Grammar parses for passage 9.32.5
Open translation for this passage
ἀπὸ δὲ Θεσπίας ἰόντι ἄνω πρὸς ἤπειρον ἔστιν Ἁλίαρτος.
Locative/existential construction: ἔστιν governs the proper-name subject Ἁλίαρτος; ἀπὸ Θεσπίας marks the starting point, while ἰόντι is a dative circumstantial participle with implied traveler and πρὸς ἤπειρον gives direction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 3 Θεσπίας | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἔστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Θεσπίας | Θεσπιαί | PROPN | N--GFP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἰόντι | obl | high | Genitive governed by ἀπό. |
| 4 | ἰόντι | εἶμι | VERB | V-PAP-DMS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἔστιν | obl | medium | Dative circumstantial participle, with an implied traveler. |
| 5 | ἄνω | ἄνω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 ἰόντι | advmod | high | |
| 6 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 7 ἤπειρον | case | high | |
| 7 | ἤπειρον | ἤπειρος | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἰόντι | obl | high | Accusative of direction after πρός. |
| 8 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential verb. |
| 9 | Ἁλίαρτος | Ἁλίαρτος | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Place-name functioning as existential subject. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔστιν | punct | high |
ὅστις δὲ Ἁλιάρτου γέγονε καὶ Κορωνείας οἰκιστής, οὔ με ἀπὸ τῶν ἐς Ὀρχομενίους ἐχόντων εἰκὸς ἦν χωρίζειν·
Relative clause: ὅστις is the subject of γέγονε and οἰκιστής is its predicate nominative; the understood subject of χωρίζειν is the speaker’s addressee/referent, with εἰκὸς ἦν forming an impersonal necessity/probability construction and τῶν ἐς Ὀρχομενίους ἐχόντων substantivized as the relevant traditions/accounts concerning the Orchomenians.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅστις | ὅστις | PRON | pronominal relative nom masc sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 4 γέγονε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conjunction | _ | 4 γέγονε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἁλιάρτου | Ἁλίαρτος | PROPN | proper noun gen masc sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 οἰκιστής | nmod | high | Place-name in the genitive. |
| 4 | γέγονε | γίγνομαι | VERB | verb perf act ind 3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Coordinates with οἰκιστής as the relative-clause predicate. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | conjunction | _ | 7 οἰκιστής | cc | high | |
| 6 | Κορωνείας | Κορώνεια | PROPN | proper noun gen fem sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 οἰκιστής | nmod | high | Place-name in the genitive. |
| 7 | οἰκιστής | οἰκιστής | NOUN | noun nom masc sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 γέγονε | conj | high | Predicate nominative coordinated with γέγονε. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 γέγονε | punct | high | |
| 9 | οὔ | οὐ | PART | particle | Polarity=Neg | 17 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | με | ἐγώ | PRON | personal pronoun acc 1sg | Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 18 χωρίζειν | obj | medium | Accusative dependent on χωρίζειν; semantic role is affected person. |
| 11 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | preposition | _ | 18 χωρίζειν | obl | high | |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | article gen neut pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 ἐχόντων | det | high | Substantivizes the participial phrase. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | preposition | _ | 14 Ὀρχομενίους | case | high | Epic/Attic variant of εἰς. |
| 14 | Ὀρχομενίους | Ὀρχομενός | PROPN | proper noun acc masc pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐχόντων | obl | high | The Orchomenians. |
| 15 | ἐχόντων | ἔχω | VERB | part pres act gen neut pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 τῶν | acl | medium | Substantivized genitive participle; exact sense of ἐς ... ἔχειν is idiomatic and context-dependent. |
| 16 | εἰκὸς | εἰκός | ADJ | verbal adjective nom neut sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἦν | nsubj | high | Impersonal expression εἰκὸς ἦν. |
| 17 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | verb imperf act ind 3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 4 γέγονε | parataxis | medium | Finite verb of the following infinitival construction; syntactically attached as a new clause after the relative clause. |
| 18 | χωρίζειν | χωρίζω | VERB | verb pres act inf | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 ἦν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of εἰκὸς ἦν; subject is understood from context. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 γέγονε | punct | high |
κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἐπιστρατείαν τοῦ Μήδου φρονήσασιν Ἁλιαρτίοις τὰ Ἑλλήνων μοῖρα τῆς Ξέρξου στρατιᾶς γῆν τέ σφισιν ὁμοῦ καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἐπεξῆλθε καίουσα.
The construction has μοῖρα τῆς Ξέρξου στρατιᾶς as subject of ἐπεξῆλθε, with γῆν and πόλιν as coordinated objects; φρονήσασιν is a circumstantial participle with dative Ἁλιαρτίοις.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 4 ἐπιστρατείαν | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπιστρατείαν | det | high | |
| 4 | ἐπιστρατείαν | ἐπιστρατεία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 φρονήσασιν | obl | high | Temporal/setting accusative with κατά. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Μήδου | det | high | |
| 6 | Μήδου | Μῆδος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπιστρατείαν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐπιστρατείαν. |
| 7 | φρονήσασιν | φρονέω | VERB | VAAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plur|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | advcl | medium | Aorist participle, with dative subject-like complement Ἁλιαρτίοις; concessive/temporal force. |
| 8 | Ἁλιαρτίοις | Ἁλιαρτίος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 φρονήσασιν | obl | high | Dative with φρονήσασιν. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 μοῖρα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μοῖρα. |
| 11 | μοῖρα | μοῖρα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπεξῆλθε. |
| 12 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 στρατιᾶς | det | high | |
| 13 | Ξέρξου | Ξέρξης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 στρατιᾶς | nmod | high | |
| 14 | στρατιᾶς | στρατιά | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 μοῖρα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μοῖρα. |
| 15 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | obj | high | Coordinated object with τὴν πόλιν. |
| 16 | τέ | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 καὶ | cc | high | Correlative coordination with καί. |
| 17 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | obl | high | Dative of possession/interest with γῆν and πόλιν. |
| 18 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | ADV | _ | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | advmod | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 γῆν | cc | high | Coordinates the two accusative objects. |
| 20 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 21 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 γῆν | conj | high | Second coordinated accusative object. |
| 22 | ἐπεξῆλθε | ἐπεξέρχομαι | VERB | V3SAAI | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 23 | καίουσα | καίω | VERB | VPAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | advcl | high | Predicative/circumstantial participle agreeing with μοῖρα. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | punct | high |
ἐν Ἁλιάρτῳ δέ ἐστι Λυσάνδρου τοῦ Λακεδαιμονίου μνῆμα·
Existential εἰμί has the memorial μνῆμα as its nominative predicate/subject, with Λυσάνδρου as an attributive genitive and τοῦ Λακεδαιμονίου modifying Λυσάνδρου; ἐν governs the locative dative Ἁλιάρτῳ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | PronType=Art | 2 Ἁλιάρτῳ | case | high | |
| 2 | Ἁλιάρτῳ | Ἁλίαρτος | PROPN | NpmSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστι | obl | high | Locative dative governed by ἐν. |
| 3 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἐστι | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V3spia | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular verb. |
| 5 | Λυσάνδρου | Λύσανδρος | PROPN | NpmSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 μνῆμα | nmod | high | |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Λακεδαιμονίου | det | high | |
| 7 | Λακεδαιμονίου | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-mgms | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Λυσάνδρου | amod | high | Ethnic adjective agreeing with Λυσάνδρου. |
| 8 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-snn | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Nominative memorial in the existential construction. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστι | punct | high |
προσβαλὼν γὰρ τῷ Ἁλιάρτῳ πρὸς τὸ τεῖχος στρατιᾶς ἔκ τε Θηβῶν ἐνούσης ἔνδον καὶ ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν καὶ ἐπεξελθόντων τῶν πολεμίων ἔπεσεν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ.
The participle προσβαλών is circumstantial with implicit masculine subject, while ἔπεσεν is the finite root. στρατιᾶς is a genitive absolute-like construction with ἐνούσης, coordinated with the genitive absolute ἐπεξελθόντων τῶν πολεμίων; the exact attachment of the στρατιᾶς phrase is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προσβαλὼν | προσβάλλω | VERB | VAAP-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 21 ἔπεσεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, subject understood as the subject of ἔπεσεν. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 προσβαλὼν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA---DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ἁλιάρτῳ | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἁλιάρτῳ | Ἁλίαρτος | PROPN | NP---DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 προσβαλὼν | obl | high | Dative with προσβαλών, denoting the place/object attacked. |
| 5 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P-------- | _ | 7 τεῖχος | case | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA---ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 τεῖχος | det | high | |
| 7 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | NC---ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 προσβαλὼν | obl | high | Prepositional complement with πρὸς. |
| 8 | στρατιᾶς | στρατιά | NOUN | NC---GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐνούσης | nsubj | low | Genitive subject of ἐνούσης in a genitive absolute-like construction; attachment is syntactically uncertain. |
| 9 | ἔκ | ἐκ | ADP | P-------- | _ | 11 Θηβῶν | case | high | |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἔκ | cc | medium | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 11 | Θηβῶν | Θῆβαι | PROPN | NP---GFN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ἐνούσης | obl | high | Source complement with ἐνούσης. |
| 12 | ἐνούσης | εἰμί | AUX | VPPP-SGF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 21 ἔπεσεν | advcl | medium | Present participle in a genitive absolute-like phrase; finite form is εἰμί. |
| 13 | ἔνδον | ἔνδον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 12 ἐνούσης | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐνούσης. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἐνούσης | cc | high | Coordinates the following source phrase with the preceding one. |
| 15 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | P-------- | _ | 16 Ἀθηνῶν | case | high | |
| 16 | Ἀθηνῶν | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | NP---GFN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 ἐπεξελθόντων | obl | high | Source complement with ἐπεξελθόντων. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἐπεξελθόντων | cc | high | Coordinates the second participial clause. |
| 18 | ἐπεξελθόντων | ἐπεξέρχομαι | VERB | VAAP-PGN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plur|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 21 ἔπεσεν | advcl | high | Aorist participle in a genitive absolute with τῶν πολεμίων. |
| 19 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 πολεμίων | det | high | |
| 20 | πολεμίων | πολέμιος | ADJ | A--GPM- | substantivized=Yes|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἐπεξελθόντων | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, subject of ἐπεξελθόντων. |
| 21 | ἔπεσεν | πίπτω | VERB | VAAI3S---- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate and sentence root. |
| 22 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P-------- | _ | 24 μάχῃ | case | high | |
| 23 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA---DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 μάχῃ | det | high | |
| 24 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | NC---DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἔπεσεν | obl | high | Locative circumstance with ἐν. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἔπεσεν | punct | high |