Grammar parses for passage 9.39.2
Open translation for this passage
κεκόσμηται μὲν δὴ τὰ ἄλλα σφίσιν ἡ πόλις ὁμοίως τοῖς Ἑλλήνων μάλιστα εὐδαίμοσι,
Main clause with particle pair μὲν δὴ; predicate κεκόσμηται governing subject ἡ πόλις, with σφίσιν as dative of respect/interest and a comparative phrase τοῖς Ἑλλήνων μάλιστα εὐδαίμοσι modifying ὁμοίως.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κεκόσμηται | κοσμέω | VERB | V-REDUP-PRF-MP-3SG | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb, perfect middle/passive. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 1 κεκόσμηται | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PRT | _ | 1 κεκόσμηται | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | ATR-ART | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἄλλα | det | high | Article with adjective used substantively/attributively. |
| 5 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-PL-NA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 κεκόσμηται | obj | medium | Likely object/complement of κεκόσμηται: 'the other things'. |
| 6 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3-DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 1 κεκόσμηται | obl | medium | Dative of reference/interest. |
| 7 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | ATR-ART | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πόλις | det | high | Article. |
| 8 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 κεκόσμηται | nsubj | high | Subject of κεκόσμηται. |
| 9 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | B | _ | 1 κεκόσμηται | advmod | high | Manner adverb modifying the verb/clause. |
| 10 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | ATR-ART | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 εὐδαίμοσι | det | high | Article with substantive adjective. |
| 11 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-AP?? | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 εὐδαίμοσι | nmod | low | Genitive dependent of εὐδαίμοσι; form is nominative/accusative-looking but context suggests genitive 'of the Greeks'. |
| 12 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | B | _ | 13 εὐδαίμοσι | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying εὐδαίμοσι. |
| 13 | εὐδαίμοσι | εὐδαίμων | ADJ | A-DP-? | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ὁμοίως | obl | medium | Dative phrase after ὁμοίως; adjective used substantively. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κεκόσμηται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
διείργει δὲ ἀπʼ αὐτῆς τὸ ἄλσος τοῦ Τροφωνίου ποταμὸς Ἕρκυνα.
The clause is straightforward except for ποταμὸς Ἕρκυνα, which is best analyzed as a nominative nominal apposition/second subject identifying the river.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διείργει | διείργω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 1 διείργει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 1 διείργει | case | high | Introduces source/origin phrase. |
| 4 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 ἀπʼ | obl | high | Object of the preposition, referring to the place just mentioned. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ἄλσος | det | high | Article modifying ἄλσος. |
| 6 | ἄλσος | ἄλσος | NOUN | n-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 διείργει | nsubj | high | Subject of διείργει. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Τροφωνίου | det | high | Article modifying Τροφωνίου. |
| 8 | Τροφωνίου | Τροφώνιος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἄλσος | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἄλσος. |
| 9 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 διείργει | nsubj | medium | Likely appositional second subject with Ἕρκυνα; Greek often allows predicate-like nominal order here. |
| 10 | Ἕρκυνα | Ἕρκυνα | PROPN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ποταμὸς | appos | medium | Proper name apposed to ποταμός; gender form suggests the river name. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 διείργει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
φασὶ δʼ ἐνταῦθα Ἕρκυναν ὁμοῦ Κόρῃ τῇ Δήμητρος παίζουσαν καὶ ἔχουσαν χῆνα ἀφεῖναι τοῦτον ἄκουσαν·
The core difficulty is the dense acc.-inf. construction with multiple accusative participles; ἄκουσαν likely resumes Ἕρκυναν, but the exact participial attachment is compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φασὶ | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main reporting verb. |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 φασὶ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 ἀφεῖναι | advmod | high | Locative modifier of infinitive clause. |
| 4 | Ἕρκυναν | Ἕρκυνα | PROPN | N-SF-A-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφεῖναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive. |
| 5 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 ἀφεῖναι | advmod | high | Modifier of the infinitival clause, likely 'together'. |
| 6 | Κόρῃ | Κόρη | PROPN | N-SF-D-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφεῖναι | obl | high | Dative with ὁμοῦ, 'together with Kore'. |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-?F-D-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Δήμητρος | det | high | Article with Δήμητρος. |
| 8 | Δήμητρος | Δημήτηρ | NOUN | N-SF-G-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Κόρῃ | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of Κόρῃ; appositional/attributive relation is somewhat uncertain. |
| 9 | παίζουσαν | παίζω | VERB | V-PAP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἀφεῖναι | advcl | high | Participial modifier coordinated with ἔχουσαν. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἔχουσαν | cc | high | Coordinates participles. |
| 11 | ἔχουσαν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 παίζουσαν | conj | high | Coordinated participle. |
| 12 | χῆνα | χήν | NOUN | N-SF-A-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἔχουσαν | obj | high | Object of ἔχουσαν. |
| 13 | ἀφεῖναι | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-ANA | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 φασὶ | ccomp | high | Complement clause after φασὶ. |
| 14 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | D-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 13 ἀφεῖναι | obj | high | Object of ἀφεῖναι. |
| 15 | ἄκουσαν | ἀκούω | VERB | V-PAP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἀφεῖναι | advcl | medium | Likely agreeing with Ἕρκυναν; syntax is compressed and participial attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φασὶ | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἐς δὲ ἄντρον κοῖλον ἐσπτάντος καὶ ὑπὸ λίθον ἀποκρύψαντος αὑτὸν
The sentence is fragmentary and consists mainly of coordinated genitive-absolute participles; I treat ἐσπτάντος as the root of the fragment, with ἀποκρύψαντος coordinated to it.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 3 ἄντρον | case | high | Preposition governing ἄντρον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἐσπτάντος | cc | high | Postpositive connective introducing the participial phrase. |
| 3 | ἄντρον | ἄντρον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐσπτάντος | obl | medium | Accusative complement of ἐς; participle ἐσπτάντος likely agrees with an implicit subject, so syntax is somewhat elliptical. |
| 4 | κοῖλον | κοῖλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἄντρον | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ἄντρον. |
| 5 | ἐσπτάντος | σπάω | VERB | PAP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Genitive absolute participle; headless in this fragment and taken as main root. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἀποκρύψαντος | cc | high | Connects the coordinated participle phrase. |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 8 λίθον | case | high | Preposition governing λίθον. |
| 8 | λίθον | λίθος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀποκρύψαντος | obl | medium | Object of ὑπό; likely part of the coordinated participial phrase. |
| 9 | ἀποκρύψαντος | ἀποκρύπτω | VERB | PAP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἐσπτάντος | conj | high | Coordinated with ἐσπτάντος; genitive absolute participle. |
| 10 | αὑτὸν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 9 ἀποκρύψαντος | obj | high | Reflexive object of ἀποκρύψαντος. |
ἐσελθοῦσα ἡ Κόρη λαμβάνει τὸν ὄρνιθα ὑπὸ τῷ λίθῳ κατακείμενον·
The syntax is straightforward: an aorist participial clause precedes the main clause, and the object is modified by a participle plus a prepositional phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐσελθοῦσα | εἰσέρχομαι | VERB | V-AAP-NSF | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 λαμβάνει | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, feminine nominative singular, adverbial participle modifying the main verb. |
| 2 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Κόρη | det | high | Article modifying Κόρη. |
| 3 | Κόρη | Κόρη | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 λαμβάνει | nsubj | high | Subject of λαμβάνει. |
| 4 | λαμβάνει | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ὄρνιθα | det | high | Article modifying ὄρνιθα. |
| 6 | ὄρνιθα | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 λαμβάνει | obj | high | Direct object of λαμβάνει. |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R | _ | 9 λίθῳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 λίθῳ | det | high | Article modifying λίθῳ. |
| 9 | λίθῳ | λίθος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 κατακείμενον | obl | medium | Dative complement within the prepositional phrase ὑπὸ τῷ λίθῳ. |
| 10 | κατακείμενον | κατάκειμαι | VERB | V-PPP-ASM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 6 ὄρνιθα | amod | medium | Participle agreeing with ὄρνιθα; could be parsed as a participial modifier of the object. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 λαμβάνει | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ῥυῆναί τε δὴ τὸ ὕδωρ ὅθεν ἀνείλετο ἡ Κόρη τὸν λίθον καὶ ὀνομασθῆναι τὸν ποταμὸν ἐπὶ τούτῳ λέγουσιν Ἕρκυναν.
The sentence has a main verb λέγουσιν governing two coordinated infinitival complements, each with its own internal clause or object structure.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ῥυῆναί | ῥέω | VERB | V--ANA | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 18 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Articular infinitive? here bare infinitive complement of λέγουσιν. |
| 2 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 ῥυῆναί | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 ῥυῆναί | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ὕδωρ | det | high | Article modifying ὕδωρ. |
| 5 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ῥυῆναί | obj | high | Accusative subject/object of infinitive ῥυῆναί. |
| 6 | ὅθεν | ὅθεν | ADV | b-------- | _ | 7 ἀνείλετο | advmod | high | Relative adverb 'from where'. |
| 7 | ἀνείλετο | ἀναιρέω | VERB | v3saip--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 18 λέγουσιν | advcl | high | Finite verb in relative clause. |
| 8 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Κόρη | det | high | Article with Κόρη. |
| 9 | Κόρη | Κόρη | PROPN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνείλετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀνείλετο. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 λίθον | det | high | Article with λίθον. |
| 11 | λίθον | λίθος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνείλετο | obj | high | Direct object of ἀνείλετο. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 1 ῥυῆναί | cc | high | Coordinator linking two infinitives. |
| 13 | ὀνομασθῆναι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V--ANP--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 18 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Second infinitival complement of λέγουσιν. |
| 14 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ποταμὸν | det | high | Article with ποταμόν. |
| 15 | ποταμὸν | ποταμός | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ὀνομασθῆναι | obj | medium | Accusative as subject/object of infinitive; Greek often uses accusative with infinitive. |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 17 τούτῳ | case | high | Preposition governing τούτῳ. |
| 17 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | DET | p-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 13 ὀνομασθῆναι | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ἐπὶ, adverbial to ὀνομασθῆναι. |
| 18 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 19 | Ἕρκυναν | Ἕρκυνα | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 λέγουσιν | obj | high | Name in accusative, likely predicate/object complement of λέγουσιν. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |