Grammar parses for passage 9.40.5
Open translation for this passage
Λεβαδέων δὲ ἔχονται Χαιρωνεῖς.
The sentence means approximately 'Next to Lebadea are the Chaeroneans'; ἔχονται is interpreted as a middle verb of adjacency, with Λεβαδέων as a genitive locative/separative complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λεβαδέων | Λεβάδεια | PROPN | N--GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 ἔχονται | obl | high | Place-name in the genitive plural, governed by the verb in the sense 'from/next to Lebadea'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 Χαιρωνεῖς | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ἔχονται | ἔχω | VERB | V3PPI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Present middle form; here 'are adjacent to/follow'. The genitive is a locative/separative complement. |
| 4 | Χαιρωνεῖς | Χαιρώνεια | PROPN | N--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἔχονται | nsubj | medium | Ethnic/place-name plural serving as the nominative subject; lexical gender and inflection are somewhat exceptional. |
| 5 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἔχονται | punct | high |
ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ ἡ πόλις καὶ τούτοις Ἄρνη τὸ ἀρχαῖον·
Copular/passive naming construction: ἡ πόλις is the subject of ἐκαλεῖτο, Ἄρνη the predicate nominative, and τούτοις is a dative of reference/association (‘also by these/among these’); τὸ ἀρχαῖον is an adverbial accusative meaning ‘in ancient times/originally’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐκαλεῖτο | καλέω | VERB | V- Impf Ind Med 3 Sg | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 ἐκαλεῖτο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom F Sg | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 4 πόλις | det | high | |
| 4 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-Nom F Sg | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 1 ἐκαλεῖτο | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | ADV | Adv | _ | 1 ἐκαλεῖτο | advmod | high | Adverbial ‘also’, modifying the naming predicate. |
| 6 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | D-Dat M Pl | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 1 ἐκαλεῖτο | obl | medium | Dative of reference/association; exact force is context-dependent. |
| 7 | Ἄρνη | Ἄρνη | PROPN | N-Nom F Sg | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 1 ἐκαλεῖτο | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with passive καλέω (‘be called/named’). |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc N Sg | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 9 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | |
| 9 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-Acc N Sg | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 1 ἐκαλεῖτο | advmod | high | Substantivized/adverbial accusative: ‘in ancient times’, ‘originally’. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐκαλεῖτο | punct | high |
θυγατέρα δὲ εἶναι λέγουσιν Αἰόλου τὴν Ἄρνην, ἀπὸ δὲ ταύτης κληθῆναι καὶ ἑτέραν ἐν Θεσσαλίᾳ πόλιν·
Indirect statement after λέγουσιν contains εἶναι and coordinated κληθῆναι; the second infinitive has πόλιν as its accusative subject and ταύτης as the source with ἀπό.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Ἄρνην | pred | high | Predicate accusative in the infinitival clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 4 λέγουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | v--paa--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive of indirect statement. |
| 4 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | Αἰόλου | Αἴολος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 θυγατέρα | nmod | high | Genitive of relationship with θυγατέρα. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Ἄρνην | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἄρνην | Ἄρνη | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 θυγατέρα | obj | high | Subject of εἶναι expressed as accusative; appositional identification with θυγατέρα. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 λέγουσιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 11 ταύτης | case | high | |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 12 κληθῆναι | cc | high | |
| 11 | ταύτης | οὗτος | PRON | p-s---gf- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 12 κληθῆναι | obl | high | Object of ἀπό in the passive naming construction. |
| 12 | κληθῆναι | καλέω | VERB | v--app--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 4 λέγουσιν | conj | high | Second infinitive coordinated with εἶναι. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 14 ἑτέραν | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἑτέραν | ἕτερος | ADJ | a-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 πόλιν | amod | high | Substantivized adjective modifying πόλιν. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 16 Θεσσαλίᾳ | case | high | |
| 16 | Θεσσαλίᾳ | Θεσσαλία | PROPN | n-s---fl- | Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 πόλιν | nmod | medium | Locative in sense, conventionally tagged as dative in many Ancient Greek schemes. |
| 17 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 κληθῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of passive κληθῆναι. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ νῦν τοῖς Χαιρωνεῦσιν ὄνομα γεγονέναι ἀπὸ Χαίρωνος, ὃν Ἀπόλλωνός φασιν εἶναι, μητέρα δὲ αὐτοῦ Θηρὼ τὴν Φύλαντος εἶναι.
Accusative-and-infinitive construction dependent on an understood governing verb: τὸ ... ὄνομα γεγονέναι ... μητέρα ... εἶναι. The relative clause identifies Χαίρων; φασιν takes an infinitival complement. The final εἶναι coordinates with γεγονέναι, with Θηρὼ as subject and μητέρα as predicate accusative; τὴν Φύλαντος is a genitive-linked name construction, probably ‘the daughter of Phylas’ understood elliptically.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 γεγονέναι | cc | high | |
| 3 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | D | _ | 7 γεγονέναι | advmod | high | |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Χαιρωνεῦσιν | det | high | |
| 5 | Χαιρωνεῦσιν | Χαιρωνεύς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 γεγονέναι | iobj | high | Dative of the people concerned/possessor. |
| 6 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 γεγονέναι | nsubj | medium | Accusative-and-infinitive syntax would conventionally favor accusative; form is syncretic with nominative and is treated as infinitival subject. |
| 7 | γεγονέναι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RAI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect active infinitive in the main reported proposition. |
| 8 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-G | _ | 9 Χαίρωνος | case | high | |
| 9 | Χαίρωνος | Χαίρων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 γεγονέναι | obl | high | Source/origin complement of ἀπό. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 γεγονέναι | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 φασιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of φασιν understood with εἶναι. |
| 12 | Ἀπόλλωνός | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the infinitive εἶναι. |
| 13 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 γεγονέναι | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical reporting verb; its infinitival complement is εἶναι. |
| 14 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 φασιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by φασιν; ὃν is its understood accusative subject. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 φασιν | punct | high | |
| 16 | μητέρα | μήτηρ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 22 εἶναι | cc | high | |
| 18 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 μητέρα | nmod:poss | high | Possessive/genitive dependent on μητέρα: ‘his mother’. |
| 19 | Θηρὼ | Θηρώ | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Subject of the final infinitive. |
| 20 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 Φύλαντος | det | high | |
| 21 | Φύλαντος | Φύλαντος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Θηρὼ | nmod | medium | Genitive name phrase; likely an elliptical appositional/kinship expression with τὴν understood noun. |
| 22 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 γεγονέναι | conj | high | Second infinitive coordinated with γεγονέναι; Θηρὼ is its subject and μητέρα its predicate. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 γεγονέναι | punct | high |
μαρτυρεῖ δὲ καὶ ὁ τὰ ἔπη τὰς μεγάλας Ἠοίας ποιήσας·
The participial phrase ὁ ... ποιήσας is a substantivized articular aorist participle, subject of μαρτυρεῖ; τὰ ἔπη is its accusative object, while τὰς μεγάλας Ἠοίας is the title/name of the work, also accusative and appositional to ἔπη.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μαρτυρεῖ | μαρτυρέω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | advmod | high | Adverbial 'also'. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ποιήσας | det | high | Article substantivizing ποιήσας with its intervening objects. |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA-APN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἔπη | det | high | |
| 6 | ἔπη | ἔπος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ποιήσας | obj | high | Object of ποιήσας. |
| 7 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | RA-APF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 Ἠοίας | det | high | |
| 8 | μεγάλας | μέγας | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 Ἠοίας | amod | high | |
| 9 | Ἠοίας | Ἠοῖαι | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἔπη | appos | medium | Title/name of Hesiodic works, appositional to ἔπη. |
| 10 | ποιήσας | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAP- NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | nsubj | high | Aorist active participle; substantivized by ὁ. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | punct | high |