Grammar parses for passage 9.40.7
Open translation for this passage
Χαιρωνεῦσι δὲ δύο ἐστὶν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τρόπαια, ἃ Ῥωμαῖοι καὶ Σύλλας ἔστησαν Ταξίλον καὶ στρατιὰν τὴν Μιθριδάτου κρατήσαντες.
The clause ἃ Ῥωμαῖοι καὶ Σύλλας ἔστησαν is a relative clause; the participle κρατήσαντες is best taken as circumstantial, modifying the subject of ἔστησαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Χαιρωνεῦσι | Χαιρώνεια | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἐστὶν | obl | medium | Dative plural toponym functioning as locative/dative of reference. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἐστὶν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | δύο | δύο | NUM | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 τρόπαια | nummod | high | Numeral modifying τρόπαια. |
| 4 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SPI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 τρόπαια | cop | high | Copula with τρόπαια as predicate head. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 7 χώρᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 χώρᾳ | det | high | Article modifying χώρᾳ. |
| 7 | χώρᾳ | χώρα | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 τρόπαια | nmod | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 8 | τρόπαια | τρόπαιον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate nominal of existential/copular clause. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 τρόπαια | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἔστησαν | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to τρόπαια. |
| 11 | Ῥωμαῖοι | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἔστησαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔστησαν. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 Σύλλας | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 13 | Σύλλας | Σύλλας | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Ῥωμαῖοι | conj | high | Coordinated with Ῥωμαῖοι, though number is semantically odd. |
| 14 | ἔστησαν | ἵστημι | VERB | V-3PAAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 τρόπαια | acl:relcl | high | Finite relative clause modifying τρόπαια. |
| 15 | Ταξίλον | Ταξίλης | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἔστησαν | obj | high | Object of ἔστησαν. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 στρατιὰν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 17 | στρατιὰν | στρατιά | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 Ταξίλον | conj | high | Coordinated object with Ταξίλον. |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 στρατιὰν | det | high | Article modifying στρατιάν. |
| 19 | Μιθριδάτου | Μιθριδάτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 στρατιὰν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of στρατιάν. |
| 20 | κρατήσαντες | κρατέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 Ῥωμαῖοι | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Ῥωμαῖοι. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 τρόπαια | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Φίλιππος δὲ οὐκ ἀνέθηκεν ὁ Ἀμύντου τρόπαιον οὔτε ἐνταῦθα οὔτε ὁπόσας μάχας ἄλλας βαρβάρους ἢ καὶ Ἕλληνας ἐνίκησεν· οὐ γάρ τι Μακεδόσιν ἱστάναι τρόπαια ἦν νενομισμένον.
Two clauses: first with Φίλιππος as subject of ἀνέθηκεν and participial/articular apposition around ὁ Ἀμύντου τρόπαιον; second impersonal construction with ἦν νενομισμένον plus infinitive ἱστάναι and dative Μακεδόσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φίλιππος | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-SM---N- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing | 4 ἀνέθηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 ἀνέθηκεν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 4 ἀνέθηκεν | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἀνέθηκεν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-3SAAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM--- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Ἀμύντου | det | medium | Likely article in apposition with Ἀμύντου, though syntax is irregular. |
| 6 | Ἀμύντου | Ἀμύντας | PROPN | N-GSM--- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing | 7 τρόπαιον | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of τρόπαιον, expressing possession/association. |
| 7 | τρόπαιον | τρόπαιον | NOUN | N-NSN--- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Sing | 4 ἀνέθηκεν | obj | high | |
| 8 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἀνέθηκεν | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 ἀνέθηκεν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἐνίκησεν | cc | high | |
| 11 | ὁπόσας | ὁπόσος | DET | A-PAF--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 12 μάχας | det | high | |
| 12 | μάχας | μάχη | NOUN | N-PAF--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plur | 18 ἐνίκησεν | obj | high | |
| 13 | ἄλλας | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-PAF--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plur | 12 μάχας | amod | high | |
| 14 | βαρβάρους | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A-PAF--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plur | 12 μάχας | amod | medium | Morphology is awkward for form; likely adjectival modification of μάχας as in sense 'barbarian battles' or possibly substantivized. |
| 15 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 Ἕλληνας | cc | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 Ἕλληνας | cc | high | |
| 17 | Ἕλληνας | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-PAF--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plur | 18 ἐνίκησεν | obj | medium | Form expected masculine in many contexts; taken here as coordinated object in the clause. |
| 18 | ἐνίκησεν | νικάω | VERB | V-3SAAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ἀνέθηκεν | conj | high | |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἀνέθηκεν | punct | high | |
| 20 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 26 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 21 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 26 ἦν | discourse | high | |
| 22 | τι | τις | PRON | P-NSN--- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 26 ἦν | nsubj | low | Probably enclitic indefiniteness with impersonal ἦν; analysis is uncertain. |
| 23 | Μακεδόσιν | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-PDM--- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plur | 24 ἱστάναι | obl | high | Dative with infinitive ἱστάναι. |
| 24 | ἱστάναι | ἵστημι | VERB | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 26 ἦν | xcomp | high | |
| 25 | τρόπαια | τρόπαιον | NOUN | N-APN--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plur | 24 ἱστάναι | obj | high | |
| 26 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SIAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 27 νενομισμένον | aux | high | |
| 27 | νενομισμένον | νομίζω | VERB | V-NSPN--- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 26 ἦν | root | high | Periphrastic passive predicate with ἦν. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 νενομισμένον | punct | high |