	high	Correlative τε ... καί.
49	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	52 γινομένης	cc	high	Correlative τε ... καί.
50	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	PRT	Polarity=Neg	52 γινομένης	advmod	high
51	ἐγγύθεν	ἐγγύθεν	ADV	ADV	_	52 γινομένης	advmod	high
52	γινομένης	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-PMP-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	23 ἐδόκει	advcl	high	Genitive absolute with θέας.
53	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	54 θέας	det	high
54	θέας	θέα	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	52 γινομένης	nsubj	high	Subject of genitive absolute.
55	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἠπατήθησαν	punct	high

Sentence 2

9.21.5 sentence 2

Tokens: 39
Input: 961
Output: 2,718
Total: 3,679

δοκῶ δέ, εἰ καὶ Λιβύης τις ἢ τῆς Ἰνδῶν ἢ Ἀράβων γῆς ἐπέρχοιτο τὰ ἔσχατα ἐθέλων θηρία ὁπόσα παρʼ Ἕλλησιν ἐξευρεῖν, τὰ μὲν οὐδὲ ἀρχὴν αὐτὸν εὑρήσειν, τὰ δὲ οὐ κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἔχειν φανεῖσθαί οἱ·

The sentence has indirect-statement infinitives after δοκῶ; the εἰ-clause modifies the implied situation, and the second τὰ μέν/τὰ δέ member is syntactically compressed, especially ἔχειν φανεῖσθαι.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	δοκῶ	δοκέω	VERB	V-PAI-1S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δέ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 δοκῶ	cc	high
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 δοκῶ	punct	high
4	εἰ	εἰ	SCONJ	CONJ	_	14 ἐπέρχοιτο	mark	high
5	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 Λιβύης	cc	high
6	Λιβύης	Λιβύη	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ἐπέρχοιτο	obl	medium	Genitive with τις, in an elliptical geographical expression.
7	τις	τις	PRON	X-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 ἐπέρχοιτο	nsubj	medium	Indefinite subject of ἐπέρχοιτο; coordinated geography is elliptically construed.
8	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 Λιβύης	cc	high
9	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 γῆς	det	high
10	Ἰνδῶν	Ἰνδός	PROPN	N-GP	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 γῆς	nmod	medium	Ethnic plural genitive modifying γῆς.
11	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	13 γῆς	cc	high
12	Ἀράβων	Ἄραψ	PROPN	N-GP	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 γῆς	nmod	medium	Ethnic plural genitive modifying γῆς.
13	γῆς	γῆ	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 Λιβύης	conj	medium	Coordinated genitive geographical complement.
14	ἐπέρχοιτο	ἐπέρχομαι	VERB	V-OPT-3S	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	1 δοκῶ	ccomp	high	Optative in the εἰ-clause, with subject τις.
15	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 ἔσχατα	det	high
16	ἔσχατα	ἔσχατος	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	14 ἐπέρχοιτο	advmod	medium	Substantivized phrase, ‘the remotest regions’; adverbial accusative with ἐπέρχομαι.
17	ἐθέλων	ἐθέλω	VERB	V-PAP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	14 ἐπέρχοιτο	advcl	high
18	θηρία	θηρίον	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	22 ἐξευρεῖν	obj	high
19	ὁπόσα	ὁπόσος	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	18 θηρία	amod	high	Relative quantifier modifying θηρία.
20	παρʼ	παρά	ADP	P+D	AdpType=Prep	21 Ἕλλησιν	case	high
21	Ἕλλησιν	Ἕλλην	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 ἐξευρεῖν	obl	high
22	ἐξευρεῖν	ἐξευρίσκω	VERB	V-AAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	17 ἐθέλων	xcomp	high	Infinitive dependent on ἐθέλων.
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἐπέρχοιτο	punct	high
24	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	27 ἀρχὴν	det	high
25	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	27 ἀρχὴν	discourse	high
26	οὐδὲ	οὐδέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	27 ἀρχὴν	advmod	high	Negative additive particle, ‘not even’.
27	ἀρχὴν	ἀρχή	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 εὑρήσειν	advmod	medium	Accusative adverbial expression οὐδὲ ἀρχήν, ‘not at all’.
28	αὐτὸν	αὐτός	PRON	P-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	29 εὑρήσειν	obj	high
29	εὑρήσειν	εὑρίσκω	VERB	V-FAI	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Fut\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	14 ἐπέρχοιτο	ccomp	high	Future infinitive in indirect statement after δοκῶ.
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	29 εὑρήσειν	punct	high
31	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	36 ἔχειν	det	high
32	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	36 ἔχειν	cc	high
33	οὐ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	36 ἔχειν	advmod	high
34	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	P-ACC	AdpType=Prep	35 ταὐτὰ	case	high
35	ταὐτὰ	ὁ αὐτός	PRON	P-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	36 ἔχειν	obl	high	Substantivized phrase, ‘in the same way’.
36	ἔχειν	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	37 φανεῖσθαί	xcomp	high	Infinitive coordinated semantically with εὑρήσειν.
37	φανεῖσθαί	φαίνομαι	VERB	V-ANM	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	29 εὑρήσειν	ccomp	medium	Infinitive of appearance/manifestation; exact attachment of ἔχειν is syntactically compressed.
38	οἱ	οἱ	PRON	P-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	37 φανεῖσθαί	iobj	high	Dative of reference.
39	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	1 δοκῶ	punct	high

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