Grammar parses for passage 9.40.10
Open translation for this passage
προσιόντων δὲ τῇ πόλει πολυάνδριον Θηβαίων ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ πρὸς Φίλιππον ἀγῶνι ἀποθανόντων.
The opening is a genitive absolute (προσιόντων ...), while πολυάνδριον is the nominative subject of ἐστίν; ἐν τῷ ... ἀγῶνι locates it in the battle against Philip.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προσιόντων | πρόσειμι | VERB | PresActPartGenPl | Case=Gen|Mood=Part|Number=Pl|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἐστὶν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute with δέ; subject is implicit or contextual. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 προσιόντων | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | ArtDatSgFem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πόλει | det | high | |
| 4 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | NDatSgFem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 προσιόντων | obl | high | Dative with πρόσειμι, indicating approach to the city. |
| 5 | πολυάνδριον | πολυάνδριον | NOUN | NNomSgNeut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστίν. |
| 6 | Θηβαίων | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | NGenPlMasc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Pl | 5 πολυάνδριον | nmod | high | Genitive of association/possession: a polyandrium of Thebans. |
| 7 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | PresActInd3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 12 ἀγῶνι | case | high | |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | ArtDatSgMasc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀγῶνι | det | high | |
| 10 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | Prep | _ | 11 Φίλιππον | case | high | With accusative Φίλιππον. |
| 11 | Φίλιππον | Φίλιππος | PROPN | NAccSgMasc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀγῶνι | nmod | high | Object of πρός; dependent within the battle phrase. |
| 12 | ἀγῶνι | ἀγών | NOUN | NDatSgMasc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πολυάνδριον | obl | high | Dative object of ἐν, locating the polyandrium in the struggle. |
| 13 | ἀποθανόντων | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | AorActPartGenPl | Case=Gen|Mood=Part|Number=Pl|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 ἀγῶνι | acl | medium | Genitive plural participle, likely modifying Θηβαίων: those who died in the struggle. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
ἐπιγέγραπται μὲν δὴ ἐπίγραμμα οὐδέν, ἐπίθημα δʼ ἔπεστιν αὐτῷ λέων· φέροι δʼ ἂν ἐς τῶν ἀνδρῶν μάλιστα τὸν θυμόν·
The first clause states that no epigram is inscribed; the second states that a lion is attached to it. In the final clause, φέροι is potential optative with ἄν, and τὸν θυμόν is its object; ἐς τῶν ἀνδρῶν is elliptical/semantically difficult, likely referring to the men collectively or their spirit.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπιγέγραπται | ἐπιγράφω | VERB | V-RAM-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Middle | 4 ἐπίγραμμα | cop | high | Perfect middle/passive indicative, impersonal/passive: 'is inscribed.' |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _PTCL | _ | 1 ἐπιγέγραπται | discourse | high | Correlative particle, balanced by δʼ in the following clause. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | _PTCL | _ | 1 ἐπιγέγραπται | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 0 ROOT | root | high | Subject of the impersonal passive verbal phrase. |
| 5 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-ASN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Indefinite | 4 ἐπίγραμμα | det | high | Negative pronoun modifying ἐπίγραμμα: 'no epigram.' |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐπίγραμμα | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἐπίθημα | ἐπίθημα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 9 ἔπεστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔπεστιν: an attached/applied ornament. |
| 8 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | _CONJ | _ | 9 ἔπεστιν | cc | high | Adversative/coordinating conjunction. |
| 9 | ἔπεστιν | ἔπειμι | VERB | V-PAS-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 4 ἐπίγραμμα | conj | high | Present indicative of ἔπειμι, 'is upon/attached.' |
| 10 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | A-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Personal | 9 ἔπεστιν | obl | high | Dative of location/reference, referring to the object previously mentioned. |
| 11 | λέων | λέων | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 7 ἐπίθημα | appos | high | Appositional specification of the ἐπίθημα: 'a lion.' |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἔπεστιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | φέροι | φέρω | VERB | V-POA-3S | Mood=Optative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Potential optative with ἄν; subject is likely λέων or the attached lion, with τὸν θυμόν as object. |
| 14 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | _CONJ | _ | 13 φέροι | cc | high | Coordinating/adversative particle. |
| 15 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | _PTCL | _ | 13 φέροι | aux | high | Potential particle governing the optative. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _PREP | _ | 18 ἀνδρῶν | case | high | Preposition taking the genitive here in a difficult/possibly elliptical construction. |
| 17 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Article | 18 ἀνδρῶν | det | high | Article substantivizing or determining ἀνδρῶν. |
| 18 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 13 φέροι | obl | low | Genitive governed by ἐς in the transmitted phrase; syntactic/semantic relation is uncertain. |
| 19 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-SUP | Degree=Superlative | 13 φέροι | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying φέροι. |
| 20 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Article | 21 θυμόν | det | high | Article determining θυμόν. |
| 21 | θυμόν | θυμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 13 φέροι | obj | high | Accusative object of φέροι; idiomatically 'spirit/courage'. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 φέροι | punct | high |
ἐπίγραμμα δὲ ἄπεστιν ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ὅτι οὐδὲ ἐοικότα τῇ τόλμῃ σφίσι τὰ ἐκ τοῦ δαίμονος ἠκολούθησε.
The construction has impersonal ἄπεστιν with an infinitival complement δοκεῖν; ὅτι introduces the proposition, with ἐοικότα agreeing with τὰ and ἠκολούθησε as its finite predicate. The syntax of the dative σφίσι and the relation of ἐμοί to δοκεῖν are somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἄπεστιν | nsubj | medium | Neuter nominative subject of ἄπεστιν; semantically ‘inscription/epigram’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 3 ἄπεστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄπεστιν | ἄπειμι | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Impersonal or existential ‘is absent/lacking’; agreement is with neuter ἐπίγραμμα. |
| 4 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | p1s---md- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 5 δοκεῖν | iobj | medium | Dative experiencer with δοκεῖν, ‘to me’. |
| 5 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | v--pna--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἄπεστιν | xcomp | medium | Articular-less infinitival complement of ἄπεστιν; idiomatically ‘it seems to me’. |
| 6 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | c-------- | _ | 5 δοκεῖν | mark | high | Declarative complementizer introducing the proposition governed by δοκεῖν. |
| 7 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 8 ἐοικότα | cc | high | Negative additive conjunction, ‘nor/not even’. |
| 8 | ἐοικότα | ἔοικα | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 16 ἠκολούθησε | nsubj | low | Perfect-form adjective/participle meaning ‘fitting/resembling’; nominative neuter plural, coordinated with or predicated of τὰ; exact syntactic attachment is elliptical. |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 τόλμῃ | det | high | Article modifying τόλμῃ. |
| 10 | τόλμῃ | τόλμη | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐοικότα | obl | medium | Dative of respect or comparison with ἐοικότα, ‘in daring’. |
| 11 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | p3p---md- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 16 ἠκολούθησε | iobj | medium | Third-person plural dative pronoun, likely recipient/beneficiary with ἠκολούθησε. |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ἠκολούθησε | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural article substantivizing the following implied or modified noun phrase; subject of ἠκολούθησε. |
| 13 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | r-------- | _ | 15 δαίμονος | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 δαίμονος | det | high | Article modifying δαίμονος. |
| 15 | δαίμονος | δαίμων | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἠκολούθησε | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ, ‘from the deity/divine power’. |
| 16 | ἠκολούθησε | ἀκολουθέω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 ἐοικότα | conj | medium | Finite predicate of the ὅτι-clause; singular form despite neuter plural τὰ, possibly due to an understood singular referent or textual/syntactic irregularity. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἄπεστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |