Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 9.32.9

← 9.32.8 9.33.1 →

Passage 9.32.9

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

84Greek tokens

2,631input tokens

6,462output tokens

Sentence 1

9.32.9 sentence 1

Tokens: 14
Input: 695
Output: 1,130
Total: 1,825

τάδε μὲν Λυσάνδρῳ τὰ ἐς δόξαν ὑπάρχοντα ἦν, ἄλλα δὲ τοσάδε ὀνείδη.

Copular clause: τάδε is the subject and ἦν the copula; Λυσάνδρῳ is a dative of possession, with τὰ ἐς δόξαν ὑπάρχοντα as the possessed predicative expression. The second coordinated nominal clause has ἄλλα ... ὀνείδη, with omitted ἦν understood.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τάδε	ὅδε	PRON	PDN-APN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	8 ἦν	nsubj	high
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	_	_	1 τάδε	discourse	high	Correlative particle; paired with δὲ.
3	Λυσάνδρῳ	Λύσανδρος	PROPN	NEPMS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|NameType=Giv\|Number=Sing	8 ἦν	iobj	medium	Dative of possession with ἦν.
4	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	7 ὑπάρχοντα	det	high
5	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	6 δόξαν	case	high	Variant form of εἰς.
6	δόξαν	δόξα	NOUN	NAFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ὑπάρχοντα	obl	high	Object of ἐς in the idiom ἐς δόξαν.
7	ὑπάρχοντα	ὑπάρχω	VERB	VPPANSM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	8 ἦν	xcomp	medium	Substantivized participle, ‘things contributing to renown’; predicative/complementary to ἦν.
8	ἦν	εἰμί	AUX	V3SIAI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἦν	punct	high
10	ἄλλα	ἄλλος	PRON	APN-APN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Ind	13 ὀνείδη	nsubj	medium	Substantivized adjective/pronominal form; nominative subject of an elided copula.
11	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	_	_	10 ἄλλα	cc	high	Coordinates the second nominal clause.
12	τοσάδε	τοσόσδε	DET	DXN-APN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	13 ὀνείδη	det	medium	Demonstrative/quantifying determiner modifying ὀνείδη.
13	ὀνείδη	ὄνειδος	NOUN	NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 ἦν	conj	medium	Predicate nominal or coordinated nominal complement under an elided ἦν.
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἦν	punct	high

Sentence 2

9.32.9 sentence 2

Tokens: 48
Input: 1,131
Output: 3,673
Total: 4,804

Φιλοκλέα γὰρ Ἀθηναῖον ἐν Αἰγὸς ποταμοῖς καὶ αὐτὸν στρατηγοῦντα καὶ Ἀθηναίων τῶν ἄλλων ὅσον τετρακισχιλίους αἰχμαλώτους ὄντας ἀπέκτεινεν ὁ Λύσανδρος καί σφισιν οὐδὲ ἀποθανοῦσιν ἐπήνεγκε γῆν, ὃ καὶ Μήδων τοῖς ἀποβᾶσιν ἐς Μαραθῶνα ὑπῆρξε παρὰ Ἀθηναίων καὶ αὐτῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τοῖς πεσοῦσιν ἐν Θερμοπύλαις ἐκ βασιλέως Ξέρξου.

Main predicate ἀπέκτεινεν has coordinated accusative objects Φιλοκλέα and the understood/explicit group of Athenian prisoners, with στρατηγοῦντα and ὄντας participial modifiers. ἐπήνεγκε is coordinated, with γῆν as object and σφισιν/ἀποθανοῦσιν as indirect recipient; ὃ introduces a relative clause whose subject is γῆν and whose predicate is ὑπῆρξε. Some participial and quantifier attachment is syntactically interpretive.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Φιλοκλέα	Φιλοκλῆς	PROPN	neut_acc_sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 ἀπέκτεινεν	obj	high
2	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	part	_	18 ἀπέκτεινεν	discourse	high
3	Ἀθηναῖον	Ἀθηναῖος	ADJ	adj_acc_sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 Φιλοκλέα	amod	high	Ethnic adjective used substantivally/appositionally.
4	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	prep	_	6 ποταμοῖς	case	high
5	Αἰγὸς	Αἰγός	PROPN	prop_gen_sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ποταμοῖς	nmod	high
6	ποταμοῖς	ποταμός	NOUN	noun_dat_pl	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 στρατηγοῦντα	obl	high	Locative dative with ἐν.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	conj	_	9 στρατηγοῦντα	cc	high
8	αὐτὸν	αὐτός	PRON	pron_acc_sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	9 στρατηγοῦντα	obj	medium	Accusative subject/object of the participial construction, coordinated with the prisoner phrase.
9	στρατηγοῦντα	στρατηγέω	VERB	verb_pres_act_ptcp_acc_sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	18 ἀπέκτεινεν	advcl	medium	Supplementary participle, probably predicated of Φιλοκλέα/αὐτόν.
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	conj	_	17 ὄντας	cc	high
11	Ἀθηναίων	Ἀθηναῖος	ADJ	adj_gen_pl	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 αἰχμαλώτους	nmod	high	Partitive/genitival modifier of αἰχμαλώτους.
12	τῶν	ὁ	DET	det_gen_pl	Case=Gen\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 ἄλλων	det	high
13	ἄλλων	ἄλλος	ADJ	adj_gen_pl	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 Ἀθηναίων	amod	high	Substantival adjective within the partitive phrase.
14	ὅσον	ὅσος	DET	det_acc_pl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Ind	15 τετρακισχιλίους	det	medium	Quantifier agreeing with τετρακισχιλίους; often analyzed as a quantitative modifier.
15	τετρακισχιλίους	τετρακισχίλιοι	NUM	num_acc_pl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|NumType=Card\|Number=Plur	16 αἰχμαλώτους	nummod	high
16	αἰχμαλώτους	αἰχμάλωτος	NOUN	noun_acc_pl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 ὄντας	xcomp	medium	Accusative plural, with ὄντας forming a supplementary/depictive participial phrase.
17	ὄντας	εἰμί	AUX	verb_pres_act_ptcp_acc_pl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	18 ἀπέκτεινεν	advcl	medium	Supplementary participle agreeing with αἰχμαλώτους.
18	ἀπέκτεινεν	ἀποκτείνω	VERB	verb_aor_act_ind_3sg	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
19	ὁ	ὁ	DET	det_nom_sg	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 Λύσανδρος	det	high
20	Λύσανδρος	Λύσανδρος	PROPN	prop_nom_sg	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 ἀπέκτεινεν	nsubj	high
21	καί	καί	CCONJ	conj	_	25 ἐπήνεγκε	cc	high	Coordinates ἐπήνεγκε with ἀπέκτεινεν.
22	σφισιν	σφεῖς	PRON	pron_dat_pl	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	25 ἐπήνεγκε	iobj	high
23	οὐδὲ	οὐδέ	CCONJ	conj	_	25 ἐπήνεγκε	cc	high	Negative coordinator/adverbial connective.
24	ἀποθανοῦσιν	ἀποθνῄσκω	VERB	verb_aor_act_ptcp_dat_pl	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	22 σφισιν	acl	high	Participial modifier of the dative pronoun, 'even after their death'.
25	ἐπήνεγκε	ἐπιφέρω	VERB	verb_aor_act_ind_3sg	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	18 ἀπέκτεινεν	conj	high
26	γῆν	γῆ	NOUN	noun_acc_sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 ἐπήνεγκε	obj	high
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	25 ἐπήνεγκε	punct	high
28	ὃ	ὅς	PRON	pron_acc_sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	35 ὑπῆρξε	obj	medium	Relative pronoun resumes γῆν as a neuter relative, with ὑπῆρξε understood in the sense 'was granted/available'.
29	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	conj	_	32 ἀποβᾶσιν	cc	high
30	Μήδων	Μῆδος	NOUN	noun_gen_pl	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	32 ἀποβᾶσιν	nmod	high	Genitive of the deceased/subject group.
31	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	det_dat_pl	Case=Dat\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	32 ἀποβᾶσιν	det	high
32	ἀποβᾶσιν	ἀποβαίνω	VERB	verb_aor_act_ptcp_dat_pl	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	35 ὑπῆρξε	iobj	high	Dative recipients/beneficiaries, 'for those who landed'.
33	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	prep	_	34 Μαραθῶνα	case	high
34	Μαραθῶνα	Μαραθών	PROPN	prop_acc_sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 ἀποβᾶσιν	obl	high
35	ὑπῆρξε	ὑπάρχω	VERB	verb_aor_act_ind_3sg	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	parataxis	medium	Semantically a new coordinated/relative-clause predicate; treated as parataxis to the main root because ὃ is its object/resumptive complement.
36	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	prep	_	37 Ἀθηναίων	case	high
37	Ἀθηναίων	Ἀθηναῖος	ADJ	adj_gen_pl	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	35 ὑπῆρξε	obl	high	Ethnic adjective substantivally used for 'from the Athenians'.
38	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	conj	_	40 Λακεδαιμονίων	cc	high
39	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	pron_gen_pl	Case=Gen\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	40 Λακεδαιμονίων	advmod	medium	Intensifying/emphatic genitive, 'the very Lacedaemonians'.
40	Λακεδαιμονίων	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	prop_gen_pl	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	37 Ἀθηναίων	conj	high	Coordinated genitive complement of παρά.
41	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	det_dat_pl	Case=Dat\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	42 πεσοῦσιν	det	high
42	πεσοῦσιν	πίπτω	VERB	verb_aor_act_ptcp_dat_pl	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	35 ὑπῆρξε	iobj	high	Dative recipients/beneficiaries, 'for those who fell'.
43	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	prep	_	44 Θερμοπύλαις	case	high
44	Θερμοπύλαις	Θερμοπύλαι	PROPN	prop_dat_pl	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	42 πεσοῦσιν	obl	high
45	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	prep	_	47 Ξέρξου	case	high
46	βασιλέως	βασιλεύς	NOUN	noun_gen_sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	47 Ξέρξου	nmod	high	Appositional/title noun with Ξέρξου.
47	Ξέρξου	Ξέρξης	PROPN	prop_gen_sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	42 πεσοῦσιν	obl	high	Agent/source phrase with ἐκ, 'from King Xerxes'.
48	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	35 ὑπῆρξε	punct	high

Sentence 3

9.32.9 sentence 3

Tokens: 22
Input: 805
Output: 1,659
Total: 2,464

μείζονα δὲ ἔτι Λακεδαιμονίοις ὀνείδη γενέσθαι παρεσκεύασεν ὁ Λύσανδρος ἐπί τε δεκαδαρχίαις ἃς κατέστησε ταῖς πόλεσι καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς Λάκωσιν ἁρμοσταῖς.

Infinitival subject γενέσθαι ὀνείδη is governed by παρεσκεύασεν; μείζονα agrees with ὀνείδη. The two ἐπί phrases coordinate: the first takes dative δεκαδαρχίαις, with ἃς κατέστησε modifying δεκαδαρχίαις, while the second takes dative ἁρμοσταῖς, coordinated by τε ... καί.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	μείζονα	μέγας	ADJ	A-ASM/P	Case=Acc\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	5 ὀνείδη	amod	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	7 παρεσκεύασεν	cc	high
3	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	ADV	_	1 μείζονα	advmod	high
4	Λακεδαιμονίοις	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	A-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 ὀνείδη	iobj	high	Dative of the persons to whom the disgrace accrued.
5	ὀνείδη	ὄνειδος	NOUN	N-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	6 γενέσθαι	nsubj	high	Subject accusative is not required here: the infinitive is middle/passive γενέσθαι, with ὀνείδη as nominative subject.
6	γενέσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-AMN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	7 παρεσκεύασεν	xcomp	high
7	παρεσκεύασεν	παρασκευάζω	VERB	V-3AAI-S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
8	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 Λύσανδρος	det	high
9	Λύσανδρος	Λύσανδρος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 παρεσκεύασεν	nsubj	high
10	ἐπί	ἐπί	ADP	P-DAT	_	12 δεκαδαρχίαις	case	high	Preposition governing dative.
11	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	10 ἐπί	cc	medium	First member of τε ... καί coordination.
12	δεκαδαρχίαις	δεκαδαρχία	NOUN	N-DPF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	7 παρεσκεύασεν	obl	high
13	ἃς	ὅς	PRON	R-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rel	14 κατέστησε	obj	high	Relative pronoun refers to δεκαδαρχίαις; accusative is the object of κατέστησε.
14	κατέστησε	καθίστημι	VERB	V-3AAI-S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	12 δεκαδαρχίαις	acl:relcl	high
15	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPF	Case=Dat\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	16 πόλεσι	det	high
16	πόλεσι	πόλις	NOUN	N-DPF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	14 κατέστησε	obl	high	Dative of placement/assignment with κατέστησε.
17	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	18 ἐπὶ	cc	high	Coordinates the second ἐπί phrase with the first.
18	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	P-DAT	_	21 ἁρμοσταῖς	case	high	Preposition governing dative.
19	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPM	Case=Dat\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	20 Λάκωσιν	det	high
20	Λάκωσιν	Λάκων	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 ἁρμοσταῖς	nmod	high	Dative attributive/associative with ἁρμοσταῖς.
21	ἁρμοσταῖς	ἁρμοστής	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 παρεσκεύασεν	obl	high
22	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	7 παρεσκεύασεν	punct	high

← 9.32.8 9.33.1 →