Grammar parses for passage 9.39.1
Open translation for this passage
τὰ μὲν δὴ πρὸς τῶν ὀρῶν Φωκεῖς ὑπεροικοῦσιν Ὀρχομενίων, ἐν δὲ τῷ πεδίῳ Λεβάδειά ἐστιν αὐτοῖς ὅμορος.
The first clause has fronted τὰ ... πρὸς τῶν ὀρῶν as a substantivized neuter plural phrase, probably referring to the territory toward the mountains; Φωκεῖς is the subject of ὑπεροικοῦσιν, with Ὀρχομενίων as a genitive dependent on the compound verb. In the second clause Λεβάδεια is a predicate noun with ἐστιν, αὐτοῖς is possessive/dative, and ὅμορος is predicative adjective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ὑπεροικοῦσιν | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural article; object/territorial complement of ὑπεροικοῦσιν. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 8 ὑπεροικοῦσιν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 8 ὑπεροικοῦσιν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 6 ὀρῶν | case | high | Preposition governing τῶν ὀρῶν. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ὀρῶν | det | high | |
| 6 | ὀρῶν | ὄρος | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 τὰ | nmod | high | Genitive governed by πρός. |
| 7 | Φωκεῖς | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ὑπεροικοῦσιν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally as subject. |
| 8 | ὑπεροικοῦσιν | ὑπενοικέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Compound verb; spelling and lexical analysis are somewhat uncertain, but context means ‘occupy/live above or beyond’. |
| 9 | Ὀρχομενίων | Ὀρχομενίος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ὑπεροικοῦσιν | obl | medium | Genitive associated with the compound verb, likely ‘above/beyond the Orchomenians’. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ὑπεροικοῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 14 πεδίῳ | case | high | Preposition governing τῷ πεδίῳ. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 Λεβάδειά | cc | high | Contrastive coordinator introducing the second clause. |
| 13 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 πεδίῳ | det | high | |
| 14 | πεδίῳ | πεδίον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 Λεβάδειά | obl | high | Dative object of ἐν, forming a locative phrase. |
| 15 | Λεβάδειά | Λεβάδεια | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject/predicate nominal of εἰμί; accent in input is retained. |
| 16 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the second coordinated clause. |
| 17 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 18 ὅμορος | obl | medium | Dative of possession/reference, ‘for them/their’. |
| 18 | ὅμορος | ὅμορος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with Λεβάδεια. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐστιν | punct | high |
αὕτη τὸ μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ᾠκεῖτο ἐπὶ μετεώρου καὶ ὠνομάζετο Μίδεια ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀσπληδόνος μητρός·
The sentence has two coordinated imperfect passive/middle predicates: αὕτη is their subject; τὸ μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς is a temporal/topic phrase, and Μίδεια is the predicative name with ἀπό governing its maternal eponym. The exact force of ἐπὶ μετεώρου is locative ('on high ground').
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὕτη | οὗτος | PRON | Pd--n-sf- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 6 ᾠκεῖτο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L--nn-s--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἀρχῆς | det | high | Article substantivizes the temporal phrase with μὲν. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 6 ᾠκεῖτο | discourse | high | Correlative/topic particle; no explicit δέ occurs in this sentence. |
| 4 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R- | _ | 5 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 5 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N--g-sf- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ᾠκεῖτο | obl | high | Temporal genitive phrase, 'from the beginning'. |
| 6 | ᾠκεῖτο | οἰκέω | VERB | V3IIM-S--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect passive/middle form; construed here as 'was situated/inhabited'. |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 8 μετεώρου | case | high | |
| 8 | μετεώρου | μετέωρος | ADJ | A--g-sn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ᾠκεῖτο | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective; genitive after ἐπί in the locative sense. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 10 ὠνομάζετο | cc | high | |
| 10 | ὠνομάζετο | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V3IIM-S--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Pass | 6 ᾠκεῖτο | conj | high | Coordinated imperfect passive, 'was called'. |
| 11 | Μίδεια | Μίδεια | PROPN | Ne-sf---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὠνομάζετο | xcomp | high | Predicative name after passive ὠνομάζετο. |
| 12 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R- | _ | 14 Ἀσπληδόνος | case | high | |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L--g-sf- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Ἀσπληδόνος | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἀσπληδόνος | Ἀσπληδών | PROPN | Ne-g-sf---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 μητρός | nmod | medium | Genitive proper name, dependent on μητρός. |
| 15 | μητρός | μήτηρ | NOUN | N--g-sf- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὠνομάζετο | obl | medium | ἀπό phrase is attached through the maternal designation: 'after/from the mother Asp lydon'. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ᾠκεῖτο | punct | high |
Λεβάδου δὲ ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν ἐς αὐτὴν ἀφικομένου κατέβησάν τε ἐς τὸ χθαμαλὸν οἱ ἄνθρωποι καὶ ἐκλήθη Λεβάδεια ἡ πόλις ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ.
A genitive absolute (Λεβάδου ... ἀφικομένου) precedes coordinated predicates: the people descended, and the city was named Lebadeia after him.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λεβάδου | Λέβαδος | PROPN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀφικομένου | nsubj | medium | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 κατέβησάν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Ἀθηνῶν | case | high | |
| 4 | Ἀθηνῶν | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N--GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἀφικομένου | obl | high | Source with ἐξ. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 αὐτὴν | case | high | |
| 6 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P--ASF-3S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 7 ἀφικομένου | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 7 | ἀφικομένου | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V--GSM-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 κατέβησάν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 8 | κατέβησάν | καταβαίνω | VERB | V3PAIA---- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 κατέβησάν | cc | high | Postpositive enclitic coordinating the two predicates. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 χθαμαλὸν | case | high | |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 χθαμαλὸν | det | high | |
| 12 | χθαμαλὸν | χθαμαλός | ADJ | A--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 κατέβησάν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, destination. |
| 13 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 ἄνθρωποι | det | high | |
| 14 | ἄνθρωποι | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 κατέβησάν | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἐκλήθη | cc | high | Coordinates ἐκλήθη with κατέβησαν. |
| 16 | ἐκλήθη | καλέω | VERB | V3SAPI---- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 8 κατέβησάν | conj | high | Passive naming predicate; subject is πόλις. |
| 17 | Λεβάδεια | Λεβάδεια | PROPN | N--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐκλήθη | xcomp | high | Predicative name with passive καλέω. |
| 18 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 πόλις | det | high | |
| 19 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐκλήθη | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 αὐτοῦ | case | high | |
| 21 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P--GSM-3S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 16 ἐκλήθη | obl | high | Source of the name, referring to Λέβαδος. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 κατέβησάν | punct | high |
πατέρα δὲ τοῦ Λεβάδου, καὶ καθʼ ἥντινα αἰτίαν ἦλθεν, οὐκ ἴσασιν ἄλλο ἢ γυναῖκα εἶναι Λεβάδου Λαονίκην.
Main predicate is οὐκ ἴσασιν with coordinated ἦλθεν; εἶναι γυναῖκα Λεβάδου Λαονίκην is an infinitival identification, with ἄλλο ἢ introducing the exceptive content.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πατέρα | πατήρ | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἴσασιν | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 13 ἴσασιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Λεβάδου | det | high | |
| 4 | Λεβάδου | Λεβάδος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 πατέρα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πατέρα. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἴσασιν | punct | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 10 ἦλθεν | cc | high | |
| 7 | καθʼ | κατά | ADP | r-------- | _ | 9 αἰτίαν | case | high | Apocopated/elided form before relative phrase. |
| 8 | ἥντινα | ὅστις | PRON | p-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 αἰτίαν | det | medium | Accusative feminine form agreeing with αἰτίαν; relative-indefinite. |
| 9 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἦλθεν | obl | high | Object of κατά in the temporal/causal phrase. |
| 10 | ἦλθεν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Act | 13 ἴσασιν | conj | high | Coordinated with the main assertion via καί. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἴσασιν | punct | high | |
| 12 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | Polarity=Neg | 13 ἴσασιν | advmod | high | |
| 13 | ἴσασιν | οἶδα | VERB | v3pria--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect-form verb with present meaning. |
| 14 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 εἶναι | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter in the exception construction ἄλλο ἢ. |
| 15 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 14 ἄλλο | cc | high | Introduces the excepted identification. |
| 16 | γυναῖκα | γυνή | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 17 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | v--pna--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ἴσασιν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of οὐκ ἴσασιν. |
| 18 | Λεβάδου | Λεβάδος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Λαονίκην | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Λαονίκην, indicating relation/identity. |
| 19 | Λαονίκην | Λαονίκη | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 γυναῖκα | appos | high | Appositional proper name identifying γυναῖκα. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἴσασιν | punct | high |