Pausanias Analysis

οὐ γὰρ δὴ ἄνθρωπος μόνον ὁμοῦ τῷ ἀέρι καὶ τῇ γῇ διαφόροις οὖσι διάφορον κτᾶται καὶ τὸ εἶδος, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τὸ αὐτὸ ἂν πάσχοι τοῦτο,

The first clause has ἄνθρωπος as subject of κτᾶται, with τῷ ἀέρι καὶ τῇ γῇ governed by ὁμοῦ and διαφόροις οὖσι agreeing with the coordinated datives; the second clause is a counterfactual/general potential, with τὰ λοιπὰ as subject of πάσχοι and τοῦτο as its object/predicate-like demonstrative.

ἐπεὶ καὶ τὰ θηρία αἱ ἀσπίδες τοῦτο μὲν ἔχουσιν αἱ Λίβυσσαι παρὰ τὰς Αἰγυπτίας τὴν χρόαν, τοῦτο δὲ ἐν Αἰθιοπίᾳ μελαίνας τὰς ἀσπίδας οὐ μεῖον ἢ καὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἡ γῆ τρέφει.

The sentence has an initial concessive/causal ἐπεί-clause: the Libyan women have shields whose color differs from the Egyptian ones, while in Ethiopia the earth nourishes black shields no less than people. Tokens 3–6 are a fronted subject-like phrase with an implicit/elliptical predicate or appositional relation; the core finite predicates are ἔχουσιν and τρέφει. The comparison with παρὰ takes accusative, and οὐ μεῖον ἢ introduces an emphatic comparison.

οὕτω χρὴ πάντα τινὰ μήτε ἐπίδρομον τὴν γνώμην μήτε ἀπίστως ἔχειν ἐς τὰ σπανιώτερα,

Impersonal χρὴ governs the coordinated μήτε...μήτε infinitives; πάντα τινά is the accusative subject of ἔχειν, with τὴν γνώμην as its object and ἐπίδρομον/ἀπίστως as coordinated predicates or manner complements. The second μήτε coordinates ἀπίστως ἔχειν with μήτε ἐπίδρομον ... ἔχειν.

ἐπεί τοι καὶ ἐγὼ πτερωτοὺς ὄφεις οὐ θεασάμενος πείθομαι· πείθομαι δὲ ὅτι ἀνὴρ Φρὺξ ἤγαγεν ἐς Ἰωνίαν σκορπίον ταῖς ἀκρίσιν ὁμοιότατα πτερὰ ἔχοντα.

The first πείθομαι is governed by ἐπεί and takes the participial circumstance θεασάμενος; the second introduces an ὅτι clause. In the ὅτι clause, ἀνήρ Φρὺξ is subject, σκορπίον is the object of ἤγαγεν, and ἔχοντα agrees with σκορπίον; ταῖς ἀκρίσιν is a dative of comparison/reference with ὁμοιότατα.