Grammar parses for passage 9.5.3
Open translation for this passage
ἐπὶ μὲν δὴ Κάδμου μέγιστον μετά γε αὐτὸν Κάδμον ἠδύναντο οἱ Σπαρτοί, Χθόνιος καὶ Ὑπερήνωρ καὶ Πέλωρος καὶ Οὐδαῖος·
The sentence has an elliptical comparison: after Κάδμου, the Spartoi were most powerful, with μετά γε αὐτὸν Κάδμον meaning 'after/next to Cadmus himself'; the four proper names are appositional subjects to οἱ Σπαρτοί. The exact force of ἐπί is context-dependent and is treated as an adverbial preposition phrase with Κάδμου.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | Case=Gen | 4 Κάδμου | case | medium | Preposition governing the following genitive; exact semantic force is context-dependent. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G- | _ | 10 ἠδύναντο | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G- | _ | 10 ἠδύναντο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | Κάδμου | Κάδμος | PROPN | N--SMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 μέγιστον | obl | medium | Genitive in the ἐπὶ phrase; construction is somewhat elliptical. |
| 5 | μέγιστον | μέγας | ADJ | A-SNS | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἠδύναντο | xcomp | low | Neuter superlative used substantivally/predicatively, with an elliptical understood notion such as 'in power'. |
| 6 | μετά | μετά | ADP | R- | Case=Acc | 8 αὐτὸν | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτόν and the following appositional Κάδμον. |
| 7 | γε | γε | PART | G- | _ | 8 αὐτὸν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 8 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-SAMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 10 ἠδύναντο | obl | high | Accusative object of μετά in the sense 'after/next to him'. |
| 9 | Κάδμον | Κάδμος | PROPN | N-AS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 αὐτὸν | appos | high | Apposition to αὐτόν. |
| 10 | ἠδύναντο | δύναμαι | VERB | V-3PIMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 Σπαρτοί | det | high | |
| 12 | Σπαρτοί | Σπαρτός | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἠδύναντο | nsubj | high | Collective proper-name subject. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἠδύναντο | punct | high | |
| 14 | Χθόνιος | Χθόνιος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Σπαρτοί | appos | high | Singular personal name in apposition to the collective plural Σπαρτοί. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 16 Ὑπερήνωρ | cc | high | |
| 16 | Ὑπερήνωρ | Ὑπερήνωρ | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Σπαρτοί | conj | high | Conjoined appositional name; καί is attached to the following conjunct. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 18 Πέλωρος | cc | high | |
| 18 | Πέλωρος | Πέλωρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Σπαρτοί | conj | high | Conjoined appositional name. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 20 Οὐδαῖος | cc | high | |
| 20 | Οὐδαῖος | Οὐδαῖος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Σπαρτοί | conj | high | Final conjoined appositional name. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἠδύναντο | punct | high |
τοὺς δὲ ἄνδρας τούτους---οὐ γάρ τι ἠδυνάμην ἐς αὐτοὺς παρευρεῖν---ἕπομαι τῷ μύθῳ Σπαρτοὺς διὰ τὸν τρόπον ὅντινα ἐγένοντο ὀνομασθῆναι.
Main construction: ἕπομαι takes dative τῷ μύθῳ and governs the infinitive ὀνομασθῆναι; Σπαρτούς is the accusative subject/predicative naming complement of the infinitive. The dashes are punctuation placeholders, retained as separate tokens.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἄνδρας | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἕπομαι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἕπομαι | obj | high | |
| 4 | τούτους | οὗτος | DET | RD-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἄνδρας | det | high | Demonstrative determiner. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἕπομαι | punct | high | |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἕπομαι | punct | high | |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἕπομαι | punct | high | |
| 8 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 11 ἠδυνάμην | advmod | high | |
| 9 | γάρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἠδυνάμην | mark | medium | Explanatory connective introducing the parenthetical clause. |
| 10 | τι | τις | PRON | PX-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 παρευρεῖν | obj | medium | Indefinite pronoun, adverbial/partitive nuance possible. |
| 11 | ἠδυνάμην | δύναμαι | VERB | V-IMI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 18 ἕπομαι | parataxis | high | Parenthetical finite clause. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 αὐτοὺς | case | high | |
| 13 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P------A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 14 παρευρεῖν | obl | high | |
| 14 | παρευρεῖν | παρευρίσκω | VERB | V--PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 ἠδυνάμην | xcomp | medium | Infinitive dependent on δύναμαι; exact lexical parsing of παρευρεῖν is somewhat uncertain. |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἕπομαι | punct | high | |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἕπομαι | punct | high | |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἕπομαι | punct | high | |
| 18 | ἕπομαι | ἕπομαι | VERB | V-PMI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 μύθῳ | det | high | |
| 20 | μύθῳ | μῦθος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἕπομαι | obl | high | Dative complement of ἕπομαι. |
| 21 | Σπαρτοὺς | Σπαρτός | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ὀνομασθῆναι | xcomp | medium | Accusative predicative/name complement with the passive infinitive; may alternatively be analyzed as its accusative subject. |
| 22 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 τρόπον | case | high | |
| 23 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 τρόπον | det | high | |
| 24 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἐγένοντο | obl | high | Prepositional phrase modifying ἐγένοντο. |
| 25 | ὅντινα | ὅστις | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 τρόπον | acl:relcl | high | Relative pronoun referring to τρόπον. |
| 26 | ἐγένοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 27 ὀνομασθῆναι | advcl | high | Relative-clause predicate; subject is understood as the men. |
| 27 | ὀνομασθῆναι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 18 ἕπομαι | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by ἕπομαι in the sense ‘I follow the account in calling…’. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἕπομαι | punct | high |