Grammar parses for passage 9.28.4
Open translation for this passage
ἐπὰν οὖν συλλέγειν τοῦ παλσάμου τὸν ὀπὸν ἀφίκηται τοῖς Ἄραψιν ὥρα, ξύλων δύο ἕκαστος σκυτάλας ἐπὶ τοὺς ἔχεις ἐσφέρει, κροτοῦντες δὲ τὰ ξύλα ἀπελαύνουσι τοὺς ἔχεις· ἀποκτείνειν δὲ αὐτοὺς οὐκ ἐθέλουσιν ἱεροὺς τῶν παλσάμων νομίζοντες.
The syntax is somewhat irregular: the opening temporal clause uses ἀφίκηται with a nominative ὥρα as subject, and the final participial phrase ἱεροὺς τῶν παλσάμων νομίζοντες is elliptical but most naturally construes with αὐτούς as its object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὰν | ἐπάν | SCONJ | _ | _ | 8 ἀφίκηται | mark | high | Conditional/temporal conjunction introducing subordinate clause. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 8 ἀφίκηται | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | συλλέγειν | συλλέγω | VERB | V-PAINF | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 ἀφίκηται | xcomp | medium | Infinitive dependent on ἀφίκηται; clause is somewhat irregular in context. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 παλσάμου | det | high | Article. |
| 5 | παλσάμου | βάλσαμον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 συλλέγειν | obj | medium | Genitive complement of συλλέγειν. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ὀπὸν | det | high | Article. |
| 7 | ὀπὸν | ὀπός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀφίκηται | obj | high | Direct object of ἀφίκηται/understood verb of arriving. |
| 8 | ἀφίκηται | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-SPM-3S | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 20 ἐσφέρει | advcl | medium | Subordinate temporal clause; form may reflect aorist subjunctive with -ηται. |
| 9 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 Ἄραψιν | det | high | Article. |
| 10 | Ἄραψιν | Ἄραψ | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ὥρα | obl | medium | Ethnic dative. |
| 11 | ὥρα | ὥρα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀφίκηται | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀφίκηται. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐσφέρει | punct | high | Comma. |
| 13 | ξύλων | ξύλον | NOUN | N-GNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 σκυτάλας | nmod | medium | Likely partitive/measure genitive with δύο. |
| 14 | δύο | δύο | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 16 σκυτάλας | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral. |
| 15 | ἕκαστος | ἕκαστος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐσφέρει | nsubj | medium | Subject of ἐσφέρει; distributive subject. |
| 16 | σκυτάλας | σκυτάλη | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ἐσφέρει | obj | high | Direct object of ἐσφέρει. |
| 17 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 20 ἐσφέρει | case | high | Preposition. |
| 18 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 ἔχεις | det | high | Article. |
| 19 | ἔχεις | ἔχις | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἐσφέρει | obl | medium | Likely 'snakes/adders'; object of ἐπὶ with motion/target sense. |
| 20 | ἐσφέρει | εἰσφέρω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐσφέρει | punct | high | Comma. |
| 22 | κροτοῦντες | κροτέω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 ἀπελαύνουσι | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying ἀπελαύνουσι. |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 26 ἀπελαύνουσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 24 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 25 ξύλα | det | high | Article. |
| 25 | ξύλα | ξύλον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 κροτοῦντες | obj | high | Object of κροτοῦντες. |
| 26 | ἀπελαύνουσι | ἀπελαύνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main verb; coordinated with ἐσφέρει at discourse level. |
| 27 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 28 ἔχεις | det | high | Article. |
| 28 | ἔχεις | ἔχις | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἀπελαύνουσι | obj | high | Direct object of ἀπελαύνουσι. |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἀπελαύνουσι | punct | high | Colon punctuation. |
| 30 | ἀποκτείνειν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 34 ἐθέλουσιν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of ἐθέλουσιν. |
| 31 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 34 ἐθέλουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 32 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 30 ἀποκτείνειν | obj | high | Object of ἀποκτείνειν. |
| 33 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 34 ἐθέλουσιν | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 34 | ἐθέλουσιν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Final main verb. |
| 35 | ἱεροὺς | ἱερός | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 ἐθέλουσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicative/resultative complement with νομίζοντες; gender/case suggests predicate to αὐτούς. |
| 36 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 37 παλσάμων | det | high | Article. |
| 37 | παλσάμων | βάλσαμον | NOUN | N-GNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 35 ἱεροὺς | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἱερούς, 'sacred to/from the balsams'. |
| 38 | νομίζοντες | νομίζω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 34 ἐθέλουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle explaining why they do not kill them. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 ἐθέλουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἢν δὲ καὶ ὑπὸ ἔχεων δηχθῆναί τῳ συμβῇ, τὸ μὲν τραῦμά ἐστιν ὁποῖον καὶ ὑπὸ σιδήρου, δεῖμα δὲ ἄπεστι τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἰοῦ·
The syntax is somewhat compressed: the first clause has an infinitival complement with ἢν/συμβῇ, and the second is a coordinated copular clause with predicate adjective ὁποῖον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | CONJ | Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin | 8 συμβῇ | mark | high | Conditional particle introducing protasis. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 8 συμβῇ | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | PART | PART | _ | 4 ὑπὸ | advmod | medium | Likely additive focus with preposition. |
| 4 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 δηχθῆναί | case | high | Marks agent/source with passive infinitive. |
| 5 | ἔχεων | ἔχις | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 ὑπὸ | obl | medium | Genitive plural noun; form is unusual, perhaps poetic/variant for snakes. |
| 6 | δηχθῆναί | δάκνω | VERB | V--ANP--- | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 8 συμβῇ | xcomp | high | Aorist passive infinitive. |
| 7 | τῳ | τις | PRON | P-S---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 συμβῇ | obl | medium | Dative of reference/advantage with συμβῇ. |
| 8 | συμβῇ | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-3SAAS-- | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the conditional clause. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 συμβῇ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | B-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 τραῦμά | det | high | Article with τραῦμα. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 12 τραῦμά | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 12 | τραῦμά | τραῦμα | NOUN | N-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 13 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SPIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 21 ἄπεστι | cop | high | Copula in first coordinated clause. |
| 14 | ὁποῖον | ὁποῖος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 τραῦμά | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective; case is somewhat uncertain in this construction. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | PART | PART | _ | 16 ὑπὸ | advmod | high | Modifies second ὑπό. |
| 16 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 ἄπεστι | case | high | Introduces agent/source phrase. |
| 17 | σιδήρου | σίδηρος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ὑπὸ | obl | high | Genitive governed by ὑπό. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἄπεστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 19 | δεῖμα | δεῖμα | NOUN | N-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἄπεστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἄπεστι. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 21 ἄπεστι | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 21 | ἄπεστι | ἄπειμι | VERB | V-3SPIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main clause; 'is absent/away'. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | B-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἰοῦ | det | high | Article with ἀπό phrase. |
| 23 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 ἄπεστι | obl | medium | Prepositional phrase functioning adverbially; exact attachment uncertain. |
| 24 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | B-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἰοῦ | det | high | Article with ἰοῦ. |
| 25 | ἰοῦ | ἰός | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἀπὸ | obl | high | Object of ἀπό. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἄπεστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἅτε γὰρ σιτουμένοις τοῖς ἔχεσι μύρων τὸ εὐοσμότατον, μετακεράννυταί σφισιν ἐκ τοῦ θανατώδους ἐς τὸ ἠπιώτερον ὁ ἰός.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: ἅτε introduces a participial clause, while the main clause has μετακεράννυταί with ἰός as subject and two prepositional complements.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 3 σιτουμένοις | mark | medium | comparative/causal particle introducing a participial clause |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 10 μετακεράννυταί | discourse | high | postpositive explanatory particle |
| 3 | σιτουμένοις | σιτέομαι | VERB | PQPMPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 19 ἰός | advcl | high | participle modifying the subject via causal/comparative relation |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 ἔχεσι | det | high | article with ἔχεσι |
| 5 | ἔχεσι | ἔχις | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 σιτουμένοις | obl | medium | dative with participle; likely 'vipers' |
| 6 | μύρων | μύρον | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 εὐοσμότατον | nmod | high | genitive dependent on εὐοσμότατον |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 εὐοσμότατον | det | high | article with superlative adjective |
| 8 | εὐοσμότατον | εὐοσμός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 μετακεράννυταί | obj | medium | predicate/object-like complement within explanatory clause |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 μετακεράννυταί | punct | high | punctuation |
| 10 | μετακεράννυταί | μετακεράννυμι | VERB | V3SPMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | main finite verb |
| 11 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 10 μετακεράννυταί | iobj | high | dative of affected persons |
| 12 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 14 θανατώδους | case | high | preposition |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 θανατώδους | det | high | article with θανατώδους |
| 14 | θανατώδους | θανατώδης | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 μετακεράννυταί | obl | high | part of prepositional phrase with ἐκ |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 17 ἠπιώτερον | case | high | preposition |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ἠπιώτερον | det | high | article with ἠπιώτερον |
| 17 | ἠπιώτερον | ἥπιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 μετακεράννυταί | obl | high | comparative in prepositional phrase |
| 18 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 ἰός | det | high | article with ἰός |
| 19 | ἰός | ἰός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 μετακεράννυταί | nsubj | high | subject of μετακεράννυταί |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 μετακεράννυταί | punct | high | punctuation |