Grammar parses for passage 9.32.3
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ πεδίον τὸ μεταξὺ τῶν ὀρῶν ἐκώλυεν οὐδὲν ἂν λίμνην ὑπὸ πλήθους εἶναι τοῦ ὕδατος, εἰ μὴ διὰ μέσου χῶμά σφισιν ἐπεποίητο ἰσχυρόν·
The subject πεδίον (with attributive τὸ μεταξὺ τῶν ὀρῶν) is construed with ἐκώλυεν and an infinitival result/content clause: οὐδὲν ἂν λίμνην ... εἶναι. The counterfactual εἰ-clause has χῶμα as subject and ἐπεποίητο as pluperfect middle/passive; ἰσχυρόν is predicative. ὑπὸ πλήθους τοῦ ὕδατος expresses cause/quantity.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-Sna | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 πεδίον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἐκώλυεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | πεδίον | πεδίον | NOUN | N-Sna | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐκώλυεν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-Sna | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 μεταξὺ | det | high | |
| 5 | μεταξὺ | μεταξύ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 3 πεδίον | acl | medium | Adverbial attributive modifier of πεδίον. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-Pog | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 ὀρῶν | det | high | |
| 7 | ὀρῶν | ὄρος | NOUN | N-Png | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 μεταξὺ | obl | high | Genitive complement of μεταξύ. |
| 8 | ἐκώλυεν | κωλύω | VERB | V3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | P-Sna | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 14 εἶναι | obj | medium | Accusative neuter used adverbially with κωλύω, ‘in no way/nothing’. |
| 10 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | X-------- | _ | 14 εἶναι | aux | high | Modal particle governing the infinitival construction. |
| 11 | λίμνην | λίμνη | NOUN | N-Saf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Accusative subject of εἶναι. |
| 12 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 πλήθους | case | high | |
| 13 | πλήθους | πλῆθος | NOUN | N-Sng | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 εἶναι | obl | high | Causal/partitive genitive governed by ὑπό; phrase modifies λίμνην εἶναι. |
| 14 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V----na- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἐκώλυεν | xcomp | high | |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-Sng | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ὕδατος | det | high | |
| 16 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-Sng | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 πλήθους | nmod | high | Dependent genitive specifying the πλήθος. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 εἰ | punct | high | |
| 18 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 ἐπεποίητο | mark | high | |
| 19 | μὴ | μή | PART | X-------- | _ | 24 ἐπεποίητο | advmod | high | Negates the counterfactual protasis. |
| 20 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 μέσου | case | high | |
| 21 | μέσου | μέσος | ADJ | A-Sng | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπεποίητο | obl | high | Substantivized genitive, ‘through the middle’. |
| 22 | χῶμά | χῶμα | NOUN | N-Sna | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπεποίητο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπεποίητο. |
| 23 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---mdp | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 24 ἐπεποίητο | iobj | medium | Dative of interest/possession, ‘for them/between them’. |
| 24 | ἐπεποίητο | ποιέω | VERB | V3slim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Mid | 8 ἐκώλυεν | advcl | high | Pluperfect middle/passive in the εἰ-clause; middle sense ‘had made/been constructed’. |
| 25 | ἰσχυρόν | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | A-Sna | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπεποίητο | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative agreeing with χῶμα in the construction with ποιέω. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐκώλυεν | punct | high |
καὶ οὕτω παρὰ ἔτος ἐς μὲν τὰ ἐπέκεινα τοῦ χώματος ἐκτρέπουσι τὸ ὕδωρ, τὸ δὲ ἐπὶ τὰ ἕτερα αὐτοῦ γεωργοῦσι.
Two coordinated clauses share the understood subject; ἐπέκεινα is a substantivized spatial adverb governing τοῦ χώματος, while the second τὸ is an accusative object with γεωργοῦσι. παρὰ ἔτος is an adverbial accusative of periodic time; the exact semantic force of γεωργέω with ὕδωρ is context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 ἐκτρέπουσι | cc | high | |
| 2 | οὕτω | οὕτω | ADV | _ | PronType=Dem | 11 ἐκτρέπουσι | advmod | high | Demonstrative adverb. |
| 3 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 4 ἔτος | case | high | With accusative ἔτος. |
| 4 | ἔτος | ἔτος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐκτρέπουσι | obl | high | Accusative of recurring time with παρά. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 7 τὰ | case | high | |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 11 ἐκτρέπουσι | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with δέ. |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 ἐπέκεινα | det | high | Article substantivizing ἐπέκεινα. |
| 8 | ἐπέκεινα | ἐπέκεινα | ADV | _ | _ | 11 ἐκτρέπουσι | obl | medium | Spatial adverb substantivized by τὰ and modified by τοῦ χώματος. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 χώματος | det | high | |
| 10 | χώματος | χῶμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπέκεινα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on spatial ἐπέκεινα. |
| 11 | ἐκτρέπουσι | ἐκτρέπω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb; subject is understood from context. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 13 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐκτρέπουσι | obj | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐκτρέπουσι | punct | high | |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 ἕτερα | det | high | Article with substantivized ἕτερα. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 γεωργοῦσι | cc | high | Correlative δέ with μέν. |
| 17 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 18 τὰ | case | high | With accusative τὰ ἕτερα. |
| 18 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 ἕτερα | det | high | |
| 19 | ἕτερα | ἕτερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 γεωργοῦσι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated contrastively with τὰ ἐπέκεινα. |
| 20 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 19 ἕτερα | nmod | medium | Genitive likely dependent on ἕτερα: the other side/parts of it; could be analyzed as an independent possessive genitive. |
| 21 | γεωργοῦσι | γεωργέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 ἐκτρέπουσι | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb with shared subject. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐκτρέπουσι | punct | high |
Θίσβην δὲ λέγουσιν ἐπιχώριον εἶναι νύμφην, ἀφʼ ἧς ἡ πόλις τὸ ὄνομα ἔσχηκεν.
Accusative Θίσβην is the object of λέγουσιν, with an accusative-and-infinitive construction: νύμφην is the predicate accusative of εἶναι and ἐπιχώριον agrees with it. ἀφʼ ἧς introduces a relative clause modifying νύμφην; τὸ ὄνομα is the object of ἔσχηκεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θίσβην | Θίσβη | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 λέγουσιν | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 λέγουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ἐπιχώριον | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | A-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 νύμφην | amod | medium | Predicate adjective agreeing with νύμφην; formally identical across genders in this form. |
| 5 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | |
| 6 | νύμφην | νύμφη | NOUN | N-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative in the accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 λέγουσιν | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἀφʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 ἧς | case | high | Elided form of ἀπό before vowel. |
| 9 | ἧς | ὅς | PRON | P---GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἔσχηκεν | obl | high | Relative pronoun governed by ἀπό; antecedent is νύμφην. |
| 10 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 πόλις | det | high | |
| 11 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἔσχηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 13 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἔσχηκεν | obj | high | |
| 14 | ἔσχηκεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-RAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 9 ἧς | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate; perfect form is ἔσχηκεν. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 λέγουσιν | punct | high |