Grammar parses for passage 9.33.4
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῇ Ἁλιαρτίᾳ ποταμὸς Λόφις.
Existential clause with locative PP; the river name is in apposition to ποταμός.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential predicate; root of the clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | obl | high | Introduces locative phrase modifying ἔστι. |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ἁλιαρτίᾳ | det | high | Definite article modifying Ἁλιαρτίᾳ. |
| 5 | Ἁλιαρτίᾳ | Ἁλιαρτία | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐν | obj | medium | Proper name in dative after ἐν; treated as object of the adposition. |
| 6 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Subject of existential ἔστι. |
| 7 | Λόφις | Λόφις | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ποταμὸς | appos | high | Appositive proper name identifying the river. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
λέγεται δὲ τῆς χώρας αὐχμηρᾶς οὔσης τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ὕδατος οὐκ ὄντος ἐν αὐτῇ ἄνδρα τῶν δυναστευόντων ἐλθόντα ἐς Δελφοὺς ἐπερέσθαι τρόπον ὅντινα ὕδωρ εὑρήσουσιν ἐν τῇ γῇ·
Syntax is somewhat layered: a reporting verb with an infinitival complement, plus two genitive absolutes at the front and an accusative-with-infinitive construction inside the reported content.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PII3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | impersonal/passive reporting verb as clause root |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | discourse | high | postpositive particle |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 χώρας | det | high | article with χώρας |
| 4 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N-S---SF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 οὔσης | nsubj | medium | genitive absolute subject with participle οὔσης |
| 5 | αὐχμηρᾶς | αὐχμηρός | ADJ | A-PPP-SF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 χώρας | amod | high | predicate adjective in genitive absolute |
| 6 | οὔσης | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAPGSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | advcl | high | genitive absolute participle |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA--NSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ἄνδρα | det | medium | article modifying ἄνδρα? likely part of articular infinitive construction with ἐπερέσθαι; syntax somewhat difficult |
| 8 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 ἀρχῆς | case | high | preposition |
| 9 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 οὔσης | obl | medium | adverbial genitive with ἐξ, dependent on participial frame |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 οὐκ | cc | high | joins ὕδατος and ὄντος |
| 11 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ὄντος | nsubj | high | subject of genitive absolute with ὄντος |
| 12 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 13 ὄντος | advmod | high | negation |
| 13 | ὄντος | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAPGSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 οὔσης | advcl | high | genitive absolute participle |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 αὐτῇ | case | high | preposition |
| 15 | αὐτῇ | αὐτός | PRON | A-P---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 13 ὄντος | obl | high | locative complement of ὄντος |
| 16 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἐπερέσθαι | nsubj | high | accusative subject of infinitive |
| 17 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 δυναστευόντων | det | high | article with δυναστευόντων |
| 18 | δυναστευόντων | δυναστεύω | VERB | V-PAPGPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἄνδρα | nmod | high | partitive genitive modifying ἄνδρα |
| 19 | ἐλθόντα | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-AAP-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἄνδρα | acl | high | participial modifier of ἄνδρα |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 Δελφοὺς | case | high | preposition |
| 21 | Δελφοὺς | Δελφοί | PROPN | Np-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἐλθόντα | obl | high | goal of ἐλθόντα |
| 22 | ἐπερέσθαι | ἐπερωτάω | VERB | V--NNE--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | high | complement infinitive after λέγεται |
| 23 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἐπερέσθαι | obj | high | internal accusative with ἐπερέσθαι, 'in what way' |
| 24 | ὅντινα | ὅστις | PRON | Pr----MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 26 εὑρήσουσιν | obj | high | relative/interrogative modifier of τρόπον; refers to τρόπον as 'which' |
| 25 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 εὑρήσουσιν | obj | high | object of εὑρήσουσιν |
| 26 | εὑρήσουσιν | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-FAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 24 ὅντινα | acl:relcl | high | relative clause modifying τρόπον/ὅντινα |
| 27 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 29 γῇ | case | high | preposition |
| 28 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 γῇ | det | high | article with γῇ |
| 29 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 εὑρήσουσιν | obl | high | locative complement of εὑρήσουσιν |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high | sentence punctuation |
τὴν δὲ Πυθίαν προστάσσειν, ὃς ἂν ἐπανήκοντι ἐς Ἁλίαρτον ἐντύχῃ οἱ πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων, τούτου δεῖν φονέα γενέσθαι αὐτόν.
The syntax is a reported directive with two infinitival complements; the relative clause ὃς ἂν ... ἐντύχῃ contains a dative participial form and a somewhat unclear οἱ, which is annotated cautiously.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Πυθίαν | det | high | Article modifying Πυθίαν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 4 προστάσσειν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Πυθίαν | Πυθία | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 προστάσσειν | obj | high | Accusative object of προστάσσειν. |
| 4 | προστάσσειν | προστάσσω | VERB | v--pna--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main infinitive governing the reported directive. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 προστάσσειν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 11 ἐντύχῃ | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun, subject of ἐντύχῃ. |
| 7 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | g-------- | _ | 11 ἐντύχῃ | advmod | high | Modal particle with subjunctive. |
| 8 | ἐπανήκοντι | ἐπανήκω | VERB | v-pppdmd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἐντύχῃ | advcl | medium | Dative participle, likely circumstantial and modifying the relative clause predicate. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 11 ἐντύχῃ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 10 | Ἁλίαρτον | Ἁλίαρτος | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐντύχῃ | obl | high | Prepositional object of ἐντύχῃ. |
| 11 | ἐντύχῃ | ἐντυγχάνω | VERB | v--sasm--- | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 προστάσσειν | ccomp | high | Subordinate clause dependent on προστάσσειν. |
| 12 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ἐντύχῃ | iobj | medium | Likely dative pronoun/article functioning as indirect object; context is somewhat uncertain. |
| 13 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 15 ἄλλων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 ἄλλων | det | high | Article with ἄλλων. |
| 15 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐντύχῃ | obl | medium | Genitive phrase with πρὸ, likely adverbial to ἐντύχῃ. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐντύχῃ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | d-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 18 δεῖν | obj | high | Genitive dependent of δεῖν. |
| 18 | δεῖν | δεῖ | VERB | v--pna--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 προστάσσειν | ccomp | high | Complement infinitive under προστάσσειν. |
| 19 | φονέα | φονεύς | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 γενέσθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of γενέσθαι. |
| 20 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | v--ana--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 18 δεῖν | xcomp | high | Complement of δεῖν. |
| 21 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 20 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Subject of infinitive γενέσθαι. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 προστάσσειν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐντυχεῖν τε δὴ αὐτῷ παραγενομένῳ τὸν υἱὸν Λόφιν
Participial phrase παραγενομένῳ modifies αὐτῷ; overall syntax is fragmentary and infinitival.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐντυχεῖν | ἐντυγχάνω | VERB | V--PAN--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Infinitive functioning as clause head. |
| 2 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 ἐντυχεῖν | discourse | high | Enclitic coordinating/continuative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 ἐντυχεῖν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3msd--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 1 ἐντυχεῖν | obl | high | Dative object of ἐντυχεῖν. |
| 5 | παραγενομένῳ | παραγίγνομαι | VERB | V--AMPD-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 4 αὐτῷ | acl | high | Aorist middle participle agreeing with αὐτῷ. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S--AMS--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 υἱὸν | det | high | Article modifying υἱόν. |
| 7 | υἱὸν | υἱός | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐντυχεῖν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐντυχεῖν. |
| 8 | Λόφιν | Λόφις | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 υἱὸν | flat | medium | Proper name in apposition/identifier of υἱόν. |
καὶ τὸν οὐ μελλήσαντα τῷ ξίφει τὸν νεανίσκον παῖσαι·
The syntax is elliptical/reportive: the infinitive παῖσαι functions as the main predication, with the accusative participial phrase modifying the object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 παῖσαι | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction introducing the clause. |
| 2 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 μελλήσαντα | det | high | Article modifying μελλήσαντα. |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PRT | _ | 4 μελλήσαντα | advmod | high | Negation of the participle. |
| 4 | μελλήσαντα | μέλλω | VERB | PAP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 παῖσαι | advcl | medium | Accusative participle modifying the object phrase; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ξίφει | det | high | Article modifying ξίφει. |
| 6 | ξίφει | ξίφος | NOUN | N-S---D- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 παῖσαι | obl | high | Dative of instrument. |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 νεανίσκον | det | high | Article modifying νεανίσκον. |
| 8 | νεανίσκον | νεανίσκος | NOUN | N-S---A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 παῖσαι | obj | high | Direct object of παῖσαι. |
| 9 | παῖσαι | παίω | VERB | V--AAN--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Infinitive as sentence root in indirect/reportive style. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 παῖσαι | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἐπὶ τούτῳ μὲν ὁ ποταμὸς καλεῖται Λόφις·
Straightforward copular-like naming construction with ἐπὶ τούτῳ as an initial prepositional phrase and Λόφις as the named predicate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 2 τούτῳ | case | high | Preposition governing τούτῳ. |
| 2 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | Pd--dsm- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 6 καλεῖται | obl | high | Dative object of the preposition ἐπί. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 6 καλεῖται | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Dd--nsm- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ποταμὸς | det | high | Definite article modifying ποταμός. |
| 5 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 καλεῖται | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of passive-like καλεῖται. |
| 6 | καλεῖται | καλέω | VERB | v3spip--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 7 | Λόφις | Λόφις | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 καλεῖται | xcomp | medium | Predicative nominative/name after ‘is called’; could also be appositive in a looser analysis. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 καλεῖται | punct | high | Punctuation. |