Pausanias Analysis

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Chapter 5.25

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
5.25.1 1 other high τοσαῦτα ἐντὸς τῆς Ἄλτεως ἀγάλματα εἶναι Διὸς ἀνηριθμησάμεθα ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον. We have now enumerated, as accurately as possible, the many statues of Zeus within the Altis. Inventory of statues within the Altis; purely descriptive/antiquarian.
5.25.1 2 historical high τὸ ἀνάθημα γὰρ τὸ πρὸς τῷ μεγάλῳ ναῷ ὑπὸ ἀνδρὸς Κορινθίου τεθέν, Κορινθίων δὲ οὐ τῶν ἀρχαίων ἀλλʼ οἳ παρὰ βασιλέως ἔχουσιν εἰληφότες τὴν πόλιν, τοῦτο τὸ ἀνάθημα Ἀλέξανδρός ἐστιν ὁ Φιλίππου, Διὶ εἰκασμένος δῆθεν. As for the offering placed near the great temple by a Corinthian—though not one of the original Corinthians, but one of those who received the city from the king—this dedication is an image of Alexander, the son of Philip, represented supposedly in the likeness of Zeus. Refers to Alexander the Great and later Corinthian settlers under a king, a post-500 BC historical dedication.
5.25.1 3 other high ὁπόσα δὲ ἀλλοῖα καὶ οὐ μίμησίς ἐστι Διός, ἐπιμνησόμεθα καὶ τούτων· As many other statues as remain, which do not imitate Zeus, we shall also mention these. Purely descriptive statement about remaining statues and the plan to mention them; no mythic or historical event.
5.25.1 4 other high εἰκόνας δὲ οὐ τιμῇ τῇ πρὸς τὸ θεῖον, τῇ δὲ ἐς αὐτοὺς χάριτι ἀνατεθείσας τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, λόγῳ σφᾶς τῷ ἐς τοὺς ἀθλητὰς ἀναμίξομεν. But those likenesses dedicated, not out of reverence toward divinity but as marks of respect to men themselves, we will include in our account concerning the athletes. This is a classificatory aside about dedicatory portraits and how they will be treated in the athletes' account, not a mythic or historical event.
5.25.2 1 historical medium Μεσσηνίους τοὺς ἐπὶ τῷ πορθμῷ κατὰ ἔθος δή τι ἀρχαῖον πέμποντας ἐς Ῥήγιον χορὸν παίδων πέντε ἀριθμὸν καὶ τριάκοντα καὶ διδάσκαλόν τε ὁμοῦ τῷ χορῷ καὶ ἄνδρα αὐλητὴν ἐς ἑορτήν τινα ἐπιχώριον Ῥηγίνων, κατέλαβεν αὐτούς ποτε συμφορά, μηδένα ὀπίσω τῶν ἀποσταλέντων σφίσιν ἀποσωθῆναι· Once, according to an ancient tradition, the Messenians were sending a chorus of boys—thirty-five in number—along with a teacher for the chorus and a flute-player, across the strait to Rhegium for a local festival celebrated by the Rhegians. Refers to an ancient tradition and a specific local event involving the Messenians and Rhegium, but not a mythic episode.
5.25.2 2 other medium ἀλλὰ ἡ ναῦς ἡ ἄγουσα τοὺς παῖδας ἠφανίσθη σὺν αὐτοῖς κατὰ τοῦ βυθοῦ. But disaster befell them on one occasion, and none of those dispatched returned home safely. Describes a shipwreck/disaster affecting a voyage, with no clear mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
5.25.2 3 other high ἔστι γὰρ δὴ ἡ κατὰ τοῦτον θάλασσα τὸν πορθμὸν θαλάσσης χειμεριωτάτη πάσης· Rather, the ship carrying the boys disappeared with all on board into the depths of the sea. Describes the sea at the strait as especially stormy; this is geographical/descriptive, not an event.
5.25.3 1 other high οἵ τε γὰρ ἄνεμοι ταράσσουσιν αὐτὴν ἀμφοτέρωθεν τὸ κῦμα ἐπάγοντες ἐκ τοῦ Ἀδρίου καὶ ἐξ ἑτέρου πελάγους ὃ καλεῖται Τυρσηνόν. For the winds disturb this sea from both sides, driving waves upon it from the Adriatic and from the other sea called Tyrrhenian. Purely geographical description of sea conditions and named seas; no mythic or historical event.
5.25.3 2 other high ἤν τε καὶ ἀνέμων ἀπῇ πνεύματα, ὁ δὲ καὶ τηνικαῦτα ὁ πορθμὸς κίνησιν βιαιοτάτην αὐτὸς ἐξ αὑτοῦ καὶ ἰσχυρὰς παρέχεται παλιρροίας. Even when the winds cease to blow, the strait itself still violently fluctuates and produces powerful tidal currents from its own nature. Purely geographical description of the strait’s natural tidal behavior.
5.25.3 3 other high θηρία τε τοσαῦτα ἐς αὐτὸν τὰ ἀθροιζόμενά ἐστιν, ὡς καὶ τὸν ἀέρα τὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς θαλάσσης ταύτης ἀναπίμπλασθαι τῶν θηρίων τῆς ὀσμῆς, ὡς σωτηρίας γε ἐκ τοῦ πορθμοῦ μηδὲ ἐλπίδος τι ὑπολείπεσθαι ναυαγῷ. Moreover, such great numbers of monstrous creatures gather there that even the air above the sea becomes heavy with their odor, leaving no hope whatsoever for survival to any shipwrecked sailor. Describes a geographical/atmospheric feature of the sea and its dangerous creatures, not a mythic or historical event.
5.25.3 4 mythic high εἰ δὲ ἐνταῦθα συνέπεσε καὶ Ὀδυσσεῖ διαφθαρῆναι τὴν ναῦν, ἄλλως μὲν οὐκ ἄν τις πείθοιτο ἐκνήξασθαι ζῶντα ἐς τὴν Ἰταλίαν αὐτόν. If it happened that Odysseus' ship was destroyed there, under normal circumstances no one would be convinced that he could swim alive to Italy. Refers to Odysseus and the destruction of his ship, a mythic event and its legendary consequences.
5.25.3 5 other high τὸ δὲ ἐκ τῶν θεῶν εὐμενὲς ἐπὶ παντὶ ἐργάζεται ῥᾳστώνην. But the favor of the gods makes every task effortless. General statement about divine favor and effort, not a specific mythic or historical event.
5.25.4 1 historical high τότε δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ ἀπωλείᾳ τῶν παίδων οἱ Μεσσήνιοι πένθος ἦγον, καὶ ἄλλα τέ σφισιν ἐς τιμὴν αὐτῶν ἐξευρέθη καὶ εἰκόνας ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν ἀνέθεσαν χαλκᾶς, σὺν δὲ αὐτοῖς τὸν διδάσκαλον τοῦ χοροῦ καὶ τὸν αὐλητήν. At that time the Messenians grieved over the loss of their children, and they devised various other honors for them; among these, they dedicated bronze statues at Olympia, depicting the boys along with their chorus-master and flute-player. Describes a commemorative practice by the Messenians and dedication of statues at Olympia, an historical cultic honor rather than mythic narrative.
5.25.4 2 historical high τὸ μὲν δὴ ἐπίγραμμα ἐδήλου τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἀναθήματα εἶναι τῶν ἐν πορθμῷ Μεσσηνίων· The original inscription upon them made clear that the dedication was from the Messenians settled at Rhegium. Refers to a dedication by historical Messenians settled at Rhegium, not a mythic event.
5.25.4 3 historical medium χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον Ἱππίας ὁ λεγόμενος ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων γενέσθαι σοφὸς τὰ ἐλεγεῖα ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς ἐποίησεν. Later, Hippias, whom the Greeks considered wise, composed elegiac verses about these statues. Refers to Hippias composing verses later about statues; this is a later historical person and literary response, not mythic.
5.25.4 4 other high ἔργα δέ εἰσιν Ἠλείου Κάλλωνος αἱ εἰκόνες. The statues themselves were works by Callon of Elis. Identifies the maker of statues; purely antiquarian/descriptive, not mythic or historical event.
5.25.5 1 other high ἔστι δὲ κατὰ τὴν ἄκραν ἐν Σικελίᾳ τὴν τετραμμένην ἐπὶ Λιβύης καὶ Νότου, καλουμένην δὲ Πάχυνον, Μοτύη πόλις· οἰκοῦσι δὲ Λίβυες ἐν αὐτῇ καὶ Φοίνικες. On the promontory of Sicily facing Libya and the south, called Pachynos, is a city called Motye; it is inhabited by Libyans and Phoenicians. Geographical description of a Sicilian promontory and the peoples inhabiting a city there.
5.25.5 2 historical high τούτοις τοῖς ἐν Μοτύῃ βαρβάροις Ἀκραγαντῖνοι καταστάντες ἐς πόλεμον καὶ λείαν τε καὶ λάφυρα ἀπʼ αὐτῶν λαβόντες ἀνέθεσαν τοὺς παῖδας ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν τοὺς χαλκοῦς, προτείνοντάς τε τὰς δεξιὰς καὶ εἰκασμένους εὐχομένοις τῷ θεῷ. The people of Akragas went to war with these foreign inhabitants of Motye, and having taken plunder and booty from them, dedicated bronze statues of boys at Olympia. Refers to Akragantine warfare and dedicatory offering from a historical conflict, not mythic material.
5.25.5 3 other high κεῖνται δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ τείχους οὗτοι τῆς Ἄλτεως· These statues have their right hands stretched out, as if they were praying to the god. Describes the position and appearance of statues on a wall, which is topographical/descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
5.25.5 4 other high Καλάμιδος δὲ εἶναι σφᾶς ἔργα ἐγώ τε εἴκαζον καὶ ἐς αὐτοὺς κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ εἶχεν ὁ λόγος. They stand along the wall of the Altis. Purely descriptive placement within the Altis wall; no mythic or historical event.
5.25.6 1 other high Σικελίαν δὲ ἔθνη τοσάδε οἰκεῖ, Σικανοί τε καὶ Σικελοὶ καὶ Φρύγες, οἱ μὲν ἐξ Ἰταλίας διαβεβηκότες ἐς αὐτήν, Φρύγες δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ Σκαμάνδρου ποταμοῦ καὶ χώρας τῆς Τρῳάδος· Sicily is inhabited by the following peoples: the Sicanians, Sicels, and Phrygians—the first two groups migrated there from Italy, but the Phrygians came from the Scamander river and the region of the Troad. Ethnographic/geographical description of Sicily’s inhabitants and migrations, not a mythic event or post-500 BC history.
5.25.6 2 historical high οἱ δὲ Φοίνικες καὶ Λίβυες στόλῳ ἀφίκοντο ἐς τὴν νῆσον κοινῷ καὶ ἄποικοι Καρχηδονίων εἰσὶ. The Phoenicians and Libyans together sailed to the island in an expedition, and they are colonists sent from Carthage. Refers to a colonial expedition and Carthaginian settlers, a post-500 BC historical event.
5.25.6 3 other high τοσαῦτα μὲν ἐν Σικελίᾳ ἔθνη βάρβαρα· These, then, are the barbarian nations in Sicily. A geographical/ethnographic summary of barbarian peoples in Sicily, not a mythic or historical event.
5.25.6 4 other high Ἑλλήνων δὲ Δωριεῖς τε ἔχουσιν αὐτὴν καὶ Ἴωνες καὶ τοῦ Φωκικοῦ καὶ τοῦ Ἀττικοῦ γένους ἑκατέρου μοῖρα οὐ πολλή. As for the Greeks, the island is inhabited by both Dorians and Ionians, along with small communities descended from the Phokians and from Attica. A population/geographical description of ethnic settlement, not a mythic or historical event.
5.25.7 1 other high ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ αὐτοῦ τείχους τά τε Ἀκραγαντίνων ἀναθήματα καὶ Ἡρακλέους δύο εἰσὶν ἀνδριάντες γυμνοί, παῖδες ἡλικίαν· On the same wall are dedications from the people of Acragas and two bronze statues of Heracles, depicted nude as youths. Describes dedications and statues on a wall; purely descriptive/antiquarian, not a mythic or historical event.
5.25.7 2 mythic high τὸν δὲ ἐν Νεμέᾳ τοξεύοντι ἔοικε λέοντα. The one at Nemea is represented shooting at the lion. Nemea evokes the Nemean lion, a mythic event/figure in Heracles' labor.
5.25.7 3 other high τοῦτον μὲν δὴ τόν τε Ἡρακλέα καὶ ὁμοῦ τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ τὸν λέοντα Ταραντῖνος ἀνέθηκεν Ἱπποτίων, Νικοδάμου δέ ἐστι Μαιναλίου τέχνη· This representation of Heracles along with the lion was dedicated by Hippotion of Tarentum and crafted by Nicodamus of Maenalus. A dedication and artist attribution are antiquarian/descriptive, not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
5.25.7 4 historical medium τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα τὸ ἕτερον Ἀναξίππου μέν ἐστιν ἀνάθημα Μενδαίου, μετεκομίσθη δὲ ἐνταῦθα ὑπὸ Ἠλείων· The other statue is a dedicated offering from Anaxippus of Mende, and was brought here by the Eleans. Describes a later relocation of a statue by the Eleans, a post-mythic historical action affecting the sanctuary.
5.25.7 5 other high τὰ πρὸ τούτου δὲ ἔκειτο ἐπὶ τῆς ὁδοῦ τῷ πέρατι, ἣ ἄγει μὲν ἐξ Ἤλιδος ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν, καλεῖται δὲ Ἱερά. Previously, it stood at the end of the road called "Sacred," which leads from Elis to Olympia. A road description and location marker; purely geographical/route information.
5.25.8 1 mythic high ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἀναθήματα ἐν κοινῷ τοῦ Ἀχαιῶν ἔθνους, ὅσοι προκαλεσαμένου τοῦ Ἕκτορος ἐς μονομαχίαν ἄνδρα Ἕλληνα τὸν κλῆρον ἐπὶ τῷ ἀγῶνι ὑπέμειναν. There are also offerings set up in common by the Achaean nation, representing those Greeks who drew lots and stood prepared to fight when challenged by Hector to single combat. Refers to Hector’s challenge to single combat and commemorative offerings about that mythic episode.
5.25.8 2 mythic high οὗτοι μὲν δὴ ἑστήκασι τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ μεγάλου πλησίον, δόρασι καὶ ἀσπίσιν ὡπλισμένοι· ἀπαντικρὺ δὲ ἐπὶ ἑτέρου βάθρου πεποίηται Νέστωρ, τὸν ἑκάστου κλῆρον ἐσβεβληκὼς ἐς τὴν κυνῆν. These figures stand near the great temple, armed with spears and shields; opposite, on another pedestal, is depicted Nestor placing the lot of each man into the helmet. Depicts Nestor and the lot-casting scene from mythic epic tradition.
5.25.8 3 historical high τῶν δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ Ἕκτορι κληρουμένων ἀριθμὸν ὄντων ὀκτώ---τὸν γὰρ ἔνατον αὐτῶν, τὴν τοῦ Ὀδυσσέως εἰκόνα, Νέρωνα κομίσαι λέγουσιν ἐς Ῥώμην ---, τῶν δὲ ὀκτὼ τούτων ἐπὶ μόνῳ τῷ ἀγάλματι Although the number of those who drew lots to face Hector was originally nine—since they say Nero carried away the ninth figure, that of Odysseus, to Rome—only eight of these statues remain. Mentions Nero taking a statue to Rome; this is a post-classical historical event affecting the statues' survival.
5.25.9 1 other high Ἀγαμέμνονι τὸ ὄνομά ἐστι γεγραμμένον· The name of Agamemnon is inscribed there. A simple description of an inscription naming Agamemnon, with no event narrated.
5.25.9 2 other high γέγραπται δὲ καὶ τοῦτο ἐπὶ τὰ λαιὰ ἐκ δεξιῶν. And it is written from right to left. Describes the direction of writing on an inscription; purely descriptive/antiquarian.
5.25.9 3 mythic high ὅτου δὲ ὁ ἀλεκτρυών ἐστιν ἐπίθημα τῇ ἀσπίδι, Ἰδομενεύς ἐστιν ὁ ἀπόγονος Μίνω· As for the warrior who has a cock as a device upon his shield, he is identified as Idomeneus, the descendant of Minos. Idomeneus is a mythic heroic figure, identified by descent from Minos.
5.25.9 4 mythic high τῷ δὲ Ἰδομενεῖ γένος ἀπὸ Ἡλίου τοῦ πατρὸς Πασιφάης, Idomeneus traces his lineage from Helios, the father of Pasiphae. Genealogical descent from Helios and Pasiphae is mythic lineage.
5.25.9 5 other high Ἡλίου δὲ ἱερόν φασιν εἶναι τὸν ὄρνιθα καὶ ἀγγέλλειν ἀνιέναι μέλλοντος τοῦ ἡλίου. They say that the bird is sacred to Helios, and announces beforehand the rising of the sun. Descriptive antiquarian note about a bird sacred to Helios and its omen-like behavior, not a narrated myth or historical event.
5.25.10 1 other high γέγραπται δὲ καὶ ἐπίγραμμα ἐπὶ τῷ βάθρῳ· An epigram is also written upon the pedestal: Purely descriptive notice that an inscription exists on the pedestal.
5.25.10 2 mythic high τῷ Διὶ τἈχαιοὶ τἀγάλματα ταῦτʼ ἀνέθηκαν, ἔγγονοι ἀντιθέου Τανταλίδα Πέλοπος. These statues the Achaeans dedicated to Zeus, Descendants of divine Pelops, son of Tantalus. Refers to Pelops and Tantalus, a mythic ancestry used in dedication language.
5.25.10 3 other high τοῦτο μὲν δὴ ἐνταῦθά ἐστι γεγραμμένον· That inscription is indeed found here. Purely descriptive note about the presence of an inscription at the site.
5.25.10 4 mythic high ὁ δὲ ἀγαλματοποιὸς ὅστις ἦν, ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἰδομενέως γέγραπται τῇ ἀσπίδι· The name of the sculptor, whoever he was, is engraved upon the shield of Idomeneus: Refers to Idomeneus, a mythic figure, and a detail associated with his shield.
5.25.10 5 other high πολλὰ μὲν ἄλλα σοφοῦ ποιήματα καὶ τόδʼ Ὀνάτα ἔργον Αἰγινήτεω, τὸν γείνατο παῖδα Μίκων. Many other skilful works as well as this one are by Onatas, The Aeginetan, whom Micon begot as his son. An antiquarian artistic attribution, not a mythic or historical event.
5.25.11 1 mythic high οὐ πόρρω δὲ τοῦ Ἀχαιῶν ἀναθήματος καὶ Ἡρακλῆς ἐστιν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ζωστῆρος μαχόμενος πρὸς τὴν Ἀμαζόνα ἔφιππον γυναῖκα· Not far from the dedication of the Achaeans is a figure of Heracles fighting for the belt against an Amazon, a mounted woman. Describes Heracles fighting an Amazon, a mythic scene and monument.
5.25.11 2 historical medium τοῦτον Εὐαγόρας μὲν γένος Ζαγκλαῖος ἀνέθηκεν, ἐποίησε δὲ Κυδωνιάτης Ἀριστοκλῆς. This was dedicated by Euagoras, a native of Zancle, and made by Aristocles of Cydonia. An inscriptional dedication naming dedicator and maker is later historical/antiquarian material, not mythic or merely geographic.
5.25.11 3 other high ἐν δὲ τοῖς μάλιστα ἀρχαίοις καταριθμήσασθαι καὶ τὸν Ἀριστοκλέα ἔστι· Aristocles may also be counted among the oldest sculptors. An antiquarian remark identifying Aristocles among early sculptors; no event, mythic or historical, is described.
5.25.11 4 historical medium καὶ σαφῶς μὲν ἡλικίαν οὐκ ἔχοι τις ἂν εἰπεῖν αὐτοῦ, δῆλα δὲ ὡς πρότερον ἔτι ἐγένετο πρὶν ἢ τῇ Ζάγκλῃ τὸ ὄνομα γενέσθαι τὸ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν Μεσσήνην. Although no one could exactly determine his date, it is clear that he lived before the time when Zancle was renamed Messene, the name by which we know it today. Dates a person relative to the renaming of Zancle to Messene, a historical naming event.
5.25.12 1 mythic high Θάσιοι δέ, Φοίνικες τὸ ἀνέκαθεν ὄντες καὶ ἐκ Τύρου καὶ Φοινίκης τῆς ἄλλης ὁμοῦ Θάσῳ τῷ Ἀγήνορος κατὰ ζήτησιν ἐκπλεύσαντες τὴν Εὐρώπης, ἀνέθεσαν Ἡρακλέα ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν, The Thasians, who were Phoenicians originally and who had sailed from Tyre together with other Phoenicians along with Thasos, son of Agenor, during the search for Europa, dedicated a statue of Heracles at Olympia. Mentions Thasos, Agenor, and the search for Europa, which are mythic figures/events.
5.25.12 2 other high τὸ βάθρον χαλκοῦν ὁμοίως τῷ ἀγάλματι· Its pedestal, like the image itself, is made of bronze. Purely descriptive material about the pedestal's material, with no mythic or historical event.
5.25.12 3 other high μέγεθος μὲν δὴ τοῦ ἀγάλματός εἰσι πήχεις δέκα, ῥόπαλον δὲ ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ, τῇ δὲ ἀριστερᾷ χειρὶ ἔχει τόξον. The height of the statue is ten cubits; he holds a club in his right hand, and a bow in his left. Purely describes the statue's physical appearance and attributes, with no event or historical claim.
5.25.12 4 other high ἤκουσα δὲ ἐν Θάσῳ τὸν αὐτὸν σφᾶς Ἡρακλέα ὃν καὶ Τύριοι σέβεσθαι, ὕστερον δὲ ἤδη τελοῦντας ἐς Ἕλληνας νομίσαι καὶ Ἡρακλεῖ τῷ Ἀμφιτρύωνος νέμειν τιμάς. I heard that these same Thasians honored originally the same Heracles worshipped by the Tyrians, but later, after entering into Greek customs, they resolved to pay reverence also to the Heracles who was the son of Amphitryon. Antiquarian report about cult practice and naming of Heracles among the Thasians, not a mythic event or historical event after 500 BC.
5.25.13 1 other high τῷ δὲ ἀναθήματι τῷ ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν Θασίων ἔπεστιν ἐλεγεῖον· On the dedication of the Thasians at Olympia there is an elegiac couplet inscribed: Describes an inscription on a dedication at Olympia; antiquarian/descriptive, not mythic or historical.
5.25.13 2 other high υἱὸς μέν με Μίκωνος Ὀνάτας ἐξετέλεσσεν αὐτὸς ἐν Αἰγίνῃ δώματα ναιετάων. "Onatas himself, son of Micon, fashioned me, dwelling in Aegina within his house." A craftsman’s self-identification and place of residence are antiquarian/descriptive, not mythic or historical narrative.
5.25.13 3 other high τὸν δὲ Ὀνάταν τοῦτον ὅμως, καὶ τέχνης ἐς τὰ ἀγάλματα ὄντα Αἰγιναίας, οὐδενὸς ὕστερον θήσομεν τῶν ἀπὸ Δαιδάλου τε καὶ ἐργαστηρίου τοῦ Ἀττικοῦ. Yet, though this Onatas belonged to the school of Aeginetan sculpture, I would place him second to none among artists since Daedalus and the Attic workshop. A stylistic/art-historical evaluation of sculptors and schools, not a mythic or historical event.