Grammar parses for passage 9.38.4
Open translation for this passage
οὕτω τοῖς θεοπρόποις ἀποβᾶσιν ἐς τὴν γῆν πέτραν τε οὐ πόρρω τῆς ὁδοῦ καὶ τὴν ὄρνιθα ἐπὶ τῇ πέτρᾳ φασὶν ὀφθῆναι·
The dative participle ἀποβᾶσιν is circumstantial with τοῖς θεοπρόποις; φασὶν governs the accusative-and-infinitive, with πέτραν and τὴν ὄρνιθα coordinated objects of ὀφθῆναι. The syntax of οὕτω is somewhat loose/context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | DΠΡΡ | PronType=Dem | 20 φασὶν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | RA-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 θεοπρόποις | det | high | |
| 3 | θεοπρόποις | θεοπρόπος | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἀποβᾶσιν | obl | high | |
| 4 | ἀποβᾶσιν | ἀποβαίνω | VERB | VAAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 φασὶν | advcl | high | Circumstantial dative participle agreeing with τοῖς θεοπρόποις. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 7 γῆν | case | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 γῆν | det | high | |
| 7 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀποβᾶσιν | obl | high | |
| 8 | πέτραν | πέτρα | NOUN | N-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ὀφθῆναι | obj | medium | First coordinated accusative subject/object in the infinitival construction; semantic role is the thing seen. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 8 πέτραν | cc | high | Correlative coordination with καὶ. |
| 10 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 11 πόρρω | advmod | high | |
| 11 | πόρρω | πόρρω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 πέτραν | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier of πέτραν: a rock not far from the road. |
| 12 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-SGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ὁδοῦ | det | high | |
| 13 | ὁδοῦ | ὁδός | NOUN | N-SGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 πόρρω | obl | high | Genitive complement of πόρρω. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 16 ὄρνιθα | cc | high | Coordinates the second accusative object with πέτραν. |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ὄρνιθα | det | high | |
| 16 | ὄρνιθα | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ὀφθῆναι | obj | high | Second coordinated accusative object/subject of the passive infinitive. |
| 17 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 19 πέτρᾳ | case | high | |
| 18 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA-SDF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 πέτρᾳ | det | high | |
| 19 | πέτρᾳ | πέτρα | NOUN | N-SDF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ὄρνιθα | obl | high | Locative complement of ὄρνιθα: the bird on the rock. |
| 20 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 21 | ὀφθῆναι | ὁράω | VERB | V-APN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 20 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Accusative-and-infinitive complement of φασίν; πέτραν and ὄρνιθα are understood accusative subjects. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 φασὶν | punct | high |
καὶ τοῦ Ἡσιόδου δὲ τὰ ὀστᾶ εὗρον ἐν χηραμῷ τῆς πέτρας.
The sentence means that they also found Hesiod’s bones in a recess/crevice of the rock; χηραμῷ is a rare locative noun governed by ἐν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 εὗρον | cc | high | |
| 2 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἡσιόδου | det | high | |
| 3 | Ἡσιόδου | Ἡσίοδος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὀστᾶ | nmod:poss | high | |
| 4 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 εὗρον | cc | high | Postpositive connective; coordinated with the clause's verbal nucleus. |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ὀστᾶ | det | high | |
| 6 | ὀστᾶ | ὀστέον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 εὗρον | obj | high | |
| 7 | εὗρον | εὑρίσκω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Subject is understood plural, likely the previously mentioned people. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 9 χηραμῷ | case | high | |
| 9 | χηραμῷ | χηραμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 εὗρον | obl | medium | Rare noun; locative dative governed by ἐν. |
| 10 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 πέτρας | det | high | |
| 11 | πέτρας | πέτρα | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 χηραμῷ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on χηραμῷ, specifying the rock's crevice/recess. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εὗρον | punct | high |
καὶ ἐλεγεῖα ἐπὶ τῷ μνήματι ἐπεγέγραπτο·
The neuter plural subject ἐλεγεῖα takes a singular verb; ἐπὶ τῷ μνήματι is a locative dative phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 2 ἐλεγεῖα | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἐλεγεῖα | ἐλεγεῖον | NOUN | N-nom/acc-pl-neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπεγέγραπτο | nsubj:pass | high | Neuter plural subject of the impersonal/passive inscription verb. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 5 μνήματι | case | high | With dative, locative sense. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-dat-sg-neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 μνήματι | det | high | |
| 5 | μνήματι | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-dat-sg-neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐπεγέγραπτο | obl | high | Dative locative complement: on the tomb. |
| 6 | ἐπεγέγραπτο | ἐπιγράφω | VERB | V-plup-ind-mid-3sg | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Pluperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Pluperfect middle/passive form, here passive: had been inscribed. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπεγέγραπτο | punct | high |
Ἄσκρη μὲν πατρὶς πολυλήιος, ἀλλὰ θανόντος ὀστέα πληξίππων γῆ Μινυῶν κατέχει Ἡσιόδου, τοῦ πλεῖστον ἐν Ἑλλάδι κῦδος ὀρεῖται ἀνδρῶν κρινομένων ἐν βασάνῳ σοφίης.
The syntax contrasts Ascre as Hesiod’s homeland with the Minyan land that holds his bones; the following clause states that Hesiod’s glory is greatest in Greece when men are tested in the ordeal of wisdom.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄσκρη | Ἄσκρη | PROPN | Ne-S---Nom | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 πατρὶς | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 3 πατρὶς | discourse | high | Correlative μέν introduces contrast with ἀλλά. |
| 3 | πατρὶς | πατρίς | NOUN | Nf-S---Nom | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 κατέχει | conj | medium | Predicate nominative/subject of the first coordinated clause. |
| 4 | πολυλήιος | πολυλήιος | ADJ | Af-S---Nom | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 πατρὶς | amod | high | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 πατρὶς | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 12 κατέχει | cc | high | |
| 7 | θανόντος | θνῄσκω | VERB | VAAP-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 Ἡσιόδου | acl | medium | Genitive absolute with understood Ἡσιόδου: ‘after he died’; attached here to the possessive genitive. |
| 8 | ὀστέα | ὀστέον | NOUN | Ne-P---Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 κατέχει | obj | high | |
| 9 | πληξίππων | πληξίππος | ADJ | Af-S---Gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 γῆ | amod | medium | Poetic epithet agreeing with γῆ. |
| 10 | γῆ | γῆ | NOUN | Nf-S---Nom | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 κατέχει | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | Μινυῶν | Μινύαι | PROPN | Np-P---Gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 γῆ | nmod | high | |
| 12 | κατέχει | κατέχω | VERB | VPAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | Ἡσιόδου | Ἡσίοδος | PROPN | Ne-S---Gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὀστέα | nmod | high | Possessive genitive: ‘the bones of Hesiod’. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 κατέχει | punct | high | |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | R--------GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 πλεῖστον | det | medium | Articular genitive pronoun-like reference to Hesiod. |
| 16 | πλεῖστον | πολύς | ADV | A-S---ASM | Degree=Sup | 20 ὀρεῖται | advmod | high | Adverbial superlative: ‘most greatly’. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 Ἑλλάδι | case | high | |
| 18 | Ἑλλάδι | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | Ne-S---Dat | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ὀρεῖται | obl | high | |
| 19 | κῦδος | κῦδος | NOUN | Ne-S---Nom | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ὀρεῖται | nsubj | medium | Subject of middle/passive ὀρεῖται, with τοῦ understood as its genitive possessor. |
| 20 | ὀρεῖται | ὀρέω | VERB | VPPI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 12 κατέχει | parataxis | medium | Second finite clause, coordinated/loosely appended to κατέχει. |
| 21 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | Nm-P---Gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 κρινομένων | nmod | high | |
| 22 | κρινομένων | κρίνω | VERB | VPPP-PGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 20 ὀρεῖται | advcl | medium | Genitive plural participial adjunct: ‘when men are judged’. |
| 23 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 βασάνῳ | case | high | |
| 24 | βασάνῳ | βάσανος | NOUN | Nf-S---Dat | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 κρινομένων | obl | high | |
| 25 | σοφίης | σοφία | NOUN | Nf-S---Gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 βασάνῳ | nmod | high | Epic/dialectal genitive ‘of wisdom’. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ὀρεῖται | punct | high |