Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags
| Passage | Sentence | Bucket | Confidence | Greek | English | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.17.1 | 1 | other | high | ἔστι δὲ Αἴγιλα τῆς Λακωνικῆς, ἔνθα ἱερὸν ἵδρυται ἅγιον Δήμητρος. | Aigila is a place in Laconia, where there stands a sanctuary sacred to Demeter. | A geographic identification of a place in Laconia and a sanctuary description, not a mythic or historical event. |
| 4.17.1 | 2 | mythic | high | ἐνταῦθα ἐπιστάμενος ὁ Ἀριστομένης καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὰς γυναῖκας ἀγούσας ἑορτὴν ἀμύνεσθαι τῶν γυναικῶν οὐκ ἄνευ τῆς θεοῦ προαχθεισῶν. | Here Aristomenes and his men, knowing that women were celebrating a festival and intending to defend themselves, met resistance from the women, who must have been inspired by the goddess herself. | The women’s resistance is attributed to the goddess’s inspiration, placing the sentence in a mythic framework. |
| 4.17.1 | 3 | historical | high | λαμβάνουσιν οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν Μεσσηνίων τραύματα μαχαίραις τε, αἷς τὰ ἱερεῖα αἱ γυναῖκες ἔθυον, καὶ ὀβελοῖς, οἷς τὰ κρέα ἔπειρον ὀπτῶσαι· | Many of the Messenians received wounds from the knives with which the women were sacrificing the animals, and also from the spits used for roasting and skewering meat. | Describes the wounding of Messenians in a historical conflict, not a mythic event. |
| 4.17.1 | 4 | historical | medium | τὸν δὲ Ἀριστομένην τύπτουσαι ταῖς δᾳσὶ ζῶντα αἱροῦσιν. | Aristomenes himself, struck with torches, was captured alive. | Aristomenes is a semi-legendary historical figure of the Messenian wars, but this sentence reports a concrete capture episode rather than a cosmic myth; in Pausanias, such local heroic-historical narrative is best treated as historical. |
| 4.17.1 | 5 | historical | medium | ἀπεσώθη δὲ ὅμως τῆς αὐτῆς ἐκείνης νυκτὸς ἐς τὴν Μεσσηνίαν. | Even so, he managed to escape back to Messenia that very night. | An escape back to Messenia during a narrated conflict is a post-mythic historical event. |
| 4.17.1 | 6 | historical | medium | ἀφεῖναι δὲ αὐτὸν ἱέρεια τῆς Δήμητρος αἰτίαν ἔσχεν Ἀρχιδάμεια· ἀφῆκε δὲ οὐκ ἐπὶ χρήμασιν, ἀλλὰ ἐρῶσα ἔτυχεν αὐτοῦ πρότερον ἔτι, | The priestess of Demeter, Archidameia, was the reason he was released; she freed him not for money, but because she had previously been in love with him. | A named priestess influencing a release is an episode of later local history, not mythic narrative. |
| 4.17.1 | 7 | mythic | high | προὐφασίζετο δὲ ὡς Ἀριστομένης διακούσας τὰ δεσμὰ ἀποδρὰς οἴχοιτο. | Nevertheless, she claimed that Aristomenes had loosened his bonds and fled after overhearing a conversation. | Aristomenes is a legendary Spartan/Messenian hero, so the sentence concerns a mythic figure and his escape. |
| 4.17.2 | 1 | historical | high | τρίτῳ δὲ ἔτει τοῦ πολέμου μελλούσης γίνεσθαι συμβολῆς ἐπὶ τῇ καλουμένῃ Μεγάλῃ τάφρῳ καὶ Μεσσηνίοις Ἀρκάδων βεβοηθηκότων ἀπὸ πασῶν τῶν πόλεων, Ἀριστοκράτην τὸν Ἱκέτα Τραπεζούντιον, βασιλέα τῶν Ἀρκάδων καὶ στρατηγὸν ὄντα ἐν τῷ τότε, διαφθείρουσιν οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι χρήμασι. | In the third year of the war, when battle was about to occur at the place called the Great Trench, the Arcadians from all their cities had come to help the Messenians, and Aristocrates son of Hicetas of Trapezus, who was king of the Arcadians and at this time their general, was bribed with money by the Lacedaemonians, who thus corrupted him. | Describes a dated event in the war and political bribery involving Lacedaemonians and Arcadian leadership, i.e. post-500 BC historical narrative. |
| 4.17.2 | 2 | historical | high | πρῶτοι γὰρ ὧν ἴσμεν Λακεδαιμόνιοι πολεμίῳ ἀνδρὶ δῶρα ἔδοσαν, καὶ ὤνιον πρῶτοι κατεστήσαντο εἶναι τὸ κράτος τὸ ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις· | The Lacedaemonians were, as far as we know, the first to give gifts to a hostile leader, and they were the first to establish the practice of purchasing victory in war. | Describes an early historical Spartan military practice, not a mythic event. |
| 4.17.3 | 1 | historical | medium | πρὶν δὲ ἢ παρανομῆσαι Λακεδαιμονίους ἐς τὸν Μεσσηνίων πόλεμον καὶ Ἀριστοκράτους τοῦ Ἀρκάδος τὴν προδοσίαν, ἀρετῇ τε οἱ μαχόμενοι καὶ τύχαις ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ διεκρίνοντο. | But until the Lacedaemonians committed unlawful deeds in the Messenian war, and before the treachery of Aristocrates the Arcadian, those engaged in the fighting were distinguished both by valor and by fortunes sent from the god. | Refers to the Messenian war and Aristocrates' betrayal, which are historical/archaic events rather than mythic narrative. |
| 4.17.3 | 2 | historical | high | φαίνονται δὲ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ ὕστερον, ἡνίκα ἐπὶ Αἰγὸς ποταμοῖς ταῖς Ἀθηναίων ναυσὶν ἀνθώρμουν, ἄλλους τε τῶν στρατηγούντων Ἀθηναίοις καὶ Ἀδείμαντον ἐξωνησάμενοι. | Afterwards, the Lacedaemonians are shown again, at the time when they attacked the ships of the Athenians at Aegospotami, to have bribed others among the Athenian generals, and Adeimantus in particular. | Refers to the historical Peloponnesian War event at Aegospotami and bribery of Athenian generals. |
| 4.17.4 | 1 | mythic | medium | περιῆλθε μέντοι καὶ αὐτοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἀνὰ χρόνον ἡ Νεοπτολέμειος καλουμένη τίσις. | Yet in due time the Lacedaemonians themselves also experienced the so-called "punishment of Neoptolemus." | Refers to the legendary punishment of Neoptolemus and its effect on the Spartans. |
| 4.17.4 | 2 | mythic | high | Νεοπτολέμῳ γὰρ τῷ Ἀχιλλέως, ἀποκτείναντι Πρίαμον ἐπὶ τῇ ἐσχάρᾳ τοῦ Ἑρκείου, συνέπεσε καὶ αὐτὸν ἐν Δελφοῖς πρὸς τῷ βωμῷ τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος ἀποσφαγῆναι· | Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, had slain Priam upon the altar of Zeus Herkeios, and afterwards he himself was likewise slain at Delphi at the altar of Apollo. | Narrates mythic figures from the Trojan cycle and their deaths, with the altar locations serving as mythic narrative context. |
| 4.17.4 | 3 | mythic | high | καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου τὸ παθεῖν ὁποῖόν τις καὶ ἔδρασε Νεοπτολέμειον τίσιν ὀνομάζουσι. | Due to this occurrence, the suffering of one who endures a fate similar to that he has previously inflicted is called the "punishment of Neoptolemus." | Refers to Neoptolemus and a proverbial punishment derived from mythic action and its consequences. |
| 4.17.5 | 1 | historical | high | τοῖς οὖν Λακεδαιμονίοις, ὅτε δὴ μάλιστα ἤνθησαν καὶ Ἀθηναίων τε τὸ ναυτικὸν καθῃρήκεσαν καὶ Ἀγησίλαος κεχείρωτο τὰ πολλὰ ἤδη τῆς Ἀσίας, τότε σφίσι τὴν ἀρχὴν πᾶσαν οὐκ ἐξεγένετο ἀφελέσθαι τὸν Μῆδον, ἀλλὰ σφᾶς ὁ βάρβαρος περιῆλθε τῷ ἐκείνων εὑρήματι, ἐς Κόρινθον καὶ Ἄργος καὶ ἐς Ἀθήνας τε καὶ Θήβας χρήματα ἀποστείλας· | Thus the Lacedaemonians, precisely at the time when they flourished greatly, having subdued the naval power of the Athenians, while Agesilaus had already secured control over most of Asia, could not succeed in entirely overthrowing the empire of the Medes. | Refers to Agesilaus, the Athenian naval defeat, and Persian political events in the historical period. |
| 4.17.5 | 2 | historical | high | ὅ τε ὀνομαζόμενος Κορινθιακὸς πόλεμος ἀπὸ τούτων ἐξήφθη τῶν χρημάτων, ὡς ἀπολείπειν Ἀγησίλαον ἀναγκασθῆναι τὰ ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ. | Instead, the Barbarian outmaneuvered them by employing their own invention against them, dispatching money to Corinth, Argos, Athens, and Thebes. | Refers to the Corinthian War, a post-500 BC historical conflict and its financial cause. |
| 4.17.6 | 1 | historical | medium | Λακεδαιμονίοις μὲν τὸ ἐς Μεσσηνίους σόφισμα ὁ δαίμων ἔμελλεν αὐτοῖς ἀποφανεῖν συμφοράν· | But for the Lacedaemonians, this stratagem against the Messenians the divinity was already preparing to turn into a disaster. | Refers to the Messenians and a stratagem that is tied to later historical conflict, not a mythic event. |
| 4.17.6 | 2 | historical | high | Ἀριστοκράτης δὲ ὡς τὰ χρήματα ἐδέξατο ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος, τὸ μὲν παραυτίκα ἔκρυπτεν ἐς τοὺς Ἀρκάδας οἷα ἐπεβούλευε, μελλόντων δὲ ἐς χεῖρας ἤδη συνέρχεσθαι, τηνικαῦτα ἐξεφόβησεν αὐτοὺς ὡς ἐν δυσχωρίᾳ τέ εἰσιν ἀπειλημμένοι καὶ ἀναχώρησις οὐκ ἔσται αὐτοῖς, ἢν κρατηθῶσιν, τά τε ἱερά σφισιν οὐκ ἔφη γεγονέναι κατὰ γνώμην. | Aristocrates, after receiving money from Sparta, for the moment kept secret from the Arcadians the treachery he planned against them. | A real political/military episode involving Aristocrates and Sparta, not mythic. |
| 4.17.6 | 3 | historical | high | ἐκέλευεν οὖν πάντα τινά, ἐπειδὰν αὐτὸς σημήνῃ, φυγῇ χρῆσθαι. | But when the battle was about to begin, he suddenly alarmed them, saying that they were caught in a difficult position, that retreat would be impossible if they were defeated, and claiming also that the sacrifices had not proved favorable for them. | Describes a battle and tactical command in a historical narrative, not mythic material. |
| 4.17.7 | 1 | historical | high | ὡς δὲ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι συνέμισγον καὶ ἦσαν ἐς τὸ κατʼ αὐτοὺς οἱ Μεσσήνιοι τετραμμένοι, ἐνταῦθα Ἀριστοκράτης ἀρχομένης τῆς μάχης ἀπῆγε τοὺς Ἀρκάδας, | But when the Lacedaemonians joined battle and the Messenians were directing their attention to them, at this moment Aristocrates, as soon as the battle had commenced, withdrew the Arcadians. | Describes a battle action involving Lacedaemonians, Messenians, and Aristocrates, i.e. a historical military event. |
| 4.17.7 | 2 | historical | high | καὶ τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις τό τε ἀριστερὸν καὶ μέσον ἠρήμωτο· οἱ γὰρ Ἀρκάδες σφίσιν εἶχον ἀμφότερα ἅτε ἀπόντων μὲν Ἠλείων τῆς μάχης, ἀπόντων δὲ Ἀργείων καὶ Σικυωνίων. | Thus the left wing and the centre of the Messenians were left isolated; for the Arcadians had occupied both positions, since both the Eleans were absent from the battle, as likewise were the Argives and Sicyonians. | Describes battle formations and troop absence in a historical conflict, not myth. |
| 4.17.7 | 3 | historical | high | προσεξειργάσθη δὲ καὶ ἄλλο τῷ Ἀριστοκράτει· διὰ γὰρ Μεσσηνίων ἐποιεῖτο τὴν φυγήν. | Aristocrates also committed another treachery: he directed his flight straight through the ranks of the Messenians. | Refers to Aristocrates and the Messenians, a historical treachery rather than myth or geography. |
| 4.17.8 | 1 | historical | high | οἱ δὲ πρὸς τὸ ἀνέλπιστον τῶν παρόντων ἐγένοντο ἔκφρονες καὶ ἅμα ὑπὸ τῆς διεξόδου τῆς κατὰ σφᾶς τῶν Ἀρκάδων ἐταράσσοντο, ὥστε αὐτῶν ἐδέησαν οἱ πολλοὶ καὶ ἐπιλαθέσθαι τῶν ἐν χερσίν· | Faced with circumstances they had not expected, they became panic-stricken and, at the same time, were confounded by the Arcadians' withdrawal from their side, so that most of them even forgot the weapons in their hands. | Describes a battle scene and troop behavior, an event in historical narrative rather than myth or mere description. |
| 4.17.8 | 2 | historical | medium | ἀντὶ γὰρ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ἐπιφερομένων ἤδη πρὸς τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ἀφεώρων φεύγοντας, καὶ οἱ μὲν παραμεῖναί σφισιν ἱκέτευον, οἱ δὲ καὶ λοιδορίαις ἐς αὐτοὺς ὡς ἐς ἄνδρας προδότας καὶ οὐ δικαίους ἐχρῶντο. | Instead of charging upon the Lacedaemonians, they found themselves watching as the Arcadians were already fleeing, and some of them begged them to remain, while others hurled insults at them, accusing them of betrayal and injustice. | Describes conflict between Lacedaemonians and Arcadians, an event in historical time rather than myth or landscape description. |
| 4.17.9 | 1 | historical | high | Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ ἥ τε κύκλωσις τῶν Μεσσηνίων μονωθέντων ἐγένετο οὐ χαλεπὴ καὶ νίκην ἑτοιμοτάτην πασῶν καὶ ἀπονώτατα ἀνείλοντο. | When the Messenians became isolated, the encircling of them was no difficult task for the Lacedaemonians, and they gained a victory that was both exceedingly easy and without trouble of any kind. | Describes a battle result involving the Lacedaemonians and Messenians, an исторical military event. |
| 4.17.9 | 2 | historical | high | Ἀριστομένης δὲ καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ συνέμειναν μὲν καὶ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τοὺς μάλιστα ἐγκειμένους ἀνείργειν ἐπειρῶντο, ὀλίγοι δὲ ὄντες οὐ μεγάλα ὠφέλουν. | Aristomenes and those with him maintained their resistance and made an effort to repel the Spartans who pressed them hardest, but as they were few, their actions brought little benefit. | Describes Aristomenes and the Spartan/Messenian fighting, a post-mythic historical conflict narrative. |
| 4.17.9 | 3 | historical | high | τῶν δὲ Μεσσηνίων τοῦ μὲν δήμου τοσοῦτον πλῆθος ἀνηλώθησαν, ὡς τὰ πρῶτα Λακεδαιμονίων δεσπότας ἀντὶ δούλων ἔσεσθαι νομίζοντας τότε μηδὲ ἐς τὴν σωτηρίαν αὐτὴν ἔτι ἔχειν ἐλπίδα· | Of the Messenians, such a great number of common people perished that those who had at first thought they might reverse their fate, becoming masters over the Lacedaemonians instead of slaves, now lost even any hope of survival itself. | Describes the destruction of the Messenians in the Messenian Wars, a historical event after 500 BC? actually archaic/early historical conflict, but still within human historical narrative rather than myth. |
| 4.17.9 | 4 | historical | high | ἀπέθανον δὲ καὶ τῶν πρωτευόντων ἄλλοι τε καὶ Ἀνδροκλῆς καὶ Φίντας καὶ λόγου μάλιστα ἀξίως ἀγωνισάμενος Φάνας, ὃς πρότερον τούτων ἔτι δολίχου νίκην Ὀλυμπίασιν ἦν ἀνῃρημένος. | Among the leaders who died were Androcles and Phintas, and especially Phanas, who fought with exceptional distinction and who had previously gained an Olympic victory in the long race. | Reports deaths in a battle and an Olympic victor; this is post-500 BC historical material. |
| 4.17.10 | 1 | historical | high | Ἀριστομένης δὲ μετὰ τὴν μάχην τοὺς διαπεφευγότας τῶν Μεσσηνίων συνήθροιζε, καὶ Ἀνδανίαν μὲν καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο ἐν μεσογαίᾳ πόλισμα ἔπεισε τὰ πολλὰ ἐκλείπειν, ἐς δὲ τὴν Εἶραν τὸ ὄρος ἀνοικίζεσθαι. | After the battle Aristomenes gathered together the Messenians who had escaped and persuaded most of the inhabitants of Andania and any other towns in the interior country to abandon them, settling instead upon the mountain called Eira. | Refers to Aristomenes and the Messenian War, a semi-historical post-500 BC conflict and its settlement effects. |
| 4.17.10 | 2 | historical | high | συνεληλαμένοις δὲ ἐς τοῦτο τὸ χωρίον προσεκάθηντο οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι πολιορκίᾳ σφᾶς αὐτίκα ἐξαιρήσειν νομίζοντες· | When the Messenians had collected in this place, the Lacedaemonians immediately took up a position against them, thinking they would soon reduce them by siege. | Describes a conflict involving the Lacedaemonians and Messenians, a historical military event. |
| 4.17.10 | 3 | historical | high | ἀντήρκεσαν δὲ ὅμως οἱ Μεσσήνιοι καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἐν τῇ τάφρῳ συμφορὰν ἑνί τε καὶ δέκα ἔτεσιν ἀμυνόμενοι. | Nevertheless, despite the disaster at the trench, the Messenians held out while continually defending themselves for eleven years. | Refers to the Messenians’ resistance during the historical Messenian Wars, a post-500 BC-like historical narrative rather than myth. |
| 4.17.11 | 1 | other | high | τὸν δὲ χρόνον τῆς πολιορκίας γενέσθαι τοσοῦτον δηλοῖ καὶ τάδε ἔπη Ῥιανοῦ πεποιημένα ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους· | That the duration of the siege was indeed long is indicated also by the following verses composed by Rhianus concerning the Lacedaemonians: | Introductory statement about the siege's duration and citation of verses; no mythic or historical event itself. |
| 4.17.11 | 2 | mythic | high | οὔρεος ἀργεννοῖο περὶ πτύχας ἐστρατόωντο χείματά τε ποίας τε δύω καὶ εἴκοσι πάσας· | "Around the folds of the silvery mountain they campaigned for two and twenty seasons, winters and grass-times all together." | Describes a legendary siege around a mountain, with mythic campaigning over twenty-two seasons. |
| 4.17.11 | 3 | other | high | χειμῶνας γὰρ καὶ θέρη κατέλεξε, πόας εἰπὼν τὸν χλωρὸν σῖτον ἢ ὀλίγον πρὸ ἀμητοῦ. | For he counted winters and summers, calling "grass-times" the green corn or the crop slightly before harvest. | Seasonal and agricultural description of timekeeping, not a mythic or historical event. |