Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags
| Passage | Sentence | Bucket | Confidence | Greek | English | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.23.1 | 1 | historical | high | τῶν δὲ Μεσσηνίων ὁπόσοι περὶ τὴν Εἶραν ἢ καὶ ἑτέρωθί που τῆς Μεσσηνίας ἐγκατελήφθησαν, τούτους μὲν οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι προσένειμαν ἐς τὸ εἱλωτικόν· | As for the Messenians who were left behind around Eira or elsewhere in Messenia, the Lacedaemonians assigned them to helot status. | Describes a post-heroic Spartan administrative measure affecting Messenians after conquest. |
| 4.23.1 | 2 | historical | high | Πύλιοι δὲ καὶ Μοθωναῖοι καὶ ὅσοι τὰ παραθαλάσσια ᾤκουν, καὶ ναυσὶν ὑπὸ τὴν ἅλωσιν τῆς Εἴρας ἀπαίρουσιν ἐς Κυλλήνην τὸ ἐπίνειον τὸ Ἠλείων. | The Pylians, Mothonaeans, and all who lived along the coast, sailed away by ship at the time of Eira’s capture to Cyllene, the port of the Eleans. | Describes people fleeing during the capture of Eira, a historical event and its movement on the landscape. |
| 4.23.1 | 3 | historical | high | ἐκεῖθεν δὲ παρὰ τοὺς ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ Μεσσηνίους ἀπέστελλον, ἐθέλοντες κοινῷ στόλῳ χώραν ἔνθα οἰκήσουσιν ἀναζητεῖν, καὶ Ἀριστομένην ἐκέλευον ἡγεῖσθαί σφισιν ἐς ἀποικίαν. | From there they sent messengers to the Messenians in Arcadia, wishing to organize a joint expedition to seek a land in which they could settle; and they urged Aristomenes to lead them to found a colony. | Refers to the Messenians' postwar efforts to found a colony, a historical event/action rather than myth or geography. |
| 4.23.2 | 1 | historical | high | ὁ δὲ αὐτὸς μὲν ἕως ἂν περιῇ, πολεμήσειν Λακεδαιμονίοις ἔφασκεν, ἐπίστασθαι δὲ ἀκριβῶς ὡς ἀεί τι ἀναφύσεται τῇ Σπάρτῃ διʼ αὐτοῦ κακόν· | He himself declared that he would wage war against the Lacedaemonians as long as he lived, and that he knew precisely that Sparta would always experience some calamity arising through him. | Refers to a named person's statement about ongoing war with Sparta, a post-mythic historical conflict. |
| 4.23.2 | 2 | historical | low | ἐκείνοις δὲ Γόργον καὶ Μάντικλον ἔδωκεν ἡγεμόνας. | To the others he gave Gorgus and Mantiklos as leaders. | Named leaders in a reported expeditional context; not mythic and not merely descriptive. |
| 4.23.2 | 3 | historical | high | ὁ δὲ Εὐεργετίδας ἐς μὲν τὸ Λύκαιον σὺν τοῖς ἄλλοις Μεσσηνίοις καὶ αὐτὸς ἀπεχώρησεν· ἐκεῖθεν δέ, ὡς ἑώρα τὸ βούλευμα διαπεπτωκὸς τῷ Ἀριστομένει τὸ ἐς τὴν κατάληψιν τῆς Σπάρτης, ἀναπείσας τῶν Μεσσηνίων ὡς πεντήκοντα ἐπάνεισιν ἐπὶ τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἐς τὴν Εἶραν, καὶ ἐντυχὼν διαρπάζουσιν ἔτι τὰ ἐπινίκια | Evergetidas withdrew along with the other Messenians to Mount Lycaeus; from there, seeing that Aristomenes' plan to capture Sparta had failed, he persuaded around fifty of the Messenians to return with him against the Lacedaemonians at Eira, and encountering them still celebrating their victory, they plundered them. | Accounts a concrete episode of the Messenian Wars involving Aristomenes and the Lacedaemonians, i.e. a post-500 BC historical narrative in Pausanias' sense. |
| 4.23.3 | 1 | other | high | πένθος σφίσιν ἐποίησε. | This caused them grief. | General statement of grief with no specific mythic or historical event. |
| 4.23.3 | 2 | historical | high | καὶ τὸν μὲν ἐνταῦθα ἐπιλαμβάνει τὸ χρεών, Ἀριστομένης δὲ ὡς τοὺς ἡγεμόνας τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις ἐπέταξεν ἰέναι ἐς Κυλλήνην, ὅστις ἐθέλοι μετέχειν τῆς ἀποικίας. | At this point fate overtook Euphaes, but Aristomenes directed the Messenian leaders to proceed to Cyllene, instructing all who wished to participate in the colony to depart. | Refers to Aristomenes directing the Messenians to found a colony, an event within the historical narrative rather than myth. |
| 4.23.3 | 3 | other | high | καὶ μετέσχον ἅπαντες, πλὴν εἰ γῆράς τινα ἀπεῖργεν ἢ μηδὲ εὐπορῶν ἔτυχεν ἐς τὴν ἀποδημίαν· | Indeed, all joined except those hindered either by old age or who lacked adequate means for the journey. | Describes participation and practical travel limitations, not mythic or historical events. |
| 4.23.3 | 4 | other | high | οὗτοι δὲ αὐτοῦ κατέμειναν παρὰ τοῖς Ἀρκάσιν. | These remained behind, staying among the Arcadians. | Simple geographic/locational statement about remaining among the Arcadians, with no mythic or historical event. |
| 4.23.4 | 1 | historical | high | ἑάλω δὲ ἡ Εἶρα καὶ ὁ πόλεμος ὁ δεύτερος Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ Μεσσηνίων τέλος ἔσχεν Ἀθηναίοις ἄρχοντος Αὐτοσθένους, ἔτει πρώτῳ τῆς ὀγδόης τε καὶ εἰκοστῆς Ὀλυμπιάδος, ἣν ἐνίκα Χίονις Λάκων. | Eira was taken, and the second war between the Lacedaemonians and the Messenians came to an end in the year when Autosthenes was archon at Athens, in the first year of the twenty-eighth Olympiad, in which Chionis the Spartan was victor. | Dates the end of the Second Messenian War with Athenian and Olympiad chronology, a post-500 BC historical reference. |
| 4.23.5 | 1 | historical | high | ὡς δὲ ἐς τὴν Κυλλήνην οἱ Μεσσήνιοι συνελέχθησαν, τὸν μὲν παρόντα χειμῶνα ἔδοξεν αὐτοῦ χειμάζειν, καὶ τὴν ἀγοράν σφισι καὶ χρήματα οἱ Ἠλεῖοι παρεῖχον· | When the Messenians had gathered at Cyllene, it was resolved to winter there for that season. | Refers to the Messenians' gathering and wintering, a post-mythic historical event. |
| 4.23.5 | 2 | other | high | ἅμα δὲ τῷ ἦρι ἐβουλεύοντο ποῖ χρὴ σταλῆναι. | The Eleans provided them with a market and supplies. | A seasonal timing/decision note with no mythic or historical event; the English gloss is descriptive of provision of market and supplies. |
| 4.23.5 | 3 | historical | medium | γνῶμαι δὲ ἦσαν Γόργου μὲν Ζάκυνθον τὴν ὑπὲρ Κεφαλληνίας καταλαβόντας καὶ νησιώτας ἀντὶ ἠπειρωτῶν γενομένους ναυσὶν ἐς τὰ παραθαλάσσια τῆς Λακωνικῆς ἐπιπλέοντας κακοῦν τὴν γῆν· | At the coming of spring they debated where to migrate. | Describes a debated migration and raiding of the Lakonian coast, an event context after the mythic age rather than a geographical description. |
| 4.23.5 | 4 | historical | high | Μάντικλος δὲ ἐκέλευε Μεσσήνης μὲν καὶ τοῦ Λακεδαιμονίων ἔχθους λαβεῖν λήθην, πλεύσαντας δὲ ἐς Σαρδὼ κτήσασθαι μεγίστην τε νῆσον καὶ εὐδαιμονίᾳ πρώτην. | Gorgus proposed that they occupy Zacynthus, the island lying near Cephallenia, and become islanders instead of mainlanders, using ships to launch attacks upon the Lacedaemonian coastal territory and harass the land. | A practical strategic proposal about colonization and warfare, not mythic. |
| 4.23.6 | 1 | historical | high | ἐν τοσούτῳ δὲ Ἀναξίλας παρὰ τοὺς Μεσσηνίους ἀπέστελλεν ἐς Ἰταλίαν καλῶν. | Meanwhile, Anaxilas sent messages to the Messenians, inviting them to Italy. | Anaxilas is a historical ruler, and the sentence describes a historical action of sending invitations to the Messenians. |
| 4.23.6 | 2 | historical | high | ὁ δὲ Ἀναξίλας ἐτυράννει μὲν Ῥηγίου, τέταρτος δὲ ἀπόγονος ἦν Ἀλκιδαμίδου· | This Anaxilas was tyrant of Rhegium and a fourth-generation descendant of Alcidamidas. | Refers to Anaxilas as a tyrant of Rhegium and gives his genealogy, a historical/personage note. |
| 4.23.6 | 3 | historical | high | μετῴκησε δὲ Ἀλκιδαμίδας ἐκ Μεσσήνης ἐς Ῥήγιον μετὰ τὴν Ἀριστοδήμου τοῦ βασιλέως τελευτὴν καὶ Ἰθώμης τὴν ἅλωσιν. | Now, Alcidamidas had migrated from Messene to Rhegium following the death of King Aristodemus and the capture of Ithome. | Refers to a migration after the death of King Aristodemus and the capture of Ithome, a historical event and its consequence. |
| 4.23.6 | 4 | historical | high | οὗτος οὖν ὁ Ἀναξίλας τοὺς Μεσσηνίους μετεπέμπετο· ἐλθοῦσί τε ἔλεγεν ὡς Ζαγκλαῖοι διάφοροι μέν εἰσιν αὐτῷ, χώραν δὲ εὐδαίμονα καὶ πόλιν ἐν καλῷ τῆς Σικελίας ἔχουσιν, ἃ δὴ σφίσιν ἐθέλειν ἔφη συγκατεργασάμενος δοῦναι. | Thus Anaxilas now called the Messenians to himself, and after their arrival he told them that although the Zanclaeans were hostile to him, they possessed a fertile region and a city excellently situated in Sicily, all of which he desired to hand over to them if together they could seize it. | Anaxilas and the Messenians are part of a historical colonial/political episode, not mythic narrative. |
| 4.23.6 | 5 | historical | high | προσεμένων δὲ τὸν λόγον, οὕτως Ἀναξίλας διεβίβασεν ἐς Σικελίαν αὐτούς. | Persuaded by his proposal, the Messenians were thus ferried across to Sicily by Anaxilas. | Refers to Anaxilas and the Messenians being transported to Sicily, a post-archaic historical movement rather than myth. |
| 4.23.7 | 1 | historical | medium | Ζάγκλην δὲ τὸ μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς κατέλαβον λῃσταί, καὶ ἐν ἐρήμῳ τῇ γῇ τειχίσαντες ὅσον περὶ τὸν λιμένα ὁρμητηρίῳ πρὸς τὰς καταδρομὰς καὶ ἐς τοὺς ἐπίπλους ἐχρῶντο· | Originally, Zancle was seized by pirates, who fortified the empty land around the harbor just enough to serve as a base of operations for their raids and maritime attacks. | Accounts of pirates seizing and fortifying Zancle is a post-mythic settlement/history notice about the city’s early occupation. |
| 4.23.7 | 2 | historical | low | ἡγεμόνες δὲ ἦσαν αὐτῶν Κραταιμένης Σάμιος καὶ Περιήρης ἐκ Χαλκίδος. | Their leaders were Crataemenes of Samos and Perieres from Chalcis. | Names leaders of a force in a narrative event; this is post-500 BC historical material rather than mythic or descriptive. |
| 4.23.7 | 3 | historical | high | Περιήρει δὲ ὕστερον καὶ Κραταιμένει καὶ ἄλλους ἐπαγαγέσθαι τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἔδοξεν οἰκήτορας. | Later, Perieres, along with Crataemenes, decided to bring in additional Greek colonists as settlers. | Refers to a later colonial settlement decision by named individuals, an event after the mythic era. |
| 4.23.8 | 1 | historical | high | τότε δὲ τοὺς Ζαγκλαίους ὅ τε Ἀναξίλας ναυσὶν ἀνταναγομένους ἐνίκησε καὶ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι μάχῃ πεζῇ· | Then Anaxilas defeated the Zanclaeans in a naval engagement, while simultaneously the Messenians defeated them in a pitched land battle. | Describes a concrete battle involving Anaxilas and the Messenians, a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 4.23.8 | 2 | historical | high | Ζαγκλαῖοι δὲ κατὰ γῆν τε ὑπὸ Μεσσηνίων καὶ ναυσὶν ἅμα ἐκ θαλάσσης ὑπὸ Ῥηγίνων πολιορκούμενοι, καὶ ἁλισκομένου σφίσιν ἤδη τοῦ τείχους, ἐπί τε βωμοὺς θεῶν καὶ πρὸς τὰ ἱερὰ καταφεύγουσιν. | Besieged thus on land by the Messenians and at sea simultaneously by the Rhegians, the Zanclaeans, with their walls already falling into enemy hands, fled for refuge to the altars of the gods and into the sacred precincts. | Describes a historical siege of Zancle by Messenians and Rhegians, not a mythic event. |
| 4.23.8 | 3 | historical | high | Ἀναξίλας μὲν οὖν τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις παρεκελεύετο τούς τε ἱκετεύοντας Ζαγκλαίων ἀποκτείνειν καὶ τοὺς λοιποὺς γυναιξὶν ὁμοῦ καὶ παισὶν ἀνδραποδίσασθαι· | Anaxilas strongly urged the Messenians to kill the Zanclaeans who were supplicating and to enslave the rest along with their women and children. | Anaxilas is a historical figure, and the sentence describes a historical action in the founding/attack on Zanclaeans. |
| 4.23.9 | 1 | historical | high | Γόργος δὲ καὶ Μάντικλος παρῃτοῦντο Ἀναξίλαν μὴ σφᾶς, ὑπὸ συγγενῶν ἀνδρῶν πεπονθότας ἀνόσια, ὅμοια αὐτοὺς ἐς ἀνθρώπους Ἕλληνας ἀναγκάσαι δρᾶσαι. | But Gorgus and Mantiklos pleaded with Anaxilas, urging that he should not force them, who had suffered impious wrongs at the hands of their own kinsmen, to commit similar actions against fellow Greeks. | Refers to a political/military dispute involving named individuals and Greeks, not mythic material. |
| 4.23.9 | 2 | historical | high | μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο ἤδη τοὺς Ζαγκλαίους ἀνίστασαν ἀπὸ τῶν βωμῶν καὶ ὅρκους δόντες καὶ αὐτοὶ παρʼ ἐκείνων λαβόντες ᾤκησαν ἀμφότεροι κοινῇ· ὄνομα δὲ τῇ πόλει μετέθεσαν Μεσσήνην ἀντὶ Ζάγκλης καλεῖσθαι. | After this, they subsequently removed the people of Zancle from the altars, and after giving and receiving oaths from one another, they settled down together jointly; and they changed the name of the city, calling it Messene instead of Zancle. | Refers to the settlement and renaming of Zancle to Messene by historical colonists, an event after 500 BC. |
| 4.23.10 | 1 | historical | high | ταῦτα δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς Ὀλυμπιάδος ἐπράχθη τῆς ἐνάτης καὶ εἰκοστῆς, ἣν Χίονις Λάκων τὸ δεύτερον ἐνίκα, Μιλτιάδου παρʼ Ἀθηναίοις ἄρχοντος. | These events took place during the twenty-ninth Olympiad, in which Chionis the Spartan won his second victory, and Miltiades was archon in Athens. | Dated by Olympiad and archon year; this is chronological historical placement, not mythic. |
| 4.23.10 | 2 | historical | high | Μάντικλος δὲ καὶ τὸ ἱερὸν Μεσσηνίοις τοῦ Ἡρακλέους ἐποίησε, καὶ ἔστιν ἐκτὸς τείχους ὁ θεὸς ἱδρυμένος, Ἡρακλῆς καλούμενος Μάντικλος, καθάπερ γε καὶ Ἄμμων ἐν Λιβύῃ καὶ ὁ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι Βῆλος ὁ μὲν ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς Αἰγυπτίου Βήλου τοῦ Λιβύης ὄνομα ἔσχεν, Ἄμμων δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱδρυσαμένου ποιμένος. | Mantiklos also built the sanctuary of Heracles for the Messenians; the god stands outside the city wall, and is known as Heracles Mantiklos, just as among the Libyans Ammon takes his name from the shepherd who dedicated him, and the Babylonian Bel derives his name from the Egyptian man Belus, son of Libya. | Mentions a named dedicant and sanctuary foundation in a historical/antiquarian context, with comparative naming examples rather than mythic narrative. |
| 4.23.10 | 3 | historical | high | Μεσσηνίοις μὲν οὖν τοῖς φεύγουσιν ἐγεγόνει πέρας τῆς ἄλης· | Thus the wanderings of the exiled Messenians came to an end. | Refers to the end of the exiled Messenians' wanderings, a historical event affecting their movement and settlement. |