Grammar parses for passage 9.7.4
Open translation for this passage
Κασσάνδρῳ μὲν ὅστις δὴ θεῶν τὴν δίκην ἔμελλεν ἀποδώσειν·
The clause is elliptical/semantically compressed: ὅστις δὴ θεῶν is treated as the subject of ἔμελλεν, with Κασσάνδρῳ as dative recipient and ἀποδώσειν as its infinitival complement; the choice of subject attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κασσάνδρῳ | Κασσάνδρα | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔμελλεν | iobj | high | Dative personal name, recipient/beneficiary of ἀποδώσειν. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | μέν | _ | 8 ἔμελλεν | discourse | high | Correlative/discourse particle; contrasting counterpart may be implicit. |
| 3 | ὅστις | ὅστις | PRON | irreg_nom_sg_m | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 8 ἔμελλεν | nsubj | medium | Indefinite-relative pronoun, substantivized; subject of ἔμελλεν. |
| 4 | δὴ | δή | PART | δή | _ | 3 ὅστις | discourse | high | Emphatic particle within the relative expression. |
| 5 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | noun_gen_pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ὅστις | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ὅστις, partitive ('whoever of the gods'). |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | article_acc_sg_f | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 δίκην | det | high | |
| 7 | δίκην | δίκη | NOUN | noun_acc_sg_f | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀποδώσειν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀποδώσειν. |
| 8 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | v2 imperf act ind 3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect of μέλλω governing the complementary infinitive. |
| 9 | ἀποδώσειν | ἀποδίδωμι | VERB | v1 aor act inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Complementary aorist infinitive after ἔμελλεν. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔμελλεν | punct | high |
Θηβαίοις δὲ ἐπὶ μὲν Κασσάνδρου πᾶς ὁ ἀρχαῖος περίβολος ἀνῳκίσθη, ἔδει δὲ ἄρα καὶ ὕστερον κακῶν σφᾶς μεγάλων γεύσασθαι.
Two coordinated clauses: Θηβαίοις is a dative affected experiencer with passive ἀνῳκίσθη; ἔδει takes the accusative subject σφᾶς and complementary infinitive γεύσασθαι. The phrase ἐπὶ Κασσάνδρου is temporal, and κακῶν μεγάλων is a genitive object with γεύσασθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θηβαίοις | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀνῳκίσθη | iobj | high | Dative of affected person with the passive verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 12 ἔδει | cc | high | Continuative coordinator. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 5 Κασσάνδρου | case | high | Temporal preposition with genitive Κασσάνδρου. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G- | _ | 10 ἀνῳκίσθη | discourse | high | Correlative particle, answered loosely by δέ. |
| 5 | Κασσάνδρου | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνῳκίσθη | obl | high | Genitive in a temporal ἐπί-phrase. |
| 6 | πᾶς | πᾶς | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 περίβολος | det | high | Adjectival determiner modifying περίβολος. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 περίβολος | det | high | Article with περίβολος. |
| 8 | ἀρχαῖος | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 περίβολος | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of περίβολος. |
| 9 | περίβολος | περίβολος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνῳκίσθη | nsubj:pass | high | Passive-clause subject. |
| 10 | ἀνῳκίσθη | ἀνοικίζω | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist passive: the old circuit wall was rebuilt/reinhabited. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀνῳκίσθη | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἔδει | δεῖ | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 10 ἀνῳκίσθη | conj | high | Impersonal necessity verb coordinating the second clause. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 12 ἔδει | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 14 | ἄρα | ἄρα | PART | G- | _ | 12 ἔδει | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G- | _ | 20 γεύσασθαι | advmod | medium | Scalar adverbial καί, ‘also/even’, modifying the infinitival predication. |
| 16 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D- | _ | 12 ἔδει | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, ‘later’. |
| 17 | κακῶν | κακός | ADJ | A-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 γεύσασθαι | obj | high | Substantival genitive object of γεύσασθαι, with μεγάλων. |
| 18 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | RP-AP3P | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 20 γεύσασθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the complementary infinitive. |
| 19 | μεγάλων | μέγας | ADJ | A-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 κακῶν | amod | high | Modifier of substantival κακῶν. |
| 20 | γεύσασθαι | γεύομαι | VERB | V-AMP-N | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 12 ἔδει | xcomp | high | Complementary aorist middle infinitive of ἔδει; γεύομαι governs the genitive. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἔδει | punct | high |
Μιθριδάτῃ γὰρ καταστάντι ἐς τὸν πρὸς Ῥωμαίους πόλεμον προσεχώρησαν Θηβαῖοι κατʼ ἄλλο ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν οὐδέν, τοῦ δὲ Ἀθηναίων δήμου φιλίᾳ.
Μιθριδάτῃ and καταστάντι form a dative circumstantial participial phrase, with καταστάντι agreeing with the understood Mithridates; πόλεμον is the object of προσεχώρησαν in the sense ‘joined/entered the war’. The final dative phrase φιλίᾳ τοῦ δήμου is coordinated after δέ and expresses the motive or cause of the Thebans’ support. κατʼ ἄλλο ... οὐδέν is an idiom meaning ‘for no other reason, as I think’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μιθριδάτῃ | Μιθριδάτης | PROPN | Neosd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 καταστάντι | obl | high | Dative with the circumstantial participle καταστάντι. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 προσεχώρησαν | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | καταστάντι | καθίστημι | VERB | VAAPSDM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 προσεχώρησαν | advcl | medium | Aorist active participle, dative absolute-like/circumstantial construction agreeing with Μιθριδάτῃ; sense ‘when he had entered/undertaken’. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 πόλεμον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S----AMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 πόλεμον | det | high | Article modifying πόλεμον. |
| 6 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Ῥωμαίους | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 7 | Ῥωμαίους | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | Neapma | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 πρὸς | obl | high | Object of πρὸς in the phrase ‘against the Romans’. |
| 8 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N----AMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 προσεχώρησαν | obl | high | Object/complement of ἐς after προσεχώρησαν. |
| 9 | προσεχώρησαν | προσχωρέω | VERB | VAIA3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb, ‘the Thebans joined/entered’. |
| 10 | Θηβαῖοι | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | N????MPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 προσεχώρησαν | nsubj | high | Subject of προσεχώρησαν. |
| 11 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 ἄλλο | case | high | Elided preposition governing ἄλλο. |
| 12 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 οὐδέν | obl | high | Substantival neuter accusative in the idiom κατʼ ἄλλο ... οὐδέν, ‘for any other reason’. |
| 13 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | Pp1sod-- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 14 δοκεῖν | iobj | medium | Dative of opinion with δοκεῖν, ‘as seems to me’. |
| 14 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | VNPAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 οὐδέν | acl | medium | Infinitive in the parenthetical expression ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν; syntactic attachment is idiomatic and uncertain. |
| 15 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | P----NNA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 9 προσεχώρησαν | obl | medium | Substantival neuter accusative, completing ‘no other [reason]’; morphologically could be analyzed as οὐδέν. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 προσεχώρησαν | punct | high | |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 δήμου | det | high | Article modifying δήμου. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 φιλίᾳ | cc | high | Postpositive connective, coordinating the following motive phrase. |
| 19 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 δήμου | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δήμου, ‘of the Athenians’. |
| 20 | δήμου | δῆμος | NOUN | N--GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 φιλίᾳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on φιλίᾳ, ‘friendship of the Athenian people’. |
| 21 | φιλίᾳ | φιλία | NOUN | N--DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 προσεχώρησαν | obl | high | Dative of cause or motive, coordinated in sense with the preceding reason phrase. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 προσεχώρησαν | punct | high |
Σύλλα δὲ ἐσβαλόντος ἐς τὴν Βοιωτίαν δεῖμα ἔσχε τοὺς Θηβαίους, καὶ ἐγνωσιμάχησάν τε αὐτίκα καὶ ἐτράποντο αὖθις ἐς τὴν Ῥωμαίων φιλίαν.
Genitive absolute Σύλλα ἐσβαλόντος introduces the circumstance; δεῖμα is the subject of ἔσχε, with τοὺς Θηβαίους as its object. The coordinated verbs ἐγνωσιμάχησαν and ἐτράποντο have understood subject the Thebans.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Σύλλα | Σύλλας | PROPN | Ne-sg? | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐσβαλόντος | nsubj | medium | Genitive masculine singular proper name in the genitive absolute; form is syncretic/irregular. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 8 ἔσχε | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐσβαλόντος | ἐσβάλλω | VERB | V-2AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἔσχε | advcl | high | Aorist active participle in a genitive absolute. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 6 Βοιωτίαν | case | high | |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Βοιωτίαν | det | high | |
| 6 | Βοιωτίαν | Βοιωτία | PROPN | Ne-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐσβαλόντος | obl | high | |
| 7 | δεῖμα | δεῖμα | NOUN | N----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἔσχε | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | ἔσχε | ἔχω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S---AMP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Θηβαίους | det | high | |
| 10 | Θηβαίους | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | Ne-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔσχε | obj | high | Substantivized ethnic name. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔσχε | punct | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 13 ἐγνωσιμάχησάν | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἐγνωσιμάχησάν | γνωσιμαχέω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 ἔσχε | conj | medium | Coordinated finite verb; subject is understood Θηβαίους. |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 13 ἐγνωσιμάχησάν | cc | high | |
| 15 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 ἐγνωσιμάχησάν | advmod | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 17 ἐτράποντο | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἐτράποντο | τρέπω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 13 ἐγνωσιμάχησάν | conj | high | Aorist passive form with middle/intransitive sense ‘turned’; subject is understood Θηβαίους. |
| 18 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 17 ἐτράποντο | advmod | high | |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 22 φιλίαν | case | high | |
| 20 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 φιλίαν | det | high | |
| 21 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | Ne-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 φιλίαν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on φιλίαν. |
| 22 | φιλίαν | φιλία | NOUN | N---AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐτράποντο | obl | high | Object of εἰς expressing the relationship entered into. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔσχε | punct | high |