Grammar parses for passage 9.39.14
Open translation for this passage
γράφω δὲ οὐκ ἀκοὴν ἀλλὰ ἑτέρους τε ἰδὼν καὶ αὐτὸς τῷ Τροφωνίῳ χρησάμενος.
First-person γράφω is the root; ἀκοήν is the object of an implied/elliptical negated report claim, contrasted by ἀλλά with the participial grounds ἑτέρους ... ἰδών and αὐτὸς ... χρησάμενος. The syntax of the participles is somewhat compressed; they are treated as circumstantial with implied first-person subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γράφω | γράφω | VERB | V-PAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 γράφω | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 1 γράφω | advmod | high | Negates the elliptical content of γράφω. |
| 4 | ἀκοὴν | ἀκοή | NOUN | N-AFA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 γράφω | obj | medium | Accusative object in a compressed contrast: ‘not hearsay’. |
| 5 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 γράφω | cc | high | Adversative coordinator contrasting ἀκοήν with the participial basis. |
| 6 | ἑτέρους | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἰδὼν | obj | medium | Accusative object of ἰδών; substantival adjective, ‘other people’. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἑτέρους | cc | medium | Enclitic coordinator linking the two participial grounds. |
| 8 | ἰδὼν | ὁράω | VERB | V-2AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 γράφω | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, subject understood as γράφω. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 χρησάμενος | cc | high | Coordinates the participial predicates. |
| 10 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 13 χρησάμενος | nsubj | high | Intensive pronoun, ‘I myself’; subject of χρησάμενος. |
| 11 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Τροφωνίῳ | det | high | |
| 12 | Τροφωνίῳ | Τροφώνιος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 χρησάμενος | obl | high | Dative complement of χρησάμενος. |
| 13 | χρησάμενος | χράομαι | VERB | V-ADP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 1 γράφω | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle, coordinated with ἰδών; governs the dative Τροφωνίῳ. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 γράφω | punct | high |
τοὺς δὲ ἐς τοῦ Τροφωνίου κατελθόντας, ἀνάγκη σφᾶς, ὁπόσα ἤκουσεν ἕκαστος ἢ εἶδεν, ἀναθεῖναι γεγραμμένα ἐν πίνακι.
The accusative τοὺς ... κατελθόντας is the understood subject of ἀναθεῖναι under ἀνάγκη; σφᾶς is a resumptive/experiencer accusative, while ὁπόσα ... ἤκουσεν ἢ εἶδεν is the content to be written. The participle γεγραμμένα is accusative neuter plural, agreeing with ὁπόσα and functioning predicatively with ἀναθεῖναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-AMP-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 κατελθόντας | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἀνάγκη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 Τροφωνίου | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Τροφωνίου | det | high | |
| 5 | Τροφωνίου | Τροφώνιος | PROPN | Ne-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 κατελθόντας | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 6 | κατελθόντας | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V-PAAP-AMM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἀναθεῖναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀνάγκη | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἀνάγκη | ἀνάγκη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal necessity construction. |
| 9 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-AP--3- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 ἀναθεῖναι | obj | medium | Resumptive accusative, semantically the persons concerned; syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀνάγκη | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 18 γεγραμμένα | obj | high | Relative quantity/content pronoun. |
| 12 | ἤκουσεν | ἀκούω | VERB | V-IAA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 ὁπόσα | acl:relcl | high | Generic singular subject is understood. |
| 13 | ἕκαστος | ἕκαστος | PRON | PX-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 12 ἤκουσεν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 εἶδεν | cc | high | |
| 15 | εἶδεν | ὁράω | VERB | V-IAA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 ὁπόσα | conj | high | Coordinated with ἤκουσεν; subject ἕκαστος is shared. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀναθεῖναι | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἀναθεῖναι | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 ἀνάγκη | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by ἀνάγκη. |
| 18 | γεγραμμένα | γράφω | VERB | V-RPAP-NPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 17 ἀναθεῖναι | xcomp | medium | Predicative/resultative participle agreeing with ὁπόσα; can also be read as a closely linked object-oriented participle. |
| 19 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 πίνακι | case | high | |
| 20 | πίνακι | πίναξ | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 γεγραμμένα | obl | high | Place/container of the writing. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀνάγκη | punct | high |
λείπεται δʼ ἔτι καὶ τοῦ Ἀριστομένους ἐνταῦθα ἡ ἀσπίς·
The clause means ‘and Aristomenes’ shield still remains here’; ἀσπίς is the postposed nominative subject, with Ἀριστομένους as a genitive dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λείπεται | λείπω | VERB | V-3S-PMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 9 ἀσπίς | acl:relcl | medium | Impersonal/passive-like ‘is left/remains’; analyzed as a middle indicative with postposed subject. |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λείπεται | cc | high | Elided form of δέ. |
| 3 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 λείπεται | advmod | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λείπεται | advmod:emph | medium | Adverbial καί, ‘also/even’, rather than coordination. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀριστομένους | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἀριστομένους | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀσπίς | nmod | high | Genitive of possession/association. |
| 7 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 λείπεται | advmod | high | Locative adverb, ‘here’. |
| 8 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀσπίς | det | high | |
| 9 | ἀσπίς | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 λείπεται | nsubj | high | Postposed nominative subject of λείπεται. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λείπεται | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ἐς αὐτὴν ὁποῖα ἐγένετο, ἐδήλωσα ἐν τοῖς προτέροις τοῦ λόγου.
The neuter plural relative clause τὰ ... ὁποῖα ἐγένετο is the topical object/theme of ἐδήλωσα; ἐν τοῖς προτέροις τοῦ λόγου means ‘in the earlier parts of the account’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T- ---- NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐδήλωσα | obj | high | Substantival neuter plural article, with the following relative clause as its modifier/content. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἐδήλωσα | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 αὐτὴν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 6 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Object of ἐς; feminine singular refers to the previously mentioned subject/entity. |
| 5 | ὁποῖα | ὁποῖος | PRON | PQ---NP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 6 ἐγένετο | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural relative pronoun; semantically ‘what sort of things/events’, agreeing with understood plural subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 6 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3SAMI--- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 8 ἐδήλωσα | acl:relcl | medium | Aorist middle, singular by attraction or with collective/abstract neuter plural subject; governs ἐς αὐτήν. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἐδήλωσα | δηλόω | VERB | V1SAAI--- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb, ‘I declared/showed’. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 προτέροις | case | high | Introduces the locative/文 textual phrase. |
| 10 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T- ---- DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 προτέροις | det | high | Article agreeing with προτέροις. |
| 11 | προτέροις | πρότερος | ADJ | A- --DNP- | Case=Dat|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐδήλωσα | obl | high | Substantivized neuter plural comparative, ‘earlier [sections/passages]’. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T- ---- GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 λόγου | det | high | Article agreeing with λόγου. |
| 13 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-----GM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 προτέροις | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on προτέροις: ‘of the account/discourse’. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐδήλωσα | punct | high |