Grammar parses for passage 9.22.4
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ καὶ γένη δύο ἐνταῦθα ἀλεκτρυόνων, οἵ τε μάχιμοι καὶ οἱ κόσσυφοι καλούμενοι.
Existential εἰμί introduces γένη as subject, with δύο agreeing in neuter plural; ἐνταῦθα and the genitive ἀλεκτρυόνων specify the setting and kind. The relative clause apposes the two kinds: οἵ ... μάχιμοι and οἱ κόσσυφοι καλούμενοι; the participle καλούμενοι is passive and agrees with κόσσυφοι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 γένη | cop | high | Existential copula; singular form with neuter plural subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 γένη | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 γένη | advmod | high | Additive particle/adverb. |
| 4 | γένη | γένος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential subject. |
| 5 | δύο | δύο | NUM | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 γένη | nummod | high | Numeral modifying γένη. |
| 6 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 γένη | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 7 | ἀλεκτρυόνων | ἀλεκτρυών | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 γένη | nmod | medium | Genitive of kind/specification: kinds of roosters. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 4 γένη | punct | high | |
| 9 | οἵ | ὅς | PRON | P-GNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 μάχιμοι | nsubj | medium | Relative pronoun introducing an appositional classification; masculine by semantic agreement with ἀλεκτρυόνων. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 μάχιμοι | cc | high | Correlative τε in the first member. |
| 11 | μάχιμοι | μάχιμος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 γένη | appos | medium | First appositional type; οἵ is its subject. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 κόσσυφοι | cc | high | Coordinates the two types. |
| 13 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 κόσσυφοι | det | high | Article substantivizing/identifying κόσσυφοι. |
| 14 | κόσσυφοι | κόσσυφος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 γένη | appos | high | Second appositional type. |
| 15 | καλούμενοι | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 14 κόσσυφοι | acl | high | Passive present participle: 'called/named'; agrees with κόσσυφοι. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 4 γένη | punct | high |
τούτων τῶν κοσσύφων μέγεθος μὲν κατὰ τοὺς Λυδούς ἐστιν ὄρνιθας, χρόα δὲ ἐμφερὴς κόρακι, κάλλαια δὲ καὶ ὁ λόφος κατὰ ἀνεμώνην μάλιστα·
The sentence has coordinated, partly elliptical descriptive predicates: μέγεθος ... ἐστιν ὄρνιθας, then χρόα ... ἐμφερής and κάλλαια ... καὶ ὁ λόφος; the accusative χρόα and κάλλαια are syntactically awkward, so those analyses are marked medium confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτων | οὗτος | DET | D-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 3 κοσσύφων | det | high | |
| 2 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 κοσσύφων | det | high | |
| 3 | κοσσύφων | κόσσυφος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 μέγεθος | nmod | high | |
| 4 | μέγεθος | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν; predicate comparison follows. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G- | _ | 4 μέγεθος | discourse | high | |
| 6 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 8 Λυδούς | case | high | |
| 7 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 Λυδούς | det | high | |
| 8 | Λυδούς | Λυδός | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐστιν | obl | medium | κατά + accusative introduces the comparison standard. |
| 9 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | ὄρνιθας | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Accusative plural is retained with the comparative/measure expression; syntax is elliptical or textually awkward. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 12 | χρόα | χροιά | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐμφερὴς | obj | medium | Accusative of respect with ἐμφερής; nominative χροιά would also be expected in a coordinate clause. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 14 ἐμφερὴς | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἐμφερὴς | ἐμφερής | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστιν | conj | medium | Predicate adjective in the second μέν...δέ member; agrees semantically with implied χροιά despite its overt accusative. |
| 15 | κόρακι | κόραξ | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐμφερὴς | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐμφερής. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐμφερὴς | punct | high | |
| 17 | κάλλαια | κάλλαιον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐστιν | conj | medium | Third coordinated predicate/content element; lexical form and agreement are somewhat uncertain. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 17 κάλλαια | cc | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G- | _ | 21 λόφος | cc | high | |
| 20 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 λόφος | det | high | |
| 21 | λόφος | λόφος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 κάλλαια | conj | medium | Coordinated with κάλλαια; predicate nominal construction is elliptical. |
| 22 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 23 ἀνεμώνην | case | high | |
| 23 | ἀνεμώνην | ἀνεμώνη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 κάλλαια | obl | high | κατά + accusative, comparison to an anemone. |
| 24 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-S | Degree=Sup | 17 κάλλαια | advmod | high | |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | punct | high |
λευκὰ δὲ σημεῖα οὐ μεγάλα ἐπί τε ἄκρῳ τῷ ῥάμφει καὶ ἐπὶ ἄκρας ἔχουσι τῆς οὐρᾶς.
The coordinated prepositional phrases modify ἔχουσι: marks are at the tip of the beak and at the tip/end of the tail. ἄκρας is an accusative singular adjective used substantivally with an understood point/tip, while τῆς οὐρᾶς is a genitive dependent on it; the exact semantic relation of the second phrase is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λευκὰ | λευκός | ADJ | A--NPNA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 σημεῖα | amod | high | Neuter plural nominative, agreeing with σημεῖα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἔχουσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | σημεῖα | σημεῖον | NOUN | N--NPNA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἔχουσι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔχουσι. |
| 4 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 5 μεγάλα | advmod | high | Negates μεγάλα. |
| 5 | μεγάλα | μέγας | ADJ | A--NPNA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 σημεῖα | amod | high | Neuter plural nominative, agreeing with σημεῖα; οὐ μεγάλα means 'not large'. |
| 6 | ἐπί | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 ἄκρῳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative ἄκρῳ. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἐπί | cc | medium | Postpositive enclitic coordinating the first prepositional phrase with the following καὶ phrase. |
| 8 | ἄκρῳ | ἄκρος | ADJ | A--DSNA- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ῥάμφει | amod | high | Neuter dative singular, substantivally 'tip/end', with τῷ ῥάμφει. |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L--DSNA- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ῥάμφει | det | high | Article with ῥάμφει. |
| 10 | ῥάμφει | ῥάμφος | NOUN | N--DSNA- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἔχουσι | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπί, expressing location. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἐπὶ | cc | high | Coordinates the second prepositional phrase with the first. |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 ἄκρας | case | high | Preposition governing accusative ἄκρας. |
| 13 | ἄκρας | ἄκρος | ADJ | A--APNA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἔχουσι | obl | medium | Feminine accusative singular, substantival 'tip/end'; τῆς οὐρᾶς specifies the tail. |
| 14 | ἔχουσι | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate, 'they have/bear'. |
| 15 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 οὐρᾶς | det | high | Article with οὐρᾶς. |
| 16 | οὐρᾶς | οὐρά | NOUN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἄκρας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on substantival ἄκρας, 'of the tail'. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔχουσι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |