Grammar parses for passage 9.24.5
Open translation for this passage
ἐκ δὲ Κυρτώνων ὑπερβάλλοντι τὸ ὄρος πόλισμά ἐστι Κορσεία, ὑπὸ δὲ αὐτῷ δένδρων ἄλσος οὐχ ἡμέρων· πρῖνοι τὸ πολύ εἰσιν.
The first clause has a dative circumstantial participle (ὑπερβάλλοντι) with τὸ ὄρος as its syncretic accusative object; the second nominal clause is coordinated with omitted/copular ἐστι, followed by an independent specification clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 4 ὑπερβάλλοντι | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ὑπερβάλλοντι | cc | high | |
| 3 | Κυρτώνων | Κυρτώνες | PROPN | NPM-GEN-PL | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ὑπερβάλλοντι | obl | high | Place name in the genitive after ἐκ. |
| 4 | ὑπερβάλλοντι | ὑπερβάλλω | VERB | V-PAP-D-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἐστι | advcl | medium | Dative circumstantial participle, likely agreeing with an understood traveler/person: on crossing the mountain. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ὄρος | det | high | |
| 6 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ὑπερβάλλοντι | obj | medium | Accusative-like object is expected semantically with ὑπερβάλλω; transmitted form is nominative/accusative syncretic. |
| 7 | πόλισμά | πόλισμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | Κορσεία | Κορσεία | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πόλισμά | appos | high | Name identifying πόλισμα; feminine proper name. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστι | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | Case=Dat | 13 αὐτῷ | case | high | With dative, indicating position beneath. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἄλσος | cc | high | |
| 13 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 15 ἄλσος | obl | high | Refers to τὸ ὄρος. |
| 14 | δένδρων | δένδρον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἄλσος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄλσος, grove of trees. |
| 15 | ἄλσος | ἄλσος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστι | conj | high | Coordinated nominal clause with omitted/copular ἐστι. |
| 16 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | PART-NEG | Polarity=Neg | 17 ἡμέρων | advmod | high | |
| 17 | ἡμέρων | ἥμερος | ADJ | A-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 δένδρων | amod | high | Agrees with δένδρων. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἄλσος | punct | high | |
| 19 | πρῖνοι | πρῖνος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 πολύ | det | high | Article substantivizing πολύ in the expression τὸ πολύ. |
| 21 | πολύ | πολύς | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 εἰσιν | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘for the most part’; τὸ πολύ is an idiom. |
| 22 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 ἄλσος | parataxis | high | Independent follow-up clause specifying the trees. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 εἰσιν | punct | high |
Ἑρμοῦ δὲ ἄγαλμα οὐ μέγα ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ τοῦ ἄλσους ἕστηκε.
Ἑρμοῦ is a genitive of possession/association with ἄγαλμα; ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ τοῦ ἄλσους is a locative phrase, with τοῦ ἄλσους dependent on ὑπαίθρῳ. ἕστηκε is perfect active with stative present meaning ‘stands’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἑρμοῦ | Ἑρμῆς | PROPN | N--GM-S-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 10 ἕστηκε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N--NN-S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἕστηκε | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | _ | 5 μέγα | advmod | high | |
| 5 | μέγα | μέγας | ADJ | A--NN-S-- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἄγαλμα | amod | high | |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 7 ὑπαίθρῳ | case | high | |
| 7 | ὑπαίθρῳ | ὕπαιθρος | NOUN | N--DN-S-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἕστηκε | obl | high | Locative dative governed by ἐν. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S--GN-S-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἄλσους | det | high | |
| 9 | ἄλσους | ἄλσος | NOUN | N--GN-S-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ὑπαίθρῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὑπαίθρῳ: ‘open space of the grove’. |
| 10 | ἕστηκε | ἵστημι | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect active, stative/intransitive: ‘stands’. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἕστηκε | punct | high |
τοῦτο ἀπέχει Κορσείας ὅσον τε ἥμισυ σταδίου.
The phrase ὅσον τε ἥμισυ σταδίου is a quantitative distance complement; τε is treated as a connective particle within that phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD--ASN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 2 ἀπέχει | nsubj | high | Demonstrative subject of ἀπέχει. |
| 2 | ἀπέχει | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate, ‘is distant’. |
| 3 | Κορσείας | Κόρσεια | PROPN | NPAF-S-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Proper=Yes | 2 ἀπέχει | obl | high | Genitive of distance or separation. |
| 4 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADV | P--ASM | Degree=Pos | 7 σταδίου | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, introducing the measured extent. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 4 ὅσον | cc | medium | Postpositive connective particle in the quantitative phrase. |
| 6 | ἥμισυ | ἥμισυς | ADJ | A---ASN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 σταδίου | amod | high | Neuter accusative agreeing with σταδίου as a measure expression. |
| 7 | σταδίου | στάδιον | NOUN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ἀπέχει | obl | high | Genitive of measure; ὅσον ἥμισυ σταδίου means ‘about half a stadion’. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἀπέχει | punct | high |
καταβάντων δὲ ἐς τὸ χθαμαλὸν ποταμὸς Πλατάνιος καλούμενος ἐκδίδωσιν ἐς θάλασσαν·
Genitive absolute καταβάντων δὲ sets the circumstance ‘after descending’; ποταμὸς is the subject of ἐκδίδωσιν, with Πλατάνιος as an attributive/appositional name and καλούμενος as a supplementary participle referring to it.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καταβάντων | καταβαίνω | VERB | V-PAAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἐκδίδωσιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle; subject is implicit/understood from context. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 1 καταβάντων | cc | high | Postpositive connective within the genitive absolute. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P- | _ | 5 χθαμαλὸν | case | high | Preposition governing the neuter accusative phrase. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 χθαμαλὸν | det | high | |
| 5 | χθαμαλὸν | χθαμαλός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 καταβάντων | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the low-lying place’; object of ἐς. |
| 6 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐκδίδωσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | Πλατάνιος | Πλατάνιος | PROPN | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ποταμὸς | appos | medium | River name; syntactically appositional to ποταμός. |
| 8 | καλούμενος | καλέω | VERB | V-PPMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 6 ποταμὸς | acl | high | Attributive/supplementary participle agreeing with ποταμός. |
| 9 | ἐκδίδωσιν | ἐκδίδωμι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P- | _ | 11 θάλασσαν | case | high | Preposition governing θάλασσαν. |
| 11 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐκδίδωσιν | obl | high | Goal/destination complement of ἐκδίδωσιν. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐκδίδωσιν | punct | high |
ἐν δεξιᾷ δὲ τοῦ ποταμοῦ Βοιωτῶν ἔσχατοι ταύτῃ πόλισμα οἰκοῦσιν Ἁλὰς ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ, ἣ τὴν Λοκρίδα ἤπειρον ἀπὸ τῆς Εὐβοίας διείργει.
The clause has an elliptical/locative construction: οἰκοῦσιν governs Ἁλὰς as the settlement inhabited, with ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ ποταμοῦ and ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ as locatives; ἣ introduces a relative clause modifying Ἁλὰς. Βοιωτῶν is treated as a genitive dependent on ἔσχατοι, though the local syntax is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 2 δεξιᾷ | case | high | |
| 2 | δεξιᾷ | δεξιός | NOUN | A-SF3 | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 οἰκοῦσιν | obl | high | Substantivized feminine adjective, ‘right side’. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 10 οἰκοῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-SM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ποταμοῦ | det | high | |
| 5 | ποταμοῦ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 δεξιᾷ | nmod | high | |
| 6 | Βοιωτῶν | Βοιωτός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἔσχατοι | nmod | medium | Compressed genitive relation with ἔσχατοι; possibly an ethnic/genitive of reference. |
| 7 | ἔσχατοι | ἔσχατος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 οἰκοῦσιν | amod | medium | Predicative/descriptive adjective agreeing with an implicit masculine plural subject of οἰκοῦσιν. |
| 8 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | ADV | D-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 10 οἰκοῦσιν | advmod | medium | Dative demonstrative used adverbially, ‘here/in this place’. |
| 9 | πόλισμα | πόλισμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 οἰκοῦσιν | obj | high | |
| 10 | οἰκοῦσιν | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | Ἁλὰς | Ἁλαί | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 πόλισμα | appos | medium | Place-name in the plural accusative, appositional to πόλισμα. |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 13 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | |
| 13 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Ἁλὰς | obl | high | Locative dative with ἐπί. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 οἰκοῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἣ | ὅς | PRON | R-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 22 διείργει | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Ἁλὰς. |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-SF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 Λοκρίδα | det | high | |
| 17 | Λοκρίδα | Λοκρίς | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἤπειρον | nmod | high | Attributive genitive-like place designation is expressed in apposition/nominal modification with ἤπειρον. |
| 18 | ἤπειρον | ἤπειρος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 διείργει | obj | high | |
| 19 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 21 Εὐβοίας | case | high | |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-SF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Εὐβοίας | det | high | |
| 21 | Εὐβοίας | Εὔβοια | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 διείργει | obl | high | |
| 22 | διείργει | διείργω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 10 οἰκοῦσιν | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate; subject is ἣ. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 οἰκοῦσιν | punct | high |