Grammar parses for passage 9.40.8
Open translation for this passage
λέγεται δὲ ὑπὸ Μακεδόνων Καρανὸν βασιλεύοντα ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ κρατῆσαι μάχῃ Κισσέως, ὃς ἐδυνάστευεν ἐν χώρᾳ τῇ ὁμόρῳ·
The impersonal λέγεται governs an accusative-and-infinitive construction: Καρανὸν ... κρατῆσαι, with βασιλεύοντα agreeing with Καρανόν; ὑπό marks the agent of the passive reporting verb. Κισσέως is a genitive dependent on μάχῃ (battle against/of Kisseus), and ὃς introduces a relative clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-3S-PMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal passive reporting verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 4 Μακεδόνων | case | high | Agent-marking preposition with genitive. |
| 4 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 λέγεται | obl:agent | high | Genitive agent of passive λέγεται. |
| 5 | Καρανὸν | Καρανός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 κρατῆσαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive κρατῆσαι. |
| 6 | βασιλεύοντα | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 Καρανὸν | acl | high | Participial modifier of Καρανόν. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 8 Μακεδονίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 8 | Μακεδονίᾳ | Μακεδονία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 βασιλεύοντα | obl | high | Locative complement of βασιλεύοντα. |
| 9 | κρατῆσαι | κρατέω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | high | Infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 10 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 κρατῆσαι | obl | medium | Dative of means or circumstance: 'in battle'. |
| 11 | Κισσέως | Κισσεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 μάχῃ | nmod | medium | Genitive associated with μάχῃ, likely 'battle against/of Kisseus'. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 Κισσέως | punct | high | |
| 13 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 14 ἐδυνάστευεν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Κισσέως. |
| 14 | ἐδυνάστευεν | δυναστεύω | VERB | V-3S-IAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 11 Κισσέως | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 16 χώρᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 16 | χώρᾳ | χώρα | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐδυνάστευεν | obl | high | Locative complement of ἐδυνάστευεν. |
| 17 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ὁμόρῳ | det | high | Article agreeing with ὁμόρῳ. |
| 18 | ὁμόρῳ | ὅμορος | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 χώρᾳ | amod | high | Adjective agreeing with χώρα, 'bordering/adjacent'. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐδυνάστευεν | punct | high |
καὶ ὁ μὲν τρόπαιον ὁ Καρανὸς κατὰ νόμους τοὺς Ἀργείων ἔστησεν ἐπὶ τῇ νίκῃ·
The first ὁ is article-like with τρόπαιον, while the second ὁ introduces the subject Καρανός; μὲν is correlative and the sentence is coordinated with prior context. κατὰ νόμους takes the accusative; ἐπὶ τῇ νίκῃ is a temporal/occasion adjunct.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 11 ἔστησεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Masc-Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τρόπαιον | det | high | Article with τρόπαιον; syntactically somewhat unexpected in the isolated clause. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 11 ἔστησεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle; counterpart may occur in surrounding text. |
| 4 | τρόπαιον | τρόπαιον | NOUN | N-Acc-Neut-Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἔστησεν | obj | medium | Accusative object of ἔστησεν; ὁ τρόπαιον may reflect a textual or tokenization irregularity. |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Masc-Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Καρανὸς | det | high | |
| 6 | Καρανὸς | Καρανός | PROPN | N-Nom-Masc-Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἔστησεν | nsubj | high | Personal name. |
| 7 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | Prep-Acc | _ | 8 νόμους | case | high | |
| 8 | νόμους | νόμος | NOUN | N-Acc-Masc-Plur | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἔστησεν | obl | high | Object of κατά in the phrase κατὰ νόμους. |
| 9 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Masc-Plur | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Ἀργείων | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A-Gen-Masc-Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 νόμους | nmod | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective, dependent on νόμους. |
| 11 | ἔστησεν | ἵστημι | VERB | V-Aor-Act-Ind-3Sing | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active indicative. |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | Prep-Dat | _ | 14 νίκῃ | case | high | With dative, marking occasion or circumstance. |
| 13 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Art-Dat-Fem-Sing | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 νίκῃ | det | high | |
| 14 | νίκῃ | νίκη | NOUN | N-Dat-Fem-Sing | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἔστησεν | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπί. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔστησεν | punct | high |
ἐπελθόντα δέ φασιν ἐκ τοῦ Ὀλύμπου λέοντα ἀνατρέψαι τε τὸ τρόπαιον καὶ ἀφανισθῆναι, συνεῖναι τε γνώμῃ
Infinitival report after φασιν: λέοντα is the accusative subject of ἀνατρέψαι, ἀφανισθῆναι, and συνεῖναι; the final συνεῖναι is coordinated by τε and takes γνώμῃ as a dative of manner/means. The participle ἐπελθόντα is accusative and agrees with λέοντα, functioning within the reported event.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπελθόντα | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | AAPMSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 7 λέοντα | acl | medium | Aorist active participle agreeing with accusative λέοντα; temporal/eventive force. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 φασιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Reporting verb governing the infinitival clause. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Ὀλύμπου | case | high | Preposition governing τοῦ Ὀλύμπου. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ὀλύμπου | det | high | Article modifying Ὀλύμπου. |
| 6 | Ὀλύμπου | Ὄλυμπος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπελθόντα | obl | medium | Genitive of source with ἐκ, attached to the participial event. |
| 7 | λέοντα | λέων | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνατρέψαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the reported infinitives. |
| 8 | ἀνατρέψαι | ἀνατρέπω | VERB | V-AAI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 3 φασιν | ccomp | high | First infinitive governed by φασιν. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἀνατρέψαι | cc | high | Coordinates the two complements of ἀνατρέψαι. |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 τρόπαιον | det | high | Article modifying τρόπαιον. |
| 11 | τρόπαιον | τρόπαιον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνατρέψαι | obj | high | Object of ἀνατρέψαι. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἀφανισθῆναι | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitive with the first. |
| 13 | ἀφανισθῆναι | ἀφανίζω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Pass | 8 ἀνατρέψαι | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive; λέοντα is understood as accusative subject. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀφανισθῆναι | punct | high | |
| 15 | συνεῖναι | σύνειμι | VERB | V-PAI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 8 ἀνατρέψαι | conj | medium | Further coordinated infinitive, with λέοντα as understood subject; exact semantic relation is somewhat elliptical. |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 συνεῖναι | cc | high | Coordinates συνεῖναι with the preceding infinitival material. |
| 17 | γνώμῃ | γνώμη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 συνεῖναι | obl | medium | Dative of manner or means: knowingly/with understanding. |