Grammar parses for passage 9.5.3
Open translation for this passage
ἐπὶ μὲν δὴ Κάδμου μέγιστον μετά γε αὐτὸν Κάδμον ἠδύναντο οἱ Σπαρτοί, Χθόνιος καὶ Ὑπερήνωρ καὶ Πέλωρος καὶ Οὐδαῖος·
The sentence has an elliptical comparison: after Κάδμου, the Spartoi were most powerful, with μετά γε αὐτὸν Κάδμον meaning 'after/next to Cadmus himself'; the four proper names are appositional subjects to οἱ Σπαρτοί. The exact force of ἐπί is context-dependent and is treated as an adverbial preposition phrase with Κάδμου.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | Case=Gen | 4 Κάδμου | case | medium | Preposition governing the following genitive; exact semantic force is context-dependent. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G- | _ | 10 ἠδύναντο | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G- | _ | 10 ἠδύναντο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | Κάδμου | Κάδμος | PROPN | N--SMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 μέγιστον | obl | medium | Genitive in the ἐπὶ phrase; construction is somewhat elliptical. |
| 5 | μέγιστον | μέγας | ADJ | A-SNS | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἠδύναντο | xcomp | low | Neuter superlative used substantivally/predicatively, with an elliptical understood notion such as 'in power'. |
| 6 | μετά | μετά | ADP | R- | Case=Acc | 8 αὐτὸν | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτόν and the following appositional Κάδμον. |
| 7 | γε | γε | PART | G- | _ | 8 αὐτὸν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 8 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-SAMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 10 ἠδύναντο | obl | high | Accusative object of μετά in the sense 'after/next to him'. |
| 9 | Κάδμον | Κάδμος | PROPN | N-AS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 αὐτὸν | appos | high | Apposition to αὐτόν. |
| 10 | ἠδύναντο | δύναμαι | VERB | V-3PIMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 Σπαρτοί | det | high | |
| 12 | Σπαρτοί | Σπαρτός | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἠδύναντο | nsubj | high | Collective proper-name subject. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἠδύναντο | punct | high | |
| 14 | Χθόνιος | Χθόνιος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Σπαρτοί | appos | high | Singular personal name in apposition to the collective plural Σπαρτοί. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 16 Ὑπερήνωρ | cc | high | |
| 16 | Ὑπερήνωρ | Ὑπερήνωρ | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Σπαρτοί | conj | high | Conjoined appositional name; καί is attached to the following conjunct. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 18 Πέλωρος | cc | high | |
| 18 | Πέλωρος | Πέλωρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Σπαρτοί | conj | high | Conjoined appositional name. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 20 Οὐδαῖος | cc | high | |
| 20 | Οὐδαῖος | Οὐδαῖος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Σπαρτοί | conj | high | Final conjoined appositional name. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἠδύναντο | punct | high |
Ἐχίονα δὲ ὡς προέχοντα κατʼ ἀνδραγαθίαν γαμβρὸν ἠξίωσεν ὁ Κάδμος ποιήσασθαι.
Ἐχίονα is the accusative object of the infinitive ποιήσασθαι, with γαμβρόν as its predicative complement; προέχοντα is a circumstantial participle modified by κατά + accusative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἐχίονα | Ἐχίων | PROPN | Neuter? | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 γαμβρὸν | obj | medium | Personal name, accusative singular; spelling/form may reflect variant declension. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 ἠξίωσεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 4 προέχοντα | mark | medium | Introduces a circumstantial/causal participial clause. |
| 4 | προέχοντα | προέχω | VERB | PresActPtcAccSgMasc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Ἐχίονα | acl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with Ἐχίονα. |
| 5 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 6 ἀνδραγαθίαν | case | high | Elided before vowel. |
| 6 | ἀνδραγαθίαν | ἀνδραγαθία | NOUN | FemAccSg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 προέχοντα | obl | high | |
| 7 | γαμβρὸν | γαμβρός | NOUN | MascAccSg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ποιήσασθαι | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative with ποιήσασθαι. |
| 8 | ἠξίωσεν | ἀξιόω | VERB | AorActInd3Sg | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | MascNomSg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Κάδμος | det | high | |
| 10 | Κάδμος | Κάδμος | PROPN | MascNomSg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἠξίωσεν | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | ποιήσασθαι | ποιέω | VERB | AorMidInf | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 8 ἠξίωσεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἠξίωσεν; middle voice means ‘make/take as’. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἠξίωσεν | punct | high |
τοὺς δὲ ἄνδρας τούτους---οὐ γάρ τι ἠδυνάμην ἐς αὐτοὺς παρευρεῖν---ἕπομαι τῷ μύθῳ Σπαρτοὺς διὰ τὸν τρόπον ὅντινα ἐγένοντο ὀνομασθῆναι.
Main construction: ἕπομαι takes dative τῷ μύθῳ and governs the infinitive ὀνομασθῆναι; Σπαρτούς is the accusative subject/predicative naming complement of the infinitive. The dashes are punctuation placeholders, retained as separate tokens.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἄνδρας | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἕπομαι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἕπομαι | obj | high | |
| 4 | τούτους | οὗτος | DET | RD-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἄνδρας | det | high | Demonstrative determiner. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἕπομαι | punct | high | |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἕπομαι | punct | high | |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἕπομαι | punct | high | |
| 8 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 11 ἠδυνάμην | advmod | high | |
| 9 | γάρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἠδυνάμην | mark | medium | Explanatory connective introducing the parenthetical clause. |
| 10 | τι | τις | PRON | PX-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 παρευρεῖν | obj | medium | Indefinite pronoun, adverbial/partitive nuance possible. |
| 11 | ἠδυνάμην | δύναμαι | VERB | V-IMI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 18 ἕπομαι | parataxis | high | Parenthetical finite clause. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 αὐτοὺς | case | high | |
| 13 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P------A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 14 παρευρεῖν | obl | high | |
| 14 | παρευρεῖν | παρευρίσκω | VERB | V--PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 ἠδυνάμην | xcomp | medium | Infinitive dependent on δύναμαι; exact lexical parsing of παρευρεῖν is somewhat uncertain. |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἕπομαι | punct | high | |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἕπομαι | punct | high | |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἕπομαι | punct | high | |
| 18 | ἕπομαι | ἕπομαι | VERB | V-PMI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 μύθῳ | det | high | |
| 20 | μύθῳ | μῦθος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἕπομαι | obl | high | Dative complement of ἕπομαι. |
| 21 | Σπαρτοὺς | Σπαρτός | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ὀνομασθῆναι | xcomp | medium | Accusative predicative/name complement with the passive infinitive; may alternatively be analyzed as its accusative subject. |
| 22 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 τρόπον | case | high | |
| 23 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 τρόπον | det | high | |
| 24 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἐγένοντο | obl | high | Prepositional phrase modifying ἐγένοντο. |
| 25 | ὅντινα | ὅστις | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 τρόπον | acl:relcl | high | Relative pronoun referring to τρόπον. |
| 26 | ἐγένοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 27 ὀνομασθῆναι | advcl | high | Relative-clause predicate; subject is understood as the men. |
| 27 | ὀνομασθῆναι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 18 ἕπομαι | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by ἕπομαι in the sense ‘I follow the account in calling…’. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἕπομαι | punct | high |
Κάδμου δὲ ἐς Ἰλλυριοὺς καὶ Ἰλλυριῶν ἐς τοὺς καλουμένους Ἐγχελέας μετοικήσαντος Πολύδωρος ὁ Κάδμου τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔσχε.
The opening genitive absolute means 'when/after Cadmus migrated to the Illyrians and from the Illyrians to those called the Encheleans'; Πολύδωρος ὁ Κάδμου is the main-clause subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κάδμου | Κάδμος | PROPN | N-proper-gen-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 μετοικήσαντος | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἔσχε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Ἰλλυριοὺς | case | high | Directional preposition. |
| 4 | Ἰλλυριοὺς | Ἰλλυριός | PROPN | N-proper-acc-pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 μετοικήσαντος | obl | high | Destination of μετοικήσαντος. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐς | cc | high | Coordinates the two destination phrases. |
| 6 | Ἰλλυριῶν | Ἰλλυριός | PROPN | N-proper-gen-pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 μετοικήσαντος | obl | high | Genitive of departure/source with ἐς. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Ἰλλυριῶν | case | high | Preposition governing Ἰλλυριῶν in the second migration phrase. |
| 8 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-art-acc-pl-masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 καλουμένους | det | high | Article with the substantivized participle. |
| 9 | καλουμένους | καλέω | VERB | V-ppart-mp-acc-pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 Ἐγχελέας | amod | high | Substantivized passive participle modifying Ἐγχελέας. |
| 10 | Ἐγχελέας | Ἐγχελεῖς | PROPN | N-proper-acc-pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐς | obl | high | Destination, appositional to the substantivized τοὺς καλουμένους. |
| 11 | μετοικήσαντος | μετοικέω | VERB | V-apart-gen-sg-masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἔσχε | advcl | high | Genitive absolute temporal/circumstantial participle. |
| 12 | Πολύδωρος | Πολύδωρος | PROPN | N-proper-nom-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἔσχε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔσχε. |
| 13 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-art-nom-sg-masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Κάδμου | det | high | Article introducing the genitive patronymic phrase. |
| 14 | Κάδμου | Κάδμος | PROPN | N-proper-gen-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Πολύδωρος | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive dependent on Πολύδωρος; article is appositional in sense. |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-art-acc-sg-fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀρχὴν | det | high | Article with ἀρχήν. |
| 16 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-fem-acc-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἔσχε | obj | high | Direct object of ἔσχε. |
| 17 | ἔσχε | ἔχω | VERB | V-aor-act-ind-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate: held/obtained the rule. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἔσχε | punct | high |