Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 9.25.9

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Passage 9.25.9

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Sentence 1

9.25.9 sentence 1

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τὰ γὰρ δὴ δρώμενα ἐν Θήβαις ἐτόλμησαν ἐν Ναυπάκτῳ κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἰδιῶται δρᾶσαι, καὶ σφᾶς οὐ μετὰ πολὺ ἐπέλαβεν ἡ δίκη.

The neuter plural subject τὰ δρώμενα is fronted and resumed conceptually by the infinitive δρᾶσαι as the complement of ἐτόλμησαν; ἰδιῶται is the infinitival subject. In the second clause, σφᾶς is the accusative object of ἐπέλαβεν, with ἡ δίκη as subject.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T------NPA	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	4 δρώμενα	det	high
2	γὰρ	γάρ	CCONJ	Df	_	7 ἐτόλμησαν	cc	high	Postpositive causal particle.
3	δὴ	δή	PART	Df	_	7 ἐτόλμησαν	discourse	high
4	δρώμενα	δράω	VERB	V-PPP-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	7 ἐτόλμησαν	obj	medium	Neuter participle substantivized; functions as the thing dared to be done.
5	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	6 Θήβαις	case	high
6	Θήβαις	Θῆβαι	PROPN	Ne-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	4 δρώμενα	obl	high
7	ἐτόλμησαν	τολμάω	VERB	V-AAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
8	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	9 Ναυπάκτῳ	case	high
9	Ναυπάκτῳ	Ναύπακτος	PROPN	Ne-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ἐτόλμησαν	obl	high
10	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	R--------	_	11 ταὐτὰ	case	high
11	ταὐτὰ	ὁ αὐτός	PRON	P-A---NPA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	13 δρᾶσαι	obl	high	Contraction of τὰ αὐτά; idiom κατὰ ταὐτά, 'in the same way'.
12	ἰδιῶται	ἰδιώτης	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 δρᾶσαι	nsubj	high	Accusative-and-infinitive understood subject is formally nominative here only if construed with finite verb; syntactically treated as infinitival subject with nominative exceptional usage/coordination ambiguity.
13	δρᾶσαι	δράω	VERB	V-AAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	7 ἐτόλμησαν	xcomp	high
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἐτόλμησαν	punct	high
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	20 ἐπέλαβεν	cc	high
16	σφᾶς	σφεῖς	PRON	P-3AP---	Case=Acc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	20 ἐπέλαβεν	obj	high
17	οὐ	οὐ	PART	D--------	Polarity=Neg	20 ἐπέλαβεν	advmod	high
18	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	R--------	_	19 πολὺ	case	high
19	πολὺ	πολύς	ADJ	A-SNA	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 ἐπέλαβεν	obl	high	Adverbial accusative with μετά: 'not long afterward'.
20	ἐπέλαβεν	ἐπιλαμβάνω	VERB	V-2AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Second coordinated finite clause; subject follows.
21	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T----NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 δίκη	det	high
22	δίκη	δίκη	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	20 ἐπέλαβεν	nsubj	high
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	20 ἐπέλαβεν	punct	high

Sentence 2

9.25.9 sentence 2

Tokens: 56
Input: 1,129
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Total: 4,974

ὅσοι δὲ ὁμοῦ Μαρδονίῳ τῆς στρατιᾶς τῆς Ξέρξου περὶ Βοιωτίαν ἐλείφθησαν, τοῖς παρελθοῦσιν αὐτῶν ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν τῶν Καβείρων τάχα μέν που καὶ χρημάτων μεγάλων ἐλπίδι, τὸ πλέον δὲ ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν τῇ ἐς τὸ θεῖον ὀλιγωρίᾳ, τούτοις παραφρονῆσαί τε συνέπεσεν αὐτίκα καὶ ἀπώλοντο ἐς θάλασσάν τε καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν κρημνῶν ἑαυτοὺς ῥίπτοντες.

The main construction is τούτοις παραφρονῆσαί τε συνέπεσεν καὶ ἀπώλοντο: an impersonal συνέπεσεν with infinitival subject, followed by a coordinated finite consequence; the motivation datives explain the madness.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὅσοι	ὅσος	PRON	A--NPMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 ἐλείφθησαν	nsubj	high	Free relative subject of ἐλείφθησαν; substantivized.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	11 ἐλείφθησαν	cc	high
3	ὁμοῦ	ὁμοῦ	ADV	ADV	_	11 ἐλείφθησαν	advmod	high
4	Μαρδονίῳ	Μαρδόνιος	PROPN	N--DSMS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 ὁμοῦ	obl	medium	Dative complement of ὁμοῦ.
5	τῆς	ὁ	DET	L--GFS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 στρατιᾶς	det	high
6	στρατιᾶς	στρατιά	NOUN	N--GFS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ἐλείφθησαν	obl	high	Genitive of separation/source with ἐλείφθησαν.
7	τῆς	ὁ	DET	L--GFS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 Ξέρξου	det	high
8	Ξέρξου	Ξέρξης	PROPN	N--GMS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 στρατιᾶς	nmod	high
9	περὶ	περί	ADP	R	_	10 Βοιωτίαν	case	high
10	Βοιωτίαν	Βοιωτία	PROPN	N--AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ἐλείφθησαν	obl	high	Accusative of place with περί.
11	ἐλείφθησαν	λείπω	VERB	V--API-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	43 συνέπεσεν	advcl	high	Finite verb governing the relative clause.
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἐλείφθησαν	punct	high
13	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	L--DPMP	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 παρελθοῦσιν	det	high
14	παρελθοῦσιν	παρέρχομαι	VERB	V--AAP-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	43 συνέπεσεν	iobj	high	Substantivized dative participle, coreferential with the survivors.
15	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	P--GMP	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	14 παρελθοῦσιν	nmod	high	Possessive/genitive with παρελθοῦσιν.
16	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R	_	18 ἱερὸν	case	high
17	τὸ	ὁ	DET	L--NAS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 ἱερὸν	det	high
18	ἱερὸν	ἱερόν	NOUN	N--NAS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	14 παρελθοῦσιν	obl	high
19	τῶν	ὁ	DET	L--GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	20 Καβείρων	det	high
20	Καβείρων	Καβείρος	PROPN	N--GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 ἱερὸν	nmod	medium	Ethnic/divine name; lemma and gender are conventional.
21	τάχα	τάχα	ADV	ADV	_	27 ἐλπίδι	advmod	high
22	μέν	μέν	PART	PRT	_	27 ἐλπίδι	discourse	high
23	που	που	PART	PRT	_	27 ἐλπίδι	advmod	medium	Indefinite/modal particle.
24	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	27 ἐλπίδι	cc	medium	Coordinating/emphatic καί in the motivation phrase.
25	χρημάτων	χρῆμα	NOUN	N--GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	27 ἐλπίδι	nmod	high	Partitive/attributive genitive with μεγάλων ἐλπίδι.
26	μεγάλων	μέγας	ADJ	A--GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	25 χρημάτων	amod	high
27	ἐλπίδι	ἐλπίς	NOUN	N--DFS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	41 παραφρονῆσαί	obl	high	Dative of motive/cause with παραφρονῆσαι.
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	27 ἐλπίδι	punct	high
29	τὸ	ὁ	DET	L--NAS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	30 πλέον	det	high
30	πλέον	πλείων	ADJ	A--NAS	Case=Acc\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	41 παραφρονῆσαί	advmod	high	Substantivized accusative adverbial phrase, ‘for the most part’.
31	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	30 πλέον	cc	high
32	ἐμοὶ	ἐγώ	PRON	P--DS	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Person=1	33 δοκεῖν	obl	high	Dative of opinion with δοκεῖν.
33	δοκεῖν	δοκέω	VERB	V--PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	30 πλέον	parataxis	medium	Parenthetical infinitive, ‘as it seems to me’.
34	τῇ	ὁ	DET	L--DFS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	38 ὀλιγωρίᾳ	det	high
35	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R	_	37 θεῖον	case	high
36	τὸ	ὁ	DET	L--NAS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	37 θεῖον	det	high
37	θεῖον	θεῖος	NOUN	N--NAS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	38 ὀλιγωρίᾳ	nmod	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘the divine’.
38	ὀλιγωρίᾳ	ὀλιγωρία	NOUN	N--DFS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	41 παραφρονῆσαί	obl	high	Dative of cause/manner.
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	38 ὀλιγωρίᾳ	punct	high
40	τούτοις	οὗτος	PRON	D--DPMP	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	43 συνέπεσεν	iobj	high	Resumptive dative, ‘to these men’.
41	παραφρονῆσαί	παραφρονέω	VERB	V--AAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	43 συνέπεσεν	csubj	high	Infinitival subject of συνέπεσεν.
42	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	41 παραφρονῆσαί	cc	high	First member of τε...καί coordination.
43	συνέπεσεν	συμπίπτω	VERB	V--AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate; singular agrees with impersonal construction.
44	αὐτίκα	αὐτίκα	ADV	ADV	_	43 συνέπεσεν	advmod	high
45	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	46 ἀπώλοντο	cc	high	Coordinates the second consequence.
46	ἀπώλοντο	ἀπόλλυμι	VERB	V--AMI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	43 συνέπεσεν	conj	high	Second coordinated predicate; middle ‘perished’.
47	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R	_	48 θάλασσάν	case	high
48	θάλασσάν	θάλασσα	NOUN	N--AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	46 ἀπώλοντο	obl	high	Goal/direction complement of ἀπώλοντο.
49	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	48 θάλασσάν	cc	high	Coordinates θάλασσαν with the following ἀπό phrase.
50	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	51 ἀπὸ	cc	high
51	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	R	_	53 κρημνῶν	case	high
52	τῶν	ὁ	DET	L--GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	53 κρημνῶν	det	high
53	κρημνῶν	κρημνός	NOUN	N--GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	46 ἀπώλοντο	obl	high	Source/separation complement of ἀπώλοντο.
54	ἑαυτοὺς	ἑαυτοῦ	PRON	P--AMPM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Reflex=Yes	55 ῥίπτοντες	obj	high	Reflexive object of ῥίπτοντες.
55	ῥίπτοντες	ῥίπτω	VERB	V-PAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	46 ἀπώλοντο	advcl	high	Participial manner/circumstance clause modifying ἀπώλοντο.
56	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	43 συνέπεσεν	punct	high

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