Grammar parses for passage 9.28.4
Open translation for this passage
ἐπὰν οὖν συλλέγειν τοῦ παλσάμου τὸν ὀπὸν ἀφίκηται τοῖς Ἄραψιν ὥρα, ξύλων δύο ἕκαστος σκυτάλας ἐπὶ τοὺς ἔχεις ἐσφέρει, κροτοῦντες δὲ τὰ ξύλα ἀπελαύνουσι τοὺς ἔχεις· ἀποκτείνειν δὲ αὐτοὺς οὐκ ἐθέλουσιν ἱεροὺς τῶν παλσάμων νομίζοντες.
The sentence has a temporal subordinate clause headed by ἐπὰν … ἀφίκηται, with συλλέγειν functioning in an idiomatic infinitival construction; the main coordination is ἐσφέρει … ἀπελαύνουσι … οὐκ ἐθέλουσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὰν | ἐπάν | SCONJ | _ | PronType=Rel | 8 ἀφίκηται | mark | medium | Temporal subordinating form, equivalent to ἐπειδάν/ὅταν; lexical analysis uncertain. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 8 ἀφίκηται | discourse | high | |
| 3 | συλλέγειν | συλλέγω | VERB | V-PAI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 ἀφίκηται | xcomp | medium | Infinitive in temporal construction; exact relation to ἀφίκηται is syntactically elliptical/idiomatic. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 παλσάμου | det | high | |
| 5 | παλσάμου | παλσάμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ὀπὸν | nmod | high | |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ὀπὸν | det | high | |
| 7 | ὀπὸν | ὀπός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 συλλέγειν | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἀφίκηται | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AorM-Sbj | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 11 ὥρα | acl | medium | Temporal subjunctive governing the subordinate clause; understood subject is ὥρα. |
| 9 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 Ἄραψιν | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἄραψιν | Ἄραψ | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ὥρα | nmod | high | Dative of the people concerned/possessive with ὥρα. |
| 11 | ὥρα | ὥρα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἐσφέρει | nsubj | medium | Subject of ἐσφέρει; also supplies the understood subject of subordinate ἀφίκηται. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐσφέρει | punct | high | |
| 13 | ξύλων | ξύλον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 σκυτάλας | nmod | medium | Partitive/material genitive with σκυτάλας. |
| 14 | δύο | δύο | NUM | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 13 ξύλων | nummod | medium | Likely attributive numeral with ξύλων; form is invariant. |
| 15 | ἕκαστος | ἕκαστος | PRON | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 20 ἐσφέρει | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | σκυτάλας | σκυτάλη | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ἐσφέρει | obj | high | Object of ἐσφέρει; wooden clubs/sticks. |
| 17 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 18 τοὺς | case | high | |
| 18 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 ἔχεις | det | high | |
| 19 | ἔχεις | ἔχις | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἐσφέρει | obl | high | Object of ἐσφέρει with ἐπί; snakes are driven at/against. |
| 20 | ἐσφέρει | εἰσφέρω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐσφέρει | punct | high | |
| 22 | κροτοῦντες | κροτέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 ἀπελαύνουσι | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject ἕκαστος/understood plural actors. |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 ἀπελαύνουσι | cc | high | |
| 24 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 25 ξύλα | det | high | |
| 25 | ξύλα | ξύλον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 ἀπελαύνουσι | obj | high | |
| 26 | ἀπελαύνουσι | ἀπελαύνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 20 ἐσφέρει | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; plural subject is distributive ἕκαστος understood collectively. |
| 27 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 28 ἔχεις | det | high | |
| 28 | ἔχεις | ἔχις | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἀπελαύνουσι | obj | high | |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐσφέρει | punct | high | |
| 30 | ἀποκτείνειν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 34 ἐθέλουσιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἐθέλουσιν. |
| 31 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 34 ἐθέλουσιν | cc | high | |
| 32 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 30 ἀποκτείνειν | obj | high | Object of ἀποκτείνειν, referring to the snakes. |
| 33 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | ADV | Polarity=Neg | 34 ἐθέλουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 34 | ἐθέλουσιν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 20 ἐσφέρει | conj | high | Coordinated predicate with understood subject. |
| 35 | ἱεροὺς | ἱερός | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 νομίζοντες | obj | medium | Predicative object/complement with νομίζοντες: they regard them as sacred. |
| 36 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 37 παλσάμων | det | high | |
| 37 | παλσάμων | παλσάμος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 ἱεροὺς | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἱερούς, ‘sacred [snakes] of the balsams’; exact semantic attachment is uncertain. |
| 38 | νομίζοντες | νομίζω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 34 ἐθέλουσιν | advcl | high | Causal/circumstantial participle with subject co-referent to ἐθέλουσιν. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐσφέρει | punct | high |
ἢν δὲ καὶ ὑπὸ ἔχεων δηχθῆναί τῳ συμβῇ, τὸ μὲν τραῦμά ἐστιν ὁποῖον καὶ ὑπὸ σιδήρου, δεῖμα δὲ ἄπεστι τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἰοῦ·
Conditional protasis is ἢν ... συμβῇ, with δηχθῆναι as its infinitival subject; the following μέν...δέ clauses state that the wound is ordinary but venom-caused fear is absent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | CONJ | PronType=Art | 8 συμβῇ | mark | high | Conditional subordinator with subjunctive. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 συμβῇ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 δηχθῆναί | advmod | medium | Adds emphasis to the subordinate circumstance. |
| 4 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 ἔχεων | case | high | Agent marker with genitive. |
| 5 | ἔχεων | ἔχις | NOUN | N-GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 δηχθῆναί | obl:agent | high | Genitive plural agent of the passive infinitive. |
| 6 | δηχθῆναί | δάκνω | VERB | V-ANP | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 8 συμβῇ | csubj | high | Aorist passive infinitive, subject of συμβῇ. |
| 7 | τῳ | τις | PRON | P-DM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 8 συμβῇ | iobj | high | Indefinite dative experiencer/person to whom it happens. |
| 8 | συμβῇ | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-2AAS-3S | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Conditional protasis predicate. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 συμβῇ | punct | high | |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 τραῦμά | det | high | Article with τραῦμα. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 12 τραῦμά | discourse | high | Correlative particle paired with δέ. |
| 12 | τραῦμά | τραῦμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 13 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 21 ἄπεστι | parataxis | medium | Predicate of the first coordinated assertion; overall clause is linked paratactically to ἄπεστι. |
| 14 | ὁποῖον | ὁποῖος | PRON | P-ASN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 13 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Predicative relative adjective/pronoun, with omitted or generalized antecedent. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ὑπὸ | cc | high | Coordinates the repeated passive construction. |
| 16 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 σιδήρου | case | high | Agent marker with genitive. |
| 17 | σιδήρου | σίδηρος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ὁποῖον | obl:agent | medium | Genitive agent in the elliptical comparison. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 19 | δεῖμα | δεῖμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἄπεστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἄπεστι. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ἄπεστι | cc | high | Second member of μέν...δέ. |
| 21 | ἄπεστι | ἄπειμι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 συμβῇ | parataxis | high | Main apodictic assertion: the fear is absent. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 ἰοῦ | det | high | Article substantivizing the prepositional phrase. |
| 23 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 25 ἰοῦ | case | high | Source preposition. |
| 24 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 ἰοῦ | det | high | Article with ἰοῦ. |
| 25 | ἰοῦ | ἰός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἄπεστι | obl | high | Source phrase, ‘from the venom’. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἄπεστι | punct | high |
ἅτε γὰρ σιτουμένοις τοῖς ἔχεσι μύρων τὸ εὐοσμότατον, μετακεράννυταί σφισιν ἐκ τοῦ θανατώδους ἐς τὸ ἠπιώτερον ὁ ἰός.
The participial clause ἅτε σιτουμένοις τοῖς ἔχεσι μύρων τὸ εὐοσμότατον is causal; the dative participle agrees with τοῖς ἔχεσι. The passive μετακεράννυται has postponed subject ὁ ἰός; σφισιν is an affected dative, and the comparative substantives mark the change of mixture from the more deadly to the milder.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 3 σιτουμένοις | mark | high | Causal/subordinating particle introducing the participial clause. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 μετακεράννυταί | cc | high | Explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | σιτουμένοις | σιτόω | VERB | V-PPM-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 10 μετακεράννυταί | advcl | high | Present middle participle, dative plural masculine, agreeing with τοῖς ἔχεσι. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἔχεσι | det | high | |
| 5 | ἔχεσι | ἔχις | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 σιτουμένοις | obl | high | Dative with the middle participle, construed as the eaters/subjects of feeding. |
| 6 | μύρων | μύρον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 εὐοσμότατον | nmod | high | Partitive/content genitive with τὸ εὐοσμότατον. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 εὐοσμότατον | det | high | Article substantivizing the superlative. |
| 8 | εὐοσμότατον | εὐοσμότατος | ADJ | A-NSNS | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 σιτουμένοις | obj | medium | Substantivized superlative; syntactically the thing consumed, though its nominative form is difficult with the dative participial construction. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 μετακεράννυταί | punct | high | |
| 10 | μετακεράννυταί | μετακεράννυμι | VERB | V-PPM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Present passive indicative; the subject follows. |
| 11 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DPN | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 10 μετακεράννυταί | iobj | medium | Third-person plural dative pronoun, likely affected/benefactive dative. |
| 12 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 θανατώδους | case | high | |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 θανατώδους | det | high | |
| 14 | θανατώδους | θανατώδης | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 μετακεράννυταί | obl | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, object of ἐκ. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 ἠπιώτερον | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἠπιώτερον | det | high | |
| 17 | ἠπιώτερον | ἤπιος | ADJ | A-ASNS-CMP | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 μετακεράννυταί | obl | high | Substantivized comparative adjective, destination/result of the change. |
| 18 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἰός | det | high | |
| 19 | ἰός | ἰός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 μετακεράννυταί | nsubj:pass | high | Postposed nominative subject of the passive verb. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 μετακεράννυταί | punct | high |