Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 9.39.11

← 9.39.10 9.39.12 →

Passage 9.39.11

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4sentences parsed

103Greek tokens

3,281input tokens

7,804output tokens

Sentence 1

9.39.11 sentence 1

Tokens: 32
Input: 902
Output: 2,443
Total: 3,345

ὁ οὖν κατιὼν κατακλίνας ἑαυτὸν ἐς τὸ ἔδαφος ἔχων μάζας μεμαγμένας μέλιτι προεμβάλλει τε ἐς τὴν ὀπὴν τοὺς πόδας καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπιχωρεῖ, τὰ γόνατά οἱ τῆς ὀπῆς ἐντὸς γενέσθαι προθυμούμενος·

The participles κατιών, κατακλίνας, ἔχων, and προθυμούμενος describe the subject ὁ κατιών; τὰ γόνατα is the accusative subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι, with οἱ as dative possessor and ἐντός governing τῆς ὀπῆς. The exact attachment of ἑαυτόν and the coordinated verb phrase is syntactically somewhat compressed.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T--------	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	3 κατιὼν	det	high
2	οὖν	οὖν	ADV	D--------	_	3 κατιὼν	advmod	high	Inferential particle/adverb.
3	κατιὼν	κάτειμι	VERB	V-PAP-NMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	13 προεμβάλλει	nsubj	high	Substantivized participle, subject of προεμβάλλει and ἐπιχωρεῖ.
4	κατακλίνας	κατακλίνω	VERB	V-AAP-NMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	3 κατιὼν	advcl	high
5	ἑαυτὸν	ἑαυτοῦ	PRON	P----ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs\|Reflex=Yes	4 κατακλίνας	obj	high
6	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	8 ἔδαφος	case	high
7	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T----ASN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	8 ἔδαφος	det	high
8	ἔδαφος	ἔδαφος	NOUN	N----ASN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 κατακλίνας	obl	high
9	ἔχων	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAP-NMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	13 προεμβάλλει	advcl	high	Participial adjunct, coordinated semantically with the main subject.
10	μάζας	μᾶζα	NOUN	N----APF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	9 ἔχων	obj	high
11	μεμαγμένας	μάσσω	VERB	V-RPP-APF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	10 μάζας	acl	high	Perfect passive participle modifying μάζας.
12	μέλιτι	μέλι	NOUN	N----DSN-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 μεμαγμένας	obl	high	Dative of material/means.
13	προεμβάλλει	προεμβάλλω	VERB	V-PAI-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
14	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	22 ἐπιχωρεῖ	cc	high	Coordinates ἐπιχωρεῖ with προεμβάλλει.
15	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	17 ὀπὴν	case	high
16	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	17 ὀπὴν	det	high
17	ὀπὴν	ὀπή	NOUN	N----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 προεμβάλλει	obl	high
18	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T----APM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	19 πόδας	det	high
19	πόδας	πούς	NOUN	N----APM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 προεμβάλλει	obj	high
20	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	22 ἐπιχωρεῖ	cc	high
21	αὐτὸς	αὐτός	PRON	P----NMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	22 ἐπιχωρεῖ	nsubj	high	Intensive pronoun, ‘he himself’.
22	ἐπιχωρεῖ	ἐπιχωρέω	VERB	V-PAI-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	13 προεμβάλλει	conj	high
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	13 προεμβάλλει	punct	high
24	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T----APN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	25 γόνατά	det	high
25	γόνατά	γόνυ	NOUN	N----APN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	30 γενέσθαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι.
26	οἱ	οἱ	PRON	P---DSM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	25 γόνατά	nmod:poss	high	Dative possessor, ‘his knees’.
27	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T----GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	28 ὀπῆς	det	high
28	ὀπῆς	ὀπή	NOUN	N----GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 ἐντὸς	obl	high	Genitive governed by ἐντός.
29	ἐντὸς	ἐντός	ADV	D--------	_	30 γενέσθαι	advmod	high	Adverb with genitive complement.
30	γενέσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-2AD-N--	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	31 προθυμούμενος	xcomp	high
31	προθυμούμενος	προθυμέομαι	VERB	V-PPM-NMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	22 ἐπιχωρεῖ	advcl	medium	Participial adjunct to the coordinated action; infinitival complement γενέσθαι expresses the intended result/content.
32	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	13 προεμβάλλει	punct	high

Sentence 2

9.39.11 sentence 2

Tokens: 25
Input: 823
Output: 1,830
Total: 2,653

τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν σῶμα αὐτίκα ἐφειλκύσθη τε καὶ τοῖς γόνασιν ἐπέδραμεν, ὥσπερ ποταμῶν ὁ μέγιστος καὶ ὠκύτατος συνδεθέντα ὑπὸ δίνης ἀποκρύψειεν ἂν ἄνθρωπον.

The comparative clause describes the body as a man whom the greatest and swiftest river, once caught in a whirlpool, could conceal; the participle συνδεθέντα is accusative by attraction/agreement with ἄνθρωπον.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 σῶμα	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C-	_	4 σῶμα	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	λοιπὸν	λοιπός	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 σῶμα	amod	high	Substantivized adjective modifying σῶμα.
4	σῶμα	σῶμα	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 ἐφειλκύσθη	nsubj:pass	high
5	αὐτίκα	αὐτίκα	ADV	D-	_	6 ἐφειλκύσθη	advmod	high
6	ἐφειλκύσθη	ἐφέλκω	VERB	V-API-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	medium	Aorist passive; form may reflect variant spelling/orthography.
7	τε	τε	CCONJ	C-	_	6 ἐφειλκύσθη	cc	high	Correlative with καί.
8	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-	_	11 ἐπέδραμεν	cc	high	Coordinates the second finite verb with ἐφειλκύσθη.
9	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	10 γόνασιν	det	high
10	γόνασιν	γόνυ	NOUN	N-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	11 ἐπέδραμεν	obl	high	Dative with ἐπιτρέχω/ἐπιτρέχω-like construction.
11	ἐπέδραμεν	ἐπιτρέχω	VERB	V-2AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	6 ἐφειλκύσθη	conj	medium	Lexical parsing of ἐπέδραμεν as aorist of ἐπιτρέχω is somewhat uncertain.
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἐφειλκύσθη	punct	high
13	ὥσπερ	ὥσπερ	SCONJ	C-	_	22 ἀποκρύψειεν	mark	high	Introduces a comparative modal clause.
14	ποταμῶν	ποταμός	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 μέγιστος	nmod	high	Partitive genitive with μέγιστος/ὠκύτατος.
15	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 μέγιστος	det	high
16	μέγιστος	μέγας	ADJ	A-NSM-S	Case=Nom\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	22 ἀποκρύψειεν	nsubj	medium	Substantivized: 'the greatest of rivers'.
17	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-	_	18 ὠκύτατος	cc	high
18	ὠκύτατος	ὠκύς	ADJ	A-NSM-S	Case=Nom\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 μέγιστος	conj	high	Coordinated superlative predicate/attributive adjective.
19	συνδεθέντα	συνδέω	VERB	V-APP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	22 ἀποκρύψειεν	advcl	medium	Accusative participle agreeing with ἄνθρωπον; construed in the comparative image.
20	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R-G	_	21 δίνης	case	high
21	δίνης	δίνη	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 συνδεθέντα	obl:agent	high	Agent of the passive participle.
22	ἀποκρύψειεν	ἀποκρύπτω	VERB	V-2AAO-3S	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	6 ἐφειλκύσθη	advcl	high	Potential optative with ἄν in the comparative clause.
23	ἂν	ἄν	PART	X-	_	22 ἀποκρύψειεν	aux	high	Modal particle marking potentiality.
24	ἄνθρωπον	ἄνθρωπος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	22 ἀποκρύψειεν	obj	high	Object of ἀποκρύψειεν and controller of the participle.
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἐφειλκύσθη	punct	high

Sentence 3

9.39.11 sentence 3

Tokens: 29
Input: 837
Output: 2,206
Total: 3,043

τὸ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν τοῖς ἐντὸς τοῦ ἀδύτου γενομένοις οὐχ εἷς οὐδὲ ὁ αὐτὸς τρόπος ἐστὶν ὅτῳ διδάσκονται τὰ μέλλοντα, ἀλλά πού τις καὶ εἶδε καὶ ἄλλος ἤκουσεν.

The first clause is copular: τὸ ἐντεῦθεν ... is the subject, with εἷς/ὁ αὐτὸς τρόπος forming the negated nominal predicate; ὅτῳ introduces the manner relative clause. The final ἀλλά clause coordinates two aorist reports.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	15 ἐστὶν	nsubj	high	Substantivized article, subject of ἐστίν.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	--------	_	15 ἐστὶν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἐντεῦθεν	ἐντεῦθεν	ADV	D--------	_	15 ἐστὶν	advmod	high	Adverbial phrase meaning henceforth/from this point.
4	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 γενομένοις	det	high	Article with substantivized participle.
5	ἐντὸς	ἐντός	ADV	D--------	_	8 γενομένοις	advmod	medium	Adverb used with genitive complement.
6	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 ἀδύτου	det	high	Article with ἀδύτου.
7	ἀδύτου	ἄδυτον	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 ἐντὸς	obl	high	Genitive complement of ἐντός.
8	γενομένοις	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-ADP-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	15 ἐστὶν	obl	high	Substantivized aorist middle participle, dative of reference/attendant circumstance.
9	οὐχ	οὐ	PART	D--------	Polarity=Neg	14 τρόπος	advmod	high	Negates the nominal predicate phrase.
10	εἷς	εἷς	NUM	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|NumType=Card\|Number=Sing	14 τρόπος	nsubj	medium	Masc. singular form, used substantivally; coordinated with τρόπος as a negative predicate.
11	οὐδὲ	οὐδέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	10 εἷς	cc	high	Coordinates the second negative nominal element.
12	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 αὐτὸς	det	high	Article with αὐτός.
13	αὐτὸς	αὐτός	PRON	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	14 τρόπος	amod	high	Attributive adjective/pronoun agreeing with τρόπος.
14	τρόπος	τρόπος	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 ἐστὶν	nsubj	high	Nominal subject: neither one nor the same manner is.
15	ἐστὶν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Copular root.
16	ὅτῳ	ὅστις	PRON	P-DMS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	17 διδάσκονται	obl	medium	Relative dative, by/in which manner; agrees semantically with τρόπον.
17	διδάσκονται	διδάσκω	VERB	V-PPM-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Pass	14 τρόπος	acl:relcl	high	Passive relative-clause predicate modifying τρόπος.
18	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	19 μέλλοντα	det	high	Article with substantivized participle.
19	μέλλοντα	μέλλω	VERB	V-PAP-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	17 διδάσκονται	nsubj:pass	high	Substantivized nominative neuter plural participle, things to come.
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	15 ἐστὶν	punct	high
21	ἀλλά	ἀλλά	CCONJ	C--------	_	25 εἶδε	cc	high	Adversative coordination introducing the following clause.
22	πού	πού	ADV	D--------	_	25 εἶδε	advmod	medium	Indefinite adverb, somewhere/perhaps.
23	τις	τις	PRON	P-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	25 εἶδε	nsubj	high	Indefinite subject.
24	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	25 εἶδε	cc	high	Coordinates εἶδε and ἤκουσεν.
25	εἶδε	ὁράω	VERB	V-2AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	15 ἐστὶν	conj	high	First coordinated verb after ἀλλά.
26	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	28 ἤκουσεν	cc	high	Coordinates ἄλλος ἤκουσεν with the preceding clause.
27	ἄλλος	ἄλλος	PRON	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	28 ἤκουσεν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἤκουσεν, contrasting with τις.
28	ἤκουσεν	ἀκούω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	25 εἶδε	conj	high	Second coordinated verb.
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	15 ἐστὶν	punct	high

Sentence 4

9.39.11 sentence 4

Tokens: 17
Input: 719
Output: 1,325
Total: 2,044

ἀναστρέψαι δὲ ὀπίσω τοῖς καταβᾶσι διὰ στομίου τε ἔστι τοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ προεκθεόντων σφίσι τῶν ποδῶν.

The syntax is somewhat elliptical: ἔστι is treated as the root of an impersonal construction, with ἀναστρέψαι as infinitival subject and προεκθεόντων τῶν ποδῶν as a coordinated genitive-absolute clause; τοῦ αὐτοῦ likely refers elliptically to the same opening.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἀναστρέψαι	ἀναστρέφω	VERB	V- inf a act	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	9 ἔστι	csubj	medium	Articular/impersonal infinitival clause; syntactically coordinated with the following infinitival construction.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἀναστρέψαι	cc	high
3	ὀπίσω	ὀπίσω	ADV	ADV	_	1 ἀναστρέψαι	advmod	high
4	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 καταβᾶσι	det	high
5	καταβᾶσι	καταβαίνω	VERB	V- dap act ptcp	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	1 ἀναστρέψαι	obl	high	Substantival dative participle, ‘for/to those who descended’.
6	διὰ	διά	ADP	PREP	_	7 στομίου	case	high
7	στομίου	στόμιον	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	9 ἔστι	obl	high	Genitive after διά; route/location expression.
8	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	7 στομίου	cc	medium	Correlative τε with καί at token 12.
9	ἔστι	εἰμί	VERB	V- pri ind act 3sg	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Impersonal existential/presentative construction governing infinitival subjects.
10	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 αὐτοῦ	det	high
11	αὐτοῦ	αὐτός	PRON	P-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	7 στομίου	nmod	medium	Genitive substantive/pronominal use, likely ‘of the same [opening]’; gender/ellipsis is context-dependent.
12	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	9 ἔστι	cc	medium	Coordinates the second infinitival/participial clause with the first construction.
13	προεκθεόντων	προεκθέω	VERB	V- ppa gen act ptcp	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	9 ἔστι	advcl	medium	Genitive absolute; subject is τῶν ποδῶν, with σφίσι as dative of reference.
14	σφίσι	σφεῖς	PRON	P-DPM	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	13 προεκθεόντων	iobj	medium	Third-person plural dative pronoun, likely reflexive/reference dative.
15	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 ποδῶν	det	high
16	ποδῶν	πούς	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 προεκθεόντων	nsubj	high	Genitive-absolute subject.
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	9 ἔστι	punct	high

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