Pausanias Analysis

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Chapter 5.11

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
5.11.1 1 other high καθέζεται μὲν δὴ ὁ θεὸς ἐν θρόνῳ χρυσοῦ πεποιημένος καὶ ἐλέφαντος· στέφανος δὲ ἐπίκειταί οἱ τῇ κεφαλῇ μεμιμημένος ἐλαίας κλῶνας. The god sits on a throne fashioned of gold and ivory; upon his head is placed a crown imitating branches of olive. Describes the cult statue's appearance and furnishings, a descriptive/artistic detail rather than a mythic event or historical event.
5.11.1 2 other high ἐν μὲν δὴ τῇ δεξιᾷ φέρει Νίκην ἐξ ἐλέφαντος καὶ ταύτην καὶ χρυσοῦ, ταινίαν τε ἔχουσαν καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ στέφανον· In his right hand he carries a Victory, this too made of ivory and gold, holding a ribbon and having a crown upon her head. Describes the statue's iconography and materials, a descriptive/art historical detail rather than a mythic or historical event.
5.11.1 3 other high τῇ δὲ ἀριστερᾷ τοῦ θεοῦ χειρὶ ἔνεστι σκῆπτρον μετάλλοις τοῖς πᾶσιν ἠνθισμένον, ὁ δὲ ὄρνις ὁ ἐπὶ τῷ σκήπτρῳ καθήμενός ἐστιν ὁ ἀετός. In the left hand of the god he holds a sceptre adorned with all manner of metals, and an eagle stands upon this sceptre. Describes a cult statue’s features and iconography, not a mythic or historical event.
5.11.1 4 other high χρυσοῦ δὲ καὶ τὰ ὑποδήματα τῷ θεῷ καὶ ἱμάτιον ὡσαύτως ἐστί· τῷ δὲ ἱματίῳ ζῴδιά τε καὶ τῶν ἀνθῶν τὰ κρίνα ἐστὶν ἐμπεποιημένα. The sandals of the god, as well as his robe, are also of gold; and woven into the robe are figures of animals and lilies among other flowers. Purely descriptive detail about the god's sandals and robe; no event or historical claim.
5.11.2 1 other high ὁ δὲ θρόνος ποικίλος μὲν χρυσῷ καὶ λίθοις, ποικίλος δὲ καὶ ἐβένῳ τε καὶ ἐλέφαντί ἐστι· The throne is decorated with gold and precious stones, and also ornamented with ebony and ivory. Describes the throne’s materials and ornamentation, a purely descriptive/artifactual detail.
5.11.2 2 other high καὶ ζῷά τε ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ γραφῇ μεμιμημένα καὶ ἀγάλματά ἐστιν εἰργασμένα. Upon it animals are represented in painting and carved figures have been worked in relief. Purely descriptive statement about painted and carved decoration; no mythic or historical event.
5.11.2 3 other high Νῖκαι μὲν δὴ τέσσαρες χορευουσῶν παρεχόμεναι σχῆμα κατὰ ἕκαστον τοῦ θρόνου τὸν πόδα, δύο δέ εἰσιν ἄλλαι πρὸς ἑκάστου πέζῃ ποδός. Four Victories in dancing postures form supports beneath each foot of the throne, while two additional Victories stand beside each foot. Describes the throne’s decorative figures and arrangement, not a mythic or historical event.
5.11.2 4 mythic high τῶν ποδῶν δὲ ἑκατέρῳ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν παῖδές τε ἐπίκεινται Θηβαίων ὑπὸ σφιγγῶν ἡρπασμένοι καὶ ὑπὸ τὰς σφίγγας Νιόβης τοὺς παῖδας Ἀπόλλων κατατοξεύουσι καὶ Ἄρτεμις. On each of the front feet are sculpted Theban youths being seized by sphinxes, and beneath these sphinxes Apollo and Artemis are depicted shooting down the children of Niobe with arrows. Depicts Apollo and Artemis killing Niobe's children, a mythic scene.
5.11.3 1 other high τῶν δὲ ἐκ τοῦ θρόνου μεταξὺ ποδῶν τέσσαρες κανόνες εἰσίν, ἐκ ποδὸς ἐς πόδα ἕτερον διήκων ἕκαστος. Between the feet of the throne there are four cross-bars, each stretching from one foot to another. Purely descriptive furniture detail about the throne's construction.
5.11.3 2 other high τῷ μὲν δὴ κατʼ εὐθὺ τῆς ἐσόδου κανόνι, ἑπτά ἐστιν ἀγάλματα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ, τὸ γὰρ ὄγδοον ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐκ ἴσασι τρόπον ὅντινα ἐγένετο ἀφανές· On the bar directly facing the entrance stand seven figures, for the eighth among them has disappeared in some unknown manner. Describes the placement and condition of statues on a bar at the entrance; purely descriptive and antiquarian.
5.11.3 3 other high εἴη δʼ ἂν ἀγωνισμάτων ἀρχαίων ταῦτα μιμήματα, οὐ γάρ πω τὰ ἐς τοὺς παῖδας ἐπὶ ἡλικίας ἤδη καθειστήκει τῆς Φειδίου. These represent, perhaps, imitations of ancient athletic contests, since contests involving boys had not yet been established at the time of Pheidias. Antiquarian comparison of athletic contests and dating in Pheidias' time; no mythic or historical event.
5.11.3 4 historical high τὸν δὲ αὑτὸν ταινίᾳ τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀναδούμενον ἐοικέναι τὸ εἶδος Παντάρκει λέγουσι, μειράκιον δὲ Ἠλεῖον τὸν Παντάρκη παιδικὰ εἶναι τοῦ Φειδίου· They say that the figure binding its head with a ribbon resembles Pantarkes in appearance; Pantarkes was a youth from Elis beloved by Pheidias. Refers to Pantarkes, a historical youth associated with Pheidias, not a mythic event.
5.11.3 5 historical high ἀνείλετο δὲ καὶ ἐν παισὶν ὁ Παντάρκης πάλης νίκην Ὀλυμπιάδι ἕκτῃ πρὸς ταῖς ὀγδοήκοντα. This Pantarkes also won a victory in wrestling among the boys at the eighty-sixth Olympiad. An Olympic victory at the eighty-sixth Olympiad is a post-500 BC historical athletic event.
5.11.4 1 mythic high ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν κανόνων τοῖς λοιποῖς ὁ λόχος ἐστὶν ὁ σὺν Ἡρακλεῖ μαχόμενος πρὸς Ἀμαζόνας· On the crossbars between the legs is carved the company fighting alongside Heracles against the Amazons. Depicts Heracles fighting the Amazons, a mythic scene carved on the monument.
5.11.4 2 mythic high ἀριθμὸς μὲν δὴ συναμφοτέρων ἐς ἐννέα ἐστὶ καὶ εἴκοσι, τέτακται δὲ καὶ Θησεὺς ἐν τοῖς συμμάχοις τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ. The total number of figures on both sides amounts indeed to twenty-nine, and Theseus too is depicted among the allies of Heracles. Theseus and Heracles are mythic figures, and the sentence describes their depiction in a mythic scene.
5.11.4 3 other high ἀνέχουσι δὲ οὐχ οἱ πόδες μόνοι τὸν θρόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ κίονες ἴσοι τοῖς ποσὶ μεταξὺ ἑστηκότες τῶν ποδῶν. The throne is not supported only by the legs, but between them stand evenly spaced columns equal in length to the legs. Purely descriptive account of the throne’s construction and supports; no mythic or historical event.
5.11.4 4 other high ὑπελθεῖν δὲ οὐχ οἷόν τέ ἐστιν ὑπὸ τὸν θρόνον, ὥσπερ γε καὶ ἐν Ἀμύκλαις ἐς τὰ ἐντὸς τοῦ θρόνου παρερχόμεθα· ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ δὲ ἐρύματα τρόπον τοίχων πεποιημένα τὰ δὲ ἀπείργοντά ἐστι. It is not possible to pass beneath the throne, unlike the throne at Amyclae where one can pass into what lies within it; at Olympia, however, barriers resembling walls block it off. Purely descriptive comparison of shrine architecture at Olympia and Amyclae; no event or mythic/historical narrative.
5.11.5 1 other high τούτων τῶν ἐρυμάτων ὅσον μὲν ἀπαντικρὺ τῶν θυρῶν ἐστιν, ἀλήλιπται κυανῷ μόνον, τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ αὐτῶν παρέχεται Παναίνου γραφάς. Of these walls, the portion directly opposite the doors is merely painted in blue, but the rest display paintings by Panaenos. Describes wall decoration and paintings, a purely descriptive/antiquarian detail.
5.11.5 2 mythic high ἐν δὲ αὐταῖς ἔστι μὲν οὐρανὸν καὶ γῆν Ἄτλας ἀνέχων, παρέστηκε δὲ καὶ Ἡρακλῆς ἐκδέξασθαι τὸ ἄχθος ἐθέλων τοῦ Ἄτλαντος, Among these paintings is Atlas supporting heaven and earth, and beside him stands Heracles willingly accepting the burden from Atlas. Atlas supporting the heavens and Heracles taking over his burden are mythic figures and a mythic episode.
5.11.5 3 mythic high ἔτι δὲ Θησεύς τε καὶ Πειρίθους καὶ Ἑλλάς τε καὶ Σαλαμὶς ἔχουσα ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς ναυσὶν ἄκραις ποιούμενον κόσμον, In addition are depicted Theseus and Peirithous, Hellas, and Salamis, holding in her hand the ornament for the prows of vessels. Theseus, Peirithous, Hellas, and Salamis are mythic/personified figures depicted in an allegorical scene.
5.11.5 4 mythic high Ἡρακλέους τε τῶν ἀγωνισμάτων τὸ ἐς τὸν λέοντα τὸν ἐν Νεμέᾳ καὶ τὸ ἐς Κασσάνδραν παρανόμημα Αἴαντος, Also shown are Heracles' contest with the lion in Nemea, and the sacrilege committed by Ajax against Cassandra. Names Heracles’ Nemean lion labor and Ajax’s offense against Cassandra, both mythic events.
5.11.6 1 mythic high Ἱπποδάμειά τε ἡ Οἰνομάου σὺν τῇ μητρὶ καὶ Προμηθεὺς ἔτι ἐχόμενος μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν δεσμῶν, Ἡρακλῆς δὲ ἐς αὐτὸν ἦρται· Hippodameia, daughter of Oenomaus, with her mother, and Prometheus still bound in chains are represented, and Heracles is depicted approaching him. Depicts mythic figures and scenes: Hippodameia, Oenomaus, Prometheus, and Heracles.
5.11.6 2 mythic high λέγεται γὰρ δὴ καὶ τόδε ἐς τὸν Ἡρακλέα, ὡς ἀποκτείναι μὲν τὸν ἀετὸν ὃς ἐν τῷ Καυκάσῳ τὸν Προμηθέα ἐλύπει, ἐξέλοιτο δὲ καὶ αὐτὸν Προμηθέα ἐκ τῶν δεσμῶν. For indeed it is also said of Heracles that he slew the eagle which tormented Prometheus in the Caucasus, and freed Prometheus himself from his chains. Heracles slaying the eagle and freeing Prometheus are mythological deeds.
5.11.6 3 mythic high τελευταῖα δὲ ἐν τῇ γραφῇ Πενθεσίλειά τε ἀφιεῖσα τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ Ἀχιλλεὺς ἀνέχων ἐστὶν αὐτήν· Lastly, the painting shows Penthesileia breathing her last and Achilles supporting her. Penthesileia and Achilles are mythic figures, and the sentence describes their mythic scene in the painting.
5.11.6 4 mythic high καὶ Ἑσπερίδες δύο φέρουσι τὰ μῆλα ὧν ἐπιτετράφθαι λέγονται τὴν φρουράν. Two of the Hesperides are bearing the apples whose guarding is said to have been entrusted to them. The Hesperides and their apples are mythological figures and objects.
5.11.6 5 historical high Πάναινος μὲν δὴ οὗτος ἀδελφός τε ἦν Φειδίου καὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ Ἀθήνῃσιν ἐν Ποικίλῃ τὸ Μαραθῶνι ἔργον ἐστὶ γεγραμμένον. This painting was by Panaenos, who was the brother of Pheidias, who himself painted the Battle of Marathon in the 'Poikile' (Painted) Colonnade at Athens. Refers to a named painting of the Battle of Marathon and identifies its artist; Marathon is a historical event and the colonnade setting is Athenian historical/artistic context.
5.11.7 1 mythic high ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς ἀνωτάτω τοῦ θρόνου πεποίηκεν ὁ Φειδίας ὑπὲρ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ ἀγάλματος τοῦτο μὲν Χάριτας, τοῦτο δὲ Ὥρας, τρεῖς ἑκατέρας. On the highest parts of the throne, above the head of the statue, Phidias has fashioned on one side the Graces and on the other side the Seasons, three of each. Mentions the Graces and Seasons as divine figures adorning Zeus' throne; this is mythic/iconographic content.
5.11.7 2 mythic high εἶναι γὰρ θυγατέρας Διὸς καὶ ταύτας ἐν ἔπεσίν ἐστιν εἰρημένα· Indeed, in poetry these too are said to be daughters of Zeus. Refers to a poetic claim about divine parentage, i.e. mythic genealogy.
5.11.7 3 other high Ὅμηρος δὲ ἐν Ἰλιάδι ἐποίησε τὰς Ὥρας καὶ ἐπιτετράφθαι τὸν οὐρανὸν καθάπερ τινὰς φύλακας βασιλέως αὐλῆς. Homer, in the Iliad, depicted the Seasons as having charge over heaven, like guardians of a royal court. Literary quotation about Homer’s depiction of the Seasons; descriptive/antiquarian rather than an event.
5.11.7 4 mythic high τὸ ὑπόθημα δὲ τὸ ὑπὸ τοῦ Διὸς τοῖς ποσίν, ὑπὸ τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ καλούμενον θρανίον, λέοντάς τε χρυσοῦς καὶ Θησέως ἐπειργασμένην ἔχει μάχην τὴν πρὸς Ἀμαζόνας, τὸ Ἀθηναίων πρῶτον ἀνδραγάθημα ἐς οὐχ ὁμοφύλους. The footstool beneath the feet of Zeus—called thranion by the Athenians—is decorated with golden lions and shows the battle of Theseus against the Amazons, the Athenians' earliest heroic deed against foreign foes. Depicts Theseus fighting Amazons, a mythic event shown on Zeus's footstool.
5.11.8 1 mythic high ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ βάθρου τοῦ τὸν θρόνον τε ἀνέχοντος καὶ ὅσος ἄλλος κόσμος περὶ τὸν Δία, ἐπὶ τούτου τοῦ βάθρου χρυσᾶ ποιήματα, ἀναβεβηκὼς ἐπὶ ἅρμα Ἤλιος καὶ Ζεύς τέ ἐστι καὶ Ἥρα, ἔτι δὲ Ἥφαιστος, παρὰ δὲ αὐτὸν Χάρις· ταύτης δὲ Ἑρμῆς ἔχεται, τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ δὲ Ἑστία· Upon the base, which supports both the throne and all the other decorative elements around Zeus, are golden scenes worked upon it: there is Helios ascending by chariot, Zeus and Hera, and also Hephaestus, who is accompanied by Charis; next to her stands Hermes, and beside Hermes is Hestia. Describes divine figures and mythic scenes on Zeus' throne base, not a historical event.
5.11.8 2 mythic high μετὰ δὲ τὴν Ἑστίαν Ἔρως ἐστὶν ἐκ θαλάσσης Ἀφροδίτην ἀνιοῦσαν ὑποδεχόμενος, τὴν δὲ Ἀφροδίτην στεφανοῖ Πειθώ· After Hestia is Eros, who is receiving Aphrodite as she rises from the sea; and Peitho crowns Aphrodite. Depicts Aphrodite's mythic emergence from the sea and attendant divine figures Eros and Peitho.
5.11.8 3 mythic high ἐπείργασται δὲ καὶ Ἀπόλλων σὺν Ἀρτέμιδι Ἀθηνᾶ τε καὶ Ἡρακλῆς, Also depicted are Apollo along with Artemis, Athena, and Heracles. Lists divinities and Heracles as depicted figures; this is mythic/iconographic content.
5.11.8 4 mythic high καὶ ἤδη τοῦ βάθρου πρὸς τῷ πέρατι Ἀμφιτρίτη καὶ Ποσειδῶν Σελήνη τε ἵππον ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἐλαύνουσα. At the extremity of the base are Amphitrite and Poseidon, and Selene who is—so it seems to me—driving a horse. Names mythic figures (Amphitrite, Poseidon, Selene) depicted in a sculptural scene.
5.11.8 5 other high τοῖς δέ ἐστιν εἰρημένα ἐφʼ ἡμιόνου τὴν θεὸν ὀχεῖσθαι καὶ οὐχ ἵππου, καὶ λόγον γέ τινα ἐπὶ τῷ ἡμιόνῳ λέγουσιν εὐήθη. Some, however, claim that the goddess rides upon a mule rather than a horse, telling a foolish story in explanation of the mule. Antiquarian report of a local explanation for the goddess's mule; no event is narrated.
5.11.9 1 other high μέτρα δὲ τοῦ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ Διὸς ἐς ὕψος τε καὶ εὖρος ἐπιστάμενος γεγραμμένα οὐκ ἐν ἐπαίνῳ θήσομαι τοὺς μετρήσαντας, ἐπεὶ καὶ τὰ εἰρημένα αὐτοῖς μέτρα πολύ τι ἀποδέοντά ἐστιν ἢ τοῖς ἰδοῦσι παρέστηκεν ἐς τὸ ἄγαλμα δόξα, ὅπου γε καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν θεὸν μάρτυρα ἐς τοῦ Φειδίου τὴν τέχνην γενέσθαι λέγουσιν. Although I am familiar with the recorded measurements of Zeus at Olympia, both in height and breadth, I will not include praise of those who measured it; for even the dimensions they state fall greatly short of the impression conveyed to those who behold the statue. Describes the Olympic Zeus statue and its measurements; this is antiquarian/descriptive rather than mythic or historical narrative.
5.11.9 2 mythic high ὡς γὰρ δὴ ἐκτετελεσμένον ἤδη τὸ ἄγαλμα ἦν, ηὔξατο ὁ Φειδίας ἐπισημῆναι τὸν θεὸν εἰ τὸ ἔργον ἐστὶν αὐτῷ κατὰ γνώμην· αὐτίκα δʼ ἐς τοῦτο τοῦ ἐδάφους κατασκῆψαι κεραυνόν φασιν, ἔνθα ὑδρία καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἐπίθημα ἦν ἡ χαλκῆ. Indeed, it is said that the god himself provided testimony to the art of Pheidias. The sentence reports a divine sign from Zeus (a thunderbolt) attesting to Pheidias’ work, which is a mythic explanation of an event.
5.11.10 1 other high ὅσον δὲ τοῦ ἐδάφους ἐστὶν ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ ἀγάλματος, τοῦτο οὐ λευκῷ, μέλανι δὲ κατεσκεύασται τῷ λίθῳ· The section of ground immediately before the statue is constructed not of white stone, but of black stone. Describes the construction/material of the ground before the statue; purely descriptive and geographical.
5.11.10 2 other high περιθεῖ δὲ ἐν κύκλῳ τὸν μέλανα λίθου Παρίου κρηπίς, ἔρυμα εἶναι τῷ ἐλαίῳ τῷ ἐκχεομένῳ. Around the black stone runs a ledge of Parian marble, serving as a barrier to contain the oil that is poured out. Describes a physical feature of the sanctuary and its function, not a mythic or historical event.
5.11.10 3 other high ἔλαιον γὰρ τῷ ἀγάλματί ἐστιν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ συμφέρον, καὶ ἔλαιόν ἐστι τὸ ἀπεῖργον μὴ γίνεσθαι τῷ ἐλέφαντι βλάβος διὰ τὸ ἑλῶδες τῆς Ἄλτεως. For oil is beneficial for the statue at Olympia, and it is this oil that prevents damage to the ivory on account of the marshy nature of the Altis. Describes the physical condition of the Olympia sanctuary and practical care for the statue, not a mythic or historical event.
5.11.10 4 other high ἐν ἀκροπόλει δὲ τῇ Ἀθηναίων τὴν καλουμένην Παρθένον οὐκ ἔλαιον, ὕδωρ δὲ τὸ ἐς τὸν ἐλέφαντα ὠφελοῦν ἐστιν· In the acropolis of the Athenians, however, for the statue called the Parthenos, it is not oil but water that preserves the ivory. Describes the maintenance of the Athena Parthenos statue on the Acropolis, a descriptive antiquarian detail rather than a mythic or historical event.
5.11.10 5 other high ἅτε γὰρ αὐχμηρᾶς τῆς ἀκροπόλεως οὔσης διὰ τὸ ἄγαν ὑψηλόν, τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐλέφαντος πεποιημένον ὕδωρ καὶ δρόσον τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕδατος ποθεῖ. Because the acropolis, due to its great height, is excessively dry, the statue, made of ivory, requires water and the moisture that comes from the water. Descriptive note about the acropolis's height and the statue's need for moisture; no mythic or historical event.
5.11.11 1 other high ἐν Ἐπιδαύρῳ δὲ ἐρομένου μου καθʼ ἥντινα αἰτίαν οὔτε ὕδωρ τῷ Ἀσκληπιῷ σφισιν οὔτε ἔλαιόν ἐστιν ἐγχεόμενον, ἐδίδασκόν με οἱ περὶ τὸ ἱερὸν ὡς καὶ τὸ ἄγαλμα τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ὁ θρόνος ἐπὶ φρέατι εἴη πεποιημένα. When I was in Epidaurus, asking for what reason neither water nor olive oil was poured as an offering to their Asclepius, the attendants of the sanctuary informed me that both the statue of the god and the throne had been constructed over a well. Describes a sanctuary custom and the physical placement of statue and throne over a well, which is descriptive/antiquarian rather than mythic or historical.