Grammar parses for passage 9.5.13
Open translation for this passage
καὶ οἱ μὲν μονομαχοῦντες ἀποθνήσκουσιν, ἐς δὲ Λαοδάμαντα τὸν Ἐτεοκλέους καθηκούσης τῆς βασιλείας Κρέων ὁ Μενοικέως ἐδυνάστευεν ἐπιτροπεύων τὸν παῖδα.
The syntax is two coordinated clauses; the second contains a temporal/genitive-absolute-like phrase with καθηκούσης τῆς βασιλείας modifying the time frame of Κρέων’s rule.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἀποθνήσκουσιν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 2 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 μονομαχοῦντες | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 2 οἱ | discourse | medium | Correlative particle, attached to article phrase. |
| 4 | μονομαχοῦντες | μονομαχέω | VERB | PAPNPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἀποθνήσκουσιν | nsubj | high | Substantival participle functioning as subject. |
| 5 | ἀποθνήσκουσιν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | VPAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀποθνήσκουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 18 ἐδυνάστευεν | case | high | Preposition governing Λαοδάμαντα. |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 Λαοδάμαντα | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 9 | Λαοδάμαντα | Λαοδάμας | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐδυνάστευεν | obl | medium | Object of preposition ἐς; semantically the point of reference. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Ἐτεοκλέους | det | high | Article modifying patronymic. |
| 11 | Ἐτεοκλέους | Ἐτεοκλῆς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Λαοδάμαντα | appos | medium | Patronymic in apposition to Λαοδάμαντα. |
| 12 | καθηκούσης | καθήκω | VERB | PAPGFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 βασιλείας | amod | medium | Genitive participle agreeing with βασιλείας; likely circumstantial genitive absolute-like modifier. |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 βασιλείας | det | high | Article. |
| 14 | βασιλείας | βασιλεία | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐδυνάστευεν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute-like temporal clause, lit. 'when the kingship devolved'. |
| 15 | Κρέων | Κρέων | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐδυνάστευεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐδυνάστευεν. |
| 16 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Μενοικέως | det | high | Article with patronymic. |
| 17 | Μενοικέως | Μενοικεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Κρέων | appos | medium | Patronymic in apposition to Κρέων. |
| 18 | ἐδυνάστευεν | δυναστεύω | VERB | VIAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 19 | ἐπιτροπεύων | ἐπιτροπεύω | VERB | PAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἐδυνάστευεν | advcl | high | Participial modifier of ἐδυνάστευεν. |
| 20 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 παῖδα | det | high | Article with object. |
| 21 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐπιτροπεύων | obj | high | Direct object of ἐπιτροπεύων. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐδυνάστευεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἤδη δὲ Λαοδάμαντος ηὐξημένου καὶ ἔχοντος τὴν ἀρχήν, δεύτερον τότε ἄγουσι τὴν στρατιὰν ἐπὶ τὰς Θήβας· ἀντεστρατοπεδευμένων δὲ καὶ τῶν Θηβαίων περὶ Γλίσαντα, ὡς ἐς χεῖρας συνῆλθον, Αἰγιαλέα μὲν τὸν Ἀδράστου Λαοδάμας ἀποκτίννυσι, κρατησάντων δὲ τῇ μάχῃ τῶν Ἀργείων Λαοδάμας σὺν τοῖς ἐθέλουσιν ἕπεσθαι Θηβαίων ὑπὸ τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν νύκτα ἀπεχώρησεν ἐς Ἰλλυριούς.
The sentence is a chain of participial constructions and paratactic finite clauses; the main syntactic challenge is assigning the two genitive absolutes and the compressed participial phrase with σὺν τοῖς ἐθέλουσιν ἕπεσθαι Θηβαίων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 12 ἄγουσι | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying ἄγουσι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 12 ἄγουσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | Λαοδάμαντος | Λαοδάμας | PROPN | Ne-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἔχοντος | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the participle. |
| 4 | ηὐξημένου | αὐξάνω | VERB | V-RPPGM-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 6 ἔχοντος | conj | high | Participial predicate coordinated with ἔχοντος. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ηὐξημένου | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive participles. |
| 6 | ἔχοντος | ἔχω | VERB | V-RAPGM-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἄγουσι | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Λαοδάμαντος. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ἀρχήν | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχήν. |
| 8 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἔχοντος | obj | high | Object of ἔχοντος. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἄγουσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | δεύτερον | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἄγουσι | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative; form could be treated as adverbial. |
| 11 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 12 ἄγουσι | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 12 | ἄγουσι | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause verb; subject omitted. |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 στρατιὰν | det | high | Article modifying στρατιὰν. |
| 14 | στρατιὰν | στρατιά | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἄγουσι | obj | high | Direct object of ἄγουσι. |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 Θήβας | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 16 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L-P---FA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 Θήβας | det | high | Article modifying Θήβας. |
| 17 | Θήβας | Θῆβαι | PROPN | Ne-P---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ἄγουσι | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐπί. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἄγουσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 19 | ἀντεστρατοπεδευμένων | ἀντιστρατοπεδεύομαι | VERB | V-RPPGM-P- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 30 συνῆλθον | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute; lemma uncertain in exact dictionary form but sense is clear. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 19 ἀντεστρατοπεδευμένων | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἀντεστρατοπεδευμένων | cc | high | Coordinates within the genitive absolute phrase. |
| 22 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 23 Θηβαίων | det | high | Article modifying Θηβαίων. |
| 23 | Θηβαίων | Θηβαῖος | ADJ | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἀντεστρατοπεδευμένων | nsubj | high | Genitive subject in the absolute construction. |
| 24 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 Γλίσαντα | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 25 | Γλίσαντα | Γλίσας | PROPN | Ne-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἀντεστρατοπεδευμένων | obl | high | Oblique complement of περί. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 συνῆλθον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 27 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 30 συνῆλθον | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing temporal clause. |
| 28 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 29 χεῖρας | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 29 | χεῖρας | χείρ | NOUN | N-P---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 30 συνῆλθον | obl | high | Literal 'into hands', idiomatic for close combat. |
| 30 | συνῆλθον | συνέρχομαι | VERB | V-AAI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 ἄγουσι | advcl | high | Temporal/causal subordinate clause. |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 37 ἀποκτίννυσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 32 | Αἰγιαλέα | Αἰγιαλεύς | PROPN | Ne-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 ἀποκτίννυσι | obj | high | Direct object of ἀποκτίννυσι. |
| 33 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 32 Αἰγιαλέα | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 34 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 35 Ἀδράστου | det | high | Article modifying Ἀδράστου. |
| 35 | Ἀδράστου | Ἄδραστος | PROPN | Ne-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 Αἰγιαλέα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Αἰγιαλέα. |
| 36 | Λαοδάμας | Λαοδάμας | PROPN | Ne-S---MS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 ἀποκτίννυσι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀποκτίννυσι. |
| 37 | ἀποκτίννυσι | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-PAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ἄγουσι | parataxis | high | New coordinated finite clause. |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 37 ἀποκτίννυσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 39 | κρατησάντων | κρατέω | VERB | V-AAPGM-P- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 55 ἀπεχώρησεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute introducing another circumstance. |
| 40 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 39 κρατησάντων | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 41 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 42 μάχῃ | det | high | Article modifying μάχῃ. |
| 42 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 κρατησάντων | obl | high | Instrumental/dative in the genitive absolute context. |
| 43 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 44 Ἀργείων | det | high | Article modifying Ἀργείων. |
| 44 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 39 κρατησάντων | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the absolute construction. |
| 45 | Λαοδάμας | Λαοδάμας | PROPN | Ne-S---MS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 55 ἀπεχώρησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπεχώρησεν. |
| 46 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 48 ἐθέλουσιν | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 47 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 48 ἐθέλουσιν | det | high | Article modifying ἐθέλουσιν. |
| 48 | ἐθέλουσιν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAPMDP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 45 Λαοδάμας | obl | high | Participial phrase governed by σὺν. |
| 49 | ἕπεσθαι | ἕπομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 48 ἐθέλουσιν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of ἐθέλουσιν. |
| 50 | Θηβαίων | Θηβαῖος | ADJ | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 48 ἐθέλουσιν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on the participial group; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 51 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 55 ἀπεχώρησεν | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 52 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 54 νύκτα | det | high | Article modifying νύκτα. |
| 53 | ἐπιοῦσαν | ἔπειμι | VERB | V-PAPFA-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 54 νύκτα | amod | high | Attributive participle modifying νύκτα. |
| 54 | νύκτα | νύξ | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 55 ἀπεχώρησεν | obl | high | Temporal oblique with ὑπό. |
| 55 | ἀπεχώρησεν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | V-AAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Final main verb of the passage. |
| 56 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 57 Ἰλλυριούς | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 57 | Ἰλλυριούς | Ἰλλυριοί | PROPN | Ne-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 55 ἀπεχώρησεν | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 55 ἀπεχώρησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |