Grammar parses for passage 9.39.3
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ἔστι μὲν πρὸς τῇ ὄχθῃ τοῦ ποταμοῦ ναὸς Ἑρκύνης, ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ παρθένος χῆνα ἔχουσα ἐν ταῖς χερσίν·
The second predication is coordinated with an implied εἰμί: παρθένος [ἐστίν], with ἔχουσα as a nominative participial modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 2 ἔστι | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/presentational use. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 2 ἔστι | discourse | high | |
| 4 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 6 ὄχθῃ | case | high | Here governing the dative. |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ὄχθῃ | det | high | |
| 6 | ὄχθῃ | ὄχθη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 ἔστι | obl | high | |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ποταμοῦ | det | high | |
| 8 | ποταμοῦ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὄχθῃ | nmod | high | |
| 9 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 ἔστι | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | Ἑρκύνης | Ἑρκύνη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ναὸς | nmod | high | Genitive of the deity/person associated with the temple. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἔστι | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 15 παρθένος | case | high | |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 παρθένος | cc | high | |
| 14 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 15 παρθένος | obl | high | Refers to the temple as a place. |
| 15 | παρθένος | παρθένος | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 ἔστι | conj | high | Subject of an implied εἰμί in the coordinated clause. |
| 16 | χῆνα | χήν | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἔχουσα | obj | high | |
| 17 | ἔχουσα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 παρθένος | acl | high | Participial modifier of παρθένος. |
| 18 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 20 χερσίν | case | high | |
| 19 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 χερσίν | det | high | |
| 20 | χερσίν | χείρ | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ἔχουσα | obl | high | |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἔστι | punct | high |
εἰσὶ δὲ ἐν τῷ σπηλαίῳ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τε αἱ πηγαὶ καὶ ἀγάλματα ὀρθά, περιειλιγμένοι δέ εἰσιν αὐτῶν τοῖς σκήπτροις δράκοντες.
The second clause is a copular construction: δράκοντες εἰσιν περιειλιγμένοι, with the masculine participle agreeing with δράκοντες; τοῖς σκήπτροις is analyzed as a dative complement of the participle, though its exact semantic role is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular verb introducing the first clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | -------- | _ | 5 σπηλαίῳ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 σπηλαίῳ | det | high | Article modifying σπηλαίῳ. |
| 5 | σπηλαίῳ | σπήλαιον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 εἰσὶ | obl | high | Locative dative complement of εἰσὶ. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ποταμοῦ | det | high | Article modifying ποταμοῦ. |
| 7 | ποταμοῦ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 σπηλαίῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on σπηλαίῳ. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 10 πηγαὶ | cc | medium | Postpositive enclitic coordinating the first subject conjunct with the following conjunct. |
| 9 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 πηγαὶ | det | high | Article modifying πηγαὶ. |
| 10 | πηγαὶ | πηγή | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 εἰσὶ | nsubj | high | First nominative subject conjunct. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 12 ἀγάλματα | cc | high | Coordinates the second subject conjunct. |
| 12 | ἀγάλματα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 εἰσὶ | nsubj | high | Second nominative subject conjunct. |
| 13 | ὀρθά | ὀρθός | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ἀγάλματα | amod | high | Adjective modifying ἀγάλματα. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | punct | high | |
| 15 | περιειλιγμένοι | περιειλίσσω | VERB | V-RPP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 17 εἰσιν | nsubj | medium | Perfect passive participle, functioning predicatively with εἰσιν; masculine subject agrees with δράκοντες. |
| 16 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 17 εἰσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective introducing the second clause. |
| 17 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 εἰσὶ | conj | high | Finite auxiliary/copula for the participial predicate. |
| 18 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 δράκοντες | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on δράκοντες, likely possessive or partitive in context. |
| 19 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 σκήπτροις | det | high | Article modifying σκήπτροις. |
| 20 | σκήπτροις | σκήπτρον | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 περιειλιγμένοι | obl | medium | Dative complement associated with περιειλιγμένοι, likely instrument or respect. |
| 21 | δράκοντες | δράκων | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of the second copular clause and controller of the participle. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | punct | high |
ταῦτα εἰκάσαι μὲν ἄν τις Ἀσκληπιοῦ τε εἶναι καὶ Ὑγείας, εἶεν δʼ ἂν Τροφώνιος καὶ Ἕρκυνα, ἐπεὶ μηδὲ τοὺς δράκοντας Ἀσκληπιοῦ μᾶλλον ἢ καὶ Τροφωνίου νομίζουσιν ἱεροὺς εἶναι.
Infinitival εἰκάσαι ... εἶναι is a potential construction with τις as implicit/subject-like experiencer; εἶεν is a potential optative in the apodosis, coordinated subject names. The final clause has μηδέ ... μᾶλλον ἢ καί as a comparative denial and νομίζουσιν governing accusative-plus-infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD-APN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 2 εἰκάσαι | obj | high | Accusative form would be expected with εἰκάσαι; token is formally nominative/accusative neuter plural. |
| 2 | εἰκάσαι | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 12 εἶεν | csubj | medium | Potential infinitive, with τις as understood subject/agent. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 2 εἰκάσαι | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἄν | ἄν | PART | X | _ | 2 εἰκάσαι | aux | high | Modal particle with infinitival construction. |
| 5 | τις | τις | PRON | PX-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 εἰκάσαι | nsubj | medium | Indefinite subject of potential εἰκάσαι. |
| 6 | Ἀσκληπιοῦ | Ἀσκληπιός | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | obl | high | |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | X | _ | 8 εἶναι | cc | high | |
| 8 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 2 εἰκάσαι | xcomp | high | First accusative-plus-infinitive complement of εἰκάσαι. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | X | _ | 8 εἶναι | cc | high | |
| 10 | Ὑγείας | Ὑγεία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | obl | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 εἰκάσαι | punct | high | |
| 12 | εἶεν | εἰμί | AUX | V-POA-3P | Mood=Optative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Potential optative, ‘they might be’. |
| 13 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | X | _ | 12 εἶεν | cc | high | Elided form δʼ. |
| 14 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | X | _ | 12 εἶεν | aux | high | Modal particle licensing potential optative. |
| 15 | Τροφώνιος | Τροφώνιος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 εἶεν | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | X | _ | 15 Τροφώνιος | cc | high | |
| 17 | Ἕρκυνα | Ἕρκυνα | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 Τροφώνιος | conj | high | |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 εἶεν | punct | high | |
| 19 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | X | _ | 28 νομίζουσιν | mark | high | Introduces causal/explanatory subordinate clause. |
| 20 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | X | _ | 28 νομίζουσιν | cc | high | Negative coordinator/adverbial connective. |
| 21 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 δράκοντας | det | high | |
| 22 | δράκοντας | δράκων | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of εἶναι within the νομίζουσιν construction. |
| 23 | Ἀσκληπιοῦ | Ἀσκληπιός | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 μᾶλλον | obl | high | |
| 24 | μᾶλλον | μᾶλλον | ADV | D | _ | 28 νομίζουσιν | advmod | high | Comparative adverb in μᾶλλον ἢ καί. |
| 25 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | X | _ | 24 μᾶλλον | cc | high | Introduces the comparison term. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | X | _ | 27 Τροφωνίου | cc | high | |
| 27 | Τροφωνίου | Τροφώνιος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 νομίζουσιν | obl | high | |
| 28 | νομίζουσιν | νομίζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 12 εἶεν | advcl | high | Finite verb of the ἐπεί clause; governs accusative-plus-infinitive. |
| 29 | ἱεροὺς | ἱερός | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective of δράκοντας with εἶναι. |
| 30 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 28 νομίζουσιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of νομίζουσιν. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 εἶεν | punct | high |
ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ ποταμῷ μνῆμά ἐστιν Ἀρκεσιλάου·
Existential εἰμί has μνῆμα as nominative subject; ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ is a locative dative prepositional phrase, and Ἀρκεσιλάου is a genitive dependent on μνῆμα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | Case=Dat | 4 ποταμῷ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative phrase τῷ ποταμῷ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 5 μνῆμά | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ποταμῷ | det | high | Article modifying ποταμῷ. |
| 4 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N------SD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 μνῆμά | obl | high | Dative locative complement, 'by/at the river'. |
| 5 | μνῆμά | μνῆμα | NOUN | N------SN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Neuter nominative subject of ἐστιν. |
| 6 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb; existential construction. |
| 7 | Ἀρκεσιλάου | Ἀρκεσίλαος | PROPN | Ne------SG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 μνῆμά | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μνῆμα, identifying whose monument it is. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Λήϊτον δὲ ἀνακομίσαι φασὶ τοῦ Ἀρκεσιλάου τὰ ὀστᾶ ἐκ Τροίας.
Accusative-infinitive construction: φασί takes ἀνακομίσαι, with Λήϊτον as the infinitive’s accusative subject; τὰ ὀστᾶ is the object, and τοῦ Ἀρκεσιλάου is a genitive possessor. The infinitive is coordinated semantically with the governing verb’s reported content.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λήϊτον | Λήϊτος | PROPN | N--AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀνακομίσαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 φασὶ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀνακομίσαι | ἀνακομίζω | VERB | V--AAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 φασὶ | ccomp | high | Aorist active infinitive in reported speech. |
| 4 | φασὶ | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--GMS--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀρκεσιλάου | det | high | Genitive article agreeing with Ἀρκεσιλάου. |
| 6 | Ἀρκεσιλάου | Ἀρκεσίλαος | PROPN | N--GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὀστᾶ | nmod | high | Possessive genitive modifying ὀστᾶ. |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T--NPA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ὀστᾶ | det | high | Article agreeing with ὀστᾶ. |
| 8 | ὀστᾶ | ὀστέον | NOUN | N--NPA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἀνακομίσαι | obj | high | Object of ἀνακομίσαι. |
| 9 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Τροίας | case | high | Preposition governing the ablatival/genitive place-name. |
| 10 | Τροίας | Τροία | PROPN | N--GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀνακομίσαι | obl | high | Source/place adjunct of ἀνακομίσαι. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 φασὶ | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |