Grammar parses for passage 9.25.1
Open translation for this passage
Θηβαίοις δὲ τῶν πυλῶν ἐστιν ἐγγύτατα τῶν Νηιστῶν Μενοικέως μνῆμα τοῦ Κρέοντος·
Existential εἰμί has predicate ἐγγύτατα; Θηβαίοις is the dative possessor/experiencer, while τῶν Νηιστῶν modifies πυλῶν and Μενοικέως μνῆμα is the subject, with τοῦ Κρέοντος in apposition/genitive relation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θηβαίοις | Θηβαῖος | NOUN | N--DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐστιν | iobj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T--GFP | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 πυλῶν | det | high | |
| 4 | πυλῶν | πύλη | NOUN | N--GFP | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἐγγύτατα | obl | high | Genitive of comparison/locative specification with ἐγγύτατα. |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 μνῆμα | cop | high | |
| 6 | ἐγγύτατα | ἐγγύς | ADV | D-------- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 μνῆμα | advmod | high | Superlative adverb functioning as predicate locative expression. |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Νηιστῶν | det | high | |
| 8 | Νηιστῶν | Νηιστός | PROPN | N--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 πυλῶν | nmod | high | Proper ethnic/place name; genitive dependent on πυλῶν. |
| 9 | Μενοικέως | Μενοικεύς | PROPN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 μνῆμα | nmod | high | Personal name in the genitive, modifying μνῆμα. |
| 10 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Κρέοντος | det | high | |
| 12 | Κρέοντος | Κρέων | PROPN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Μενοικέως | appos | high | Appositional identification of Μενοικεύς; could alternatively be analyzed as a dependent genitive of μνῆμα. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ἀπέκτεινε δὲ ἑκουσίως αὑτὸν κατὰ τὸ μάντευμα τὸ ἐκ Δελφῶν, ἡνίκα Πολυνείκης καὶ ὁ σὺν αὐτῷ στρατὸς ἀφίκοντο ἐξ Ἄργους.
Main verb ἀπέκτεινε governs reflexive αὑτόν; κατὰ τὸ μάντευμα introduces the oracle condition, with τὸ ἐκ Δελφῶν modifying μάντευμα. ἡνίκα introduces a temporal clause whose subject is coordinated Πολυνείκης and στρατός; σὺν αὐτῷ modifies στρατός. The subject is semantically somewhat unusual because ἀφίκοντο is plural with a coordinated subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπέκτεινε | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | VPAI3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 1 ἀπέκτεινε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἑκουσίως | ἑκουσίως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 ἀπέκτεινε | advmod | high | |
| 4 | αὑτὸν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P----ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 1 ἀπέκτεινε | obj | high | Reflexive object of ἀπέκτεινε. |
| 5 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 μάντευμα | case | high | With accusative τὸ μάντευμα. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L----ASN- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 7 μάντευμα | det | high | |
| 7 | μάντευμα | μάντευμα | NOUN | N----ASN- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 1 ἀπέκτεινε | obl | high | Object of κατά in the sense 'according to the oracle'; adjunct of the main verb. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L----NSN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 7 μάντευμα | det | medium | Article with substantivized/elliptical participial phrase; form agrees with μάντευμα if treated as an appositional article. |
| 9 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Δελφῶν | case | high | |
| 10 | Δελφῶν | Δελφοί | PROPN | N----GP- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 7 μάντευμα | nmod | medium | ἐκ Δελφῶν modifies the oracle; token 8 likely belongs with this phrase. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπέκτεινε | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἀφίκοντο | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 13 | Πολυνείκης | Πολυνείκης | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 19 ἀφίκοντο | nsubj | high | First member of coordinated subject. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 18 στρατὸς | cc | high | |
| 15 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--NSM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 18 στρατὸς | det | high | Article introducing the noun στρατός. |
| 16 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 17 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P----DSM- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular|Person=3 | 18 στρατὸς | nmod | high | Dative complement of σύν, modifying στρατός. |
| 18 | στρατὸς | στρατός | NOUN | N--NSM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 13 Πολυνείκης | conj | high | Second coordinated subject; singular form with plural verbal agreement by coordination. |
| 19 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | VPIM3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 1 ἀπέκτεινε | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate predicate. |
| 20 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 Ἄργους | case | high | |
| 21 | Ἄργους | Ἄργος | PROPN | N--GPN- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 19 ἀφίκοντο | obl | high | Source complement of ἀφίκοντο. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπέκτεινε | punct | high |
τοῦ δὲ Μενοικέως ἐπιπέφυκε ῥοιὰ τῷ μνήματι· τοῦ καρποῦ δὲ ὄντος πεπείρου διαρρήξαντί σοι τὸ ἐκτὸς λοιπόν ἐστιν εὑρεῖν τὸ ἔνδον αἵματι ἐμφερές.
The sentence contains a genitive absolute (τοῦ καρποῦ ... ὄντος) and a difficult dative participial phrase (διαρρήξαντί σοι); the second clause is best treated as an impersonal/copular construction with εὑρεῖν as its infinitival complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Sg-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Μενοικέως | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 4 ἐπιπέφυκε | cc | high | |
| 3 | Μενοικέως | Μενοικεύς | PROPN | Propn-Gen-Sg-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ῥοιὰ | nmod | high | |
| 4 | ἐπιπέφυκε | ἐπιφύω | VERB | V-RPA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect form denotes growth or having sprung up. |
| 5 | ῥοιὰ | ῥοιά | NOUN | N-NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπιπέφυκε | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Art-Dat-Sg-Neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 μνήματι | det | high | |
| 7 | μνήματι | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-DDS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπιπέφυκε | obl | high | |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐπιπέφυκε | punct | high | |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Sg-Neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 καρποῦ | det | high | |
| 10 | καρποῦ | καρπός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ὄντος | nsubj | medium | Genitive absolute with ὄντος; article gender is morphologically inconsistent if read literally. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 12 ὄντος | cc | high | |
| 12 | ὄντος | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 ἐστιν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute; semantic agreement with καρποῦ is expected despite the transmitted article. |
| 13 | πεπείρου | πέπειρος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 καρποῦ | amod | high | |
| 14 | διαρρήξαντί | διαρρήγνυμι | VERB | V-AAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 εὑρεῖν | advcl | medium | Dative participle, likely attendant to the implied addressee or a dative absolute-like construction. |
| 15 | σοι | σύ | PRON | P-DYS | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs | 14 διαρρήξαντί | iobj | medium | Dative associated with διαρρήξαντι; may be construed as the agent/experiencer of the action. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐκτὸς | det | high | |
| 17 | ἐκτὸς | ἐκτός | ADV | Adv | _ | 18 λοιπόν | advmod | high | Substantivized/adverbial expression with the article. |
| 18 | λοιπόν | λοιπός | ADJ | A-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 εὑρεῖν | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘thereafter/remaining’; possibly connected to the object phrase τὸ ἐκτός. |
| 19 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/impersonal predicate with infinitival complement; coordination with the preceding clause is loose. |
| 20 | εὑρεῖν | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | |
| 21 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἔνδον | det | high | |
| 22 | ἔνδον | ἔνδον | ADV | Adv | _ | 20 εὑρεῖν | obj | medium | Substantivized adverb, ‘the inside’; article supplies nominalization. |
| 23 | αἵματι | αἷμα | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἐμφερές | obl | high | |
| 24 | ἐμφερές | ἐμφερής | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἔνδον | amod | medium | Predicate-like adjective agreeing with the implied neuter τὸ ἔνδον; transmitted form is nominative/accusative syncretic. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐστιν | punct | high |
αὕτη μὲν δὴ τεθηλὸς δένδρον ἐστὶν ἡ ῥοιά·
Copular clause: αὕτη is the demonstrative subject, ῥοιά the predicate nominative, and τεθηλὸς δένδρον is a predicate description agreeing with the understood/explicit subject in sense; τεθηλὸς is neuter nominative singular, agreeing with δένδρον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὕτη | οὗτος | PRON | PD--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 6 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 1 αὕτη | discourse | high | Correlative particle; counterpart may be understood from context. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Df | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τεθηλὸς | θάλλω | ADJ | AANNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 δένδρον | amod | medium | Perfect active participial adjective, neuter nominative singular; some analyses may treat the phrase as a predicative complement. |
| 5 | δένδρον | δένδρον | NOUN | NbNNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ῥοιά | appos | medium | Predicative noun apposed to ῥοιά; alternatively analyzable as a secondary predicate complement of ἐστίν. |
| 6 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V3P-SAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | RA--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ῥοιά | det | high | |
| 8 | ῥοιά | ῥοιά | NOUN | NbNFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστὶν | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative after εἰμί; UD often uses xcomp for a nominal complement of a copula. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
ἄμπελον δὲ φῦναι μὲν οἱ Θηβαῖοι παρὰ σφίσι πρώτοις φασὶν ἀνθρώπων, ἀποφῆναι δὲ οὐδὲν ἔτι ἐς αὐτὴν ὑπόμνημα εἶχον.
The second infinitival sequence is syntactically compressed: ἀποφῆναι is taken with εἶχον, while οἱ Θηβαῖοι remains the understood subject; ὑπόμνημα is analyzed as the neuter subject of εἶχον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἄμπελον | ἄμπελος | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 φῦναι | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 10 φασὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | φῦναι | φύω | VERB | v--ana--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Infinitive subject/object complement of φασίν; ἄμπελον is its accusative subject. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | d-------- | _ | 3 φῦναι | discourse | high | |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Θηβαῖοι | det | high | |
| 6 | Θηβαῖοι | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | a-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 φασὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | r-------- | _ | 8 σφίσι | case | high | |
| 8 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | p-p---md- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 3 φῦναι | obl | high | παρὰ σφίσι means 'among themselves/among them'. |
| 9 | πρώτοις | πρῶτος | ADJ | a-p---md- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 φῦναι | obl | medium | Substantival dative, 'first among men'; syntactic attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 10 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 πρώτοις | obl | medium | Genitive of comparison/partitive with πρώτοις. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 φασὶν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἀποφῆναι | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | v--ana--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 20 εἶχον | xcomp | medium | Second coordinated infinitival proposition; its understood subject is οἱ Θηβαῖοι. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 13 ἀποφῆναι | cc | high | |
| 15 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | p-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἀποφῆναι | obj | high | Accusative neuter, 'nothing'. |
| 16 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | d-------- | _ | 20 εἶχον | advmod | high | |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 18 αὐτὴν | case | high | |
| 18 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 13 ἀποφῆναι | obl | high | ἐς αὐτήν refers to the vine. |
| 19 | ὑπόμνημα | ὑπόμνημα | NOUN | n-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 εἶχον | nsubj | medium | Subject of εἶχον in an impersonal/elliptical construction. |
| 20 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | v3piia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 10 φασὶν | conj | medium | Coordinated finite clause; subject οἱ Θηβαῖοι is understood. The infinitive ἀποφῆναι is linked as its complement. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 φασὶν | punct | high |