Grammar parses for passage 9.40.9
Open translation for this passage
Καρανὸν δὲ οὐκ εὖ βουλεύσασθαι βαρβάροις τοῖς περιοικοῦσιν ἐς ἔχθραν ἐλθόντα ἀδιάλλακτον,
The infinitive is an accusative-and-infinitive construction; Καρανόν is its accusative subject, with ἐλθόντα and ἀδιάλλακτον predicated of him. The participial phrase τοῖς βαρβάροις τοῖς περιοικοῦσιν is interpreted as referring to the neighboring barbarians.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Καρανὸν | Καρανός | PROPN | Neut? Acc Sg? | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 βουλεύσασθαι | nsubj | medium | Personal name in accusative as subject of the infinitive; form is homonymous with neuter-looking accusative. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 5 βουλεύσασθαι | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 5 βουλεύσασθαι | advmod | high | |
| 4 | εὖ | εὖ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 βουλεύσασθαι | advmod | high | |
| 5 | βουλεύσασθαι | βουλεύω | VERB | V--AMN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle infinitive in an omitted/reporting construction. |
| 6 | βαρβάροις | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A--DPM---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 περιοικοῦσιν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized adjective, subject of περιοικοῦσιν. |
| 7 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L--DPM---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 περιοικοῦσιν | det | high | |
| 8 | περιοικοῦσιν | περιοικέω | VERB | V--PAP-D-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἔχθραν | acl | high | Substantive participle agreeing with τοῖς βαρβάροις. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 ἔχθραν | case | high | |
| 10 | ἔχθραν | ἔχθρα | NOUN | N--ASF---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐλθόντα | obl | high | Prepositional complement with ἐς, governed semantically by ἐλθόντα. |
| 11 | ἐλθόντα | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V--SAP-M-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἀδιάλλακτον | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle agreeing with Καρανόν. |
| 12 | ἀδιάλλακτον | ἀδιάλλακτος | ADJ | A--ASM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 βουλεύσασθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative adjective, likely describing Καρανόν in the infinitival clause. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 βουλεύσασθαι | punct | high |
καταστῆναί τε χρῆναι γὰρ μήτε ὑπὸ αὐτοῦ Καρανοῦ μήτε ὑπὸ τῶν ὕστερον βασιλευσόντων Μακεδονίας τρόπαια ἵστασθαι, εἰ ἐς εὔνοιάν ποτε τοὺς προσχώρους ὑπάξονται.
Infinitival construction with χρῆναι: καταστῆναί τε is coordinated with τρόπαια ἵστασθαι as the content of the impersonal necessity; the εἰ-clause has future ὑπάξονται with τοὺς προσχώρους as object. The exact semantic attachment of καταστῆναί is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καταστῆναί | καθίστημι | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 3 χρῆναι | xcomp | medium | Aorist active infinitive; coordinated by τε with the following infinitival predicate. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 καταστῆναί | cc | high | |
| 3 | χρῆναι | χρή | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal necessity verb governing infinitival complements. |
| 4 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PRT | _ | 3 χρῆναι | discourse | high | |
| 5 | μήτε | μήτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 αὐτοῦ | cc | high | First member of μήτε...μήτε. |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Agent preposition with genitive. |
| 7 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 16 ἵστασθαι | obl:agent | high | Genitive agent of ἵστασθαι. |
| 8 | Καρανοῦ | Κάρανος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 αὐτοῦ | appos | high | Appositional identification of αὐτοῦ. |
| 9 | μήτε | μήτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ὑπὸ | cc | high | Second member of μήτε...μήτε. |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 βασιλευσόντων | case | high | Agent preposition with genitive τῶν...βασιλευσόντων. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 βασιλευσόντων | det | high | |
| 12 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | ADV | _ | 13 βασιλευσόντων | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the future participle. |
| 13 | βασιλευσόντων | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἵστασθαι | obl:agent | high | Substantivized genitive future participle, agents of ἵστασθαι. |
| 14 | Μακεδονίας | Μακεδονία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 βασιλευσόντων | obj | medium | Genitive governed by βασιλεύω, ‘rule Macedonia’. |
| 15 | τρόπαια | τρόπαιον | NOUN | N-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ἵστασθαι | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject of the infinitive ἵστασθαι. |
| 16 | ἵστασθαι | ἵστημι | VERB | V-PMN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 3 χρῆναι | xcomp | high | Present middle infinitive, coordinated semantically with καταστῆναί. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 εἰ | punct | high | |
| 18 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 ὑπάξονται | mark | high | Introduces conditional clause. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 εὔνοιάν | case | high | |
| 20 | εὔνοιάν | εὔνοια | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ὑπάξονται | obl | high | Goal/state complement with ἐς. |
| 21 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | ADV | _ | 24 ὑπάξονται | advmod | high | Indefinite temporal adverb. |
| 22 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 23 προσχώρους | det | high | |
| 23 | προσχώρους | πρόσχωρος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ὑπάξονται | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of ὑπάξονται. |
| 24 | ὑπάξονται | ὑπάγω | VERB | V-FMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 16 ἵστασθαι | advcl | medium | Conditional protasis; future middle, with τοὺς προσχώρους as object. Clause attachment to the infinitival proposition is syntactically plausible. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 χρῆναι | punct | high |
μαρτυρεῖ δὲ τῷ λόγῳ καὶ Ἀλέξανδρος, οὐκ ἀναστήσας οὔτε ἐπὶ Δαρείῳ τρόπαια οὔτε ἐπὶ ταῖς Ἰνδικαῖς νίκαις.
The participial clause οὐκ ἀναστήσας ... is supplementary to Ἀλέξανδρος and coordinates two ἐπί phrases; τρόπαια is the accusative object of ἀναστήσας. The semantic scope of οὐκ is clear, while the participle’s exact discourse relation is somewhat underspecified.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μαρτυρεῖ | μαρτυρέω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 λόγῳ | det | high | |
| 4 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | obl | high | Dative with μαρτυρεῖ, ‘bears witness to/agrees with the account’. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 Ἀλέξανδρος | cc | high | Coordinates the subject. |
| 6 | Ἀλέξανδρος | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 9 ἀναστήσας | punct | high | |
| 8 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 ἀναστήσας | advmod | high | Negates the participle. |
| 9 | ἀναστήσας | ἀνίστημι | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 Ἀλέξανδρος | advcl | medium | Supplementary circumstantial participle agreeing with Ἀλέξανδρος; relation may be interpreted as elaboration rather than strict adverbial modification. |
| 10 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 τρόπαια | cc | high | First member of οὔτε ... οὔτε. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 Δαρείῳ | case | high | |
| 12 | Δαρείῳ | Δαρεῖος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 τρόπαια | nmod | high | Object of ἐπί; dative temporal/occasion sense, ‘against/in the campaign against Darius’. |
| 13 | τρόπαια | τρόπαιον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἀναστήσας | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀναστήσας. |
| 14 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 νίκαις | cc | high | Second member of οὔτε ... οὔτε; coordination is with the first ἐπί phrase. |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 νίκαις | case | high | |
| 16 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 Ἰνδικαῖς | det | high | |
| 17 | Ἰνδικαῖς | Ἰνδικός | ADJ | A-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 νίκαις | amod | high | Agrees with νίκαις. |
| 18 | νίκαις | νίκη | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 τρόπαια | nmod | high | Second coordinated ἐπί phrase, parallel to ἐπὶ Δαρείῳ. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | punct | high |