Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 7.21

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
7.21.1 1 other high καὶ Διονύσου κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς πόλεώς ἐστιν ἱερὸν ἐπίκλησιν Καλυδωνίου· In this part of the city stands a sanctuary of Dionysus called Calydonian. A cult site location and epithet are descriptive/topographical, not a mythic event or historical event.
7.21.1 2 historical high μετεκομίσθη γὰρ καὶ τοῦ Διονύσου τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐκ Καλυδῶνος. For the image of Dionysus was also brought over from Calydon. Relates to the transfer of a cult statue from Calydon, an historical/antiquarian event affecting the landscape.
7.21.1 3 mythic high ὅτε δὲ ᾠκεῖτο ἔτι Καλυδών, ἄλλοι τε Καλυδωνίων ἐγένοντο ἱερεῖς τῷ θεῷ καὶ δὴ καὶ Κόρεσος, ὃν ἀνθρώπων μάλιστα ἐπέλαβεν ἄδικα ἐξ ἔρωτος παθεῖν. When Calydon was still inhabited, various Calydonians served as priests to this god, among them Coresus, who suffered from love more unjustly than anyone ever had. Coresus is a mythic figure, and the sentence situates him within the legendary past of Calydon.
7.21.1 4 mythic medium ἤρα μὲν Καλλιρόης παρθένου· He fell in love with a maiden named Callirhoe. A lover's pursuit of Callirhoe is part of a mythic narrative, not a historical or merely descriptive note.
7.21.1 5 mythic high ὁπόσον δὲ ἐς Καλλιρόην ἔρωτος Κορέσῳ μετῆν, τοσοῦτο εἶχεν ἀπεχθείας ἐς αὐτὸν ἡ παρθένος. But as deeply as Coresus was overcome with passion for Callirhoe, so deeply did the maiden despise him. The sentence describes Coresus and Callirhoe, figures from a mythic narrative, not a historical event.
7.21.2 1 mythic high ὡς δὲ τοῦ Κορέσου δεήσεις τε ποιουμένου πάσας καὶ δώρων ὑποσχέσεις παντοίας οὐκ ἐνετρέπετο ἡ γνώμη τῆς παρθένου, ἐκομίζετο ἱκέτης ἤδη παρὰ τοῦ Διονύσου τὸ ἄγαλμα. When Coresus, despite repeated pleadings and promises of all manner of gifts, failed to change the resolve of the maiden, he went to the sacred image as a suppliant of Dionysus. Coresus and the maiden are part of a mythic narrative involving Dionysus' image and divine supplication.
7.21.2 2 mythic high ὁ δὲ ἤκουσέ τε εὐχομένου τοῦ ἱερέως καὶ οἱ Καλυδώνιοι τὸ παραυτίκα ὥσπερ ὑπὸ μέθης ἐγίνοντο ἔκφρονες καὶ ἡ τελευτὴ σφᾶς παραπλῆγας ἐπελάμβανε. The god heard the priest's prayer, and the Calydonians immediately became as if mad through drunkenness and were overcome by a deadly affliction. A god answers a priest's prayer and inflicts a divine affliction, which is mythic action and its effect on the people.
7.21.2 3 other high καταφεύγουσιν οὖν ἐπὶ τὸ χρηστήριον τὸ ἐν Δωδώνῃ. Thus, they turned for help to the oracle at Dodona. A travel or narrative reference to consulting the oracle at Dodona; this is descriptive/religious action, not a mythic event or a post-500 BC historical event.
7.21.2 4 other high τοῖς γὰρ τὴν ἤπειρον ταύτην οἰκοῦσι, τοῖς τε Αἰτωλοῖς καὶ τοῖς προσχώροις αὐτῶν Ἀκαρνᾶσι καὶ Ἠπειρώταις, αἱ πέλειαι καὶ τὰ ἐκ τῆς δρυὸς μαντεύματα μετέχειν μάλιστα ἐφαίνετο ἀληθείας. Indeed, the people inhabiting that mainland—the Aetolians, as well as their neighbors the Acarnanians and Epeirotes—especially relied on the doves and oak-tree oracles for truthful revelations. Describes local peoples' reliance on oracles and divination; a geographical/antiquarian religious note, not a mythic event or historical event.
7.21.3 1 mythic high τότε δὲ τὰ χρησθέντα ἐκ Δωδώνης Διονύσου μὲν ἔλεγεν εἶναι τὸ μήνιμα, ἔσεσθαι δὲ οὐ πρότερον λύσιν πρὶν ἢ θύσῃ τῷ Διονύσῳ Κόρεσος ἢ αὐτὴν Καλλιρόην ἢ τὸν ἀποθανεῖν ἀντʼ ἐκείνης τολμήσαντα. Then the oracle from Dodona pronounced that the wrath was Dionysus’, and that no remedy would come until Coresus sacrificed to Dionysus either Callirhoe herself or whoever would dare to die in her stead. Oracle of Dodona and Dionysus’ wrath concern a mythic episode and divine intervention.
7.21.3 2 mythic high ὡς δὲ οὐδὲν ἐς σωτηρίαν εὑρίσκετο ἡ παρθένος, δεύτερα ἐπὶ τοὺς θρεψαμένους καταφεύγει· Since no rescue could be found for the maiden, she next sought refuge with her foster parents. Refers to a maiden’s rescue in a narrative of mythic action, not a historical or purely descriptive passage.
7.21.3 3 other high ἁμαρτάνουσα δὲ καὶ τούτων, ἐλείπετο οὐδὲν ἔτι ἢ αὐτὴν φονεύεσθαι. When she failed with them as well, nothing remained for her but death itself. Describes a person's failure and impending death, with no mythic or historical event.
7.21.4 1 mythic high προεξεργασθέντων δὲ ὁπόσα ἐς τὴν θυσίαν ἄλλα ἐκ Δωδώνης μεμαντευμένα ἦν, ἡ μὲν ἱερείου τρόπον ἦκτο ἐπὶ τὸν βωμόν, Κόρεσος δὲ ἐφειστήκει μὲν τῇ θυσίᾳ, τῷ δὲ ἔρωτι εἴξας καὶ οὐ τῷ θυμῷ ἑαυτὸν ἀντὶ Καλλιρόης διεργάζεται. When everything else prescribed by the oracle from Dodona for the sacrifice had been previously accomplished, Callirhoe was brought to the altar in the manner of a sacrificial victim. A sacrificial scene involving Dodona’s oracle and named figures from mythic narrative.
7.21.4 2 mythic high ὁ μὲν δὴ ἀπέδειξεν ἔργον ἀνθρώπων ὧν ἴσμεν διατεθεὶς ἐς ἔρωτα ἀπλαστότατα· Coresus, standing ready to perform the sacrifice, yielded not to anger but to love, and slew himself instead of Callirhoe. Coresus and Callirhoe belong to a mythic aetiological story, with the self-sacrifice as part of the myth.
7.21.5 1 mythic high Καλλιρόη τε ὡς Κόρεσον τεθνεῶτα εἶδεν, μετέπεσε τῇ παιδὶ ἡ γνώμη, καὶ---ἐσῄει γὰρ αὐτὴν Κορέσου τε ἔλεος καὶ ὅσα ἐς αὐτὸν εἴργασται αἰδώς---ἀπέσφαξέ τε αὑτὴν ἐς τὴν πηγήν, τοῦ λιμένος ἣ ἐν Καλυδῶνί ἐστιν οὐ πόρρω τοῦ λιμένος. When Callirhoe saw that Coresus was dead, her heart turned toward love for the youth; moved by pity for Coresus and shame for what had been done to him, she slew herself at the spring near the harbor at Calydon, not far from the port. This is a mythic narrative about Callirhoe and Coresus, with the suicide at the spring tied to the myth's landscape.
7.21.5 2 mythic medium Καὶ ἀπʼ ἐκείνης οἱ ἔπειτα ἄνθρωποι Καλλιρόην τὴν πηγὴν καλοῦσι. From that time onward, people have called that spring Callirhoe. The spring’s name derives from the mythic figure Callirhoe; this is an etiological naming tied to mythic impact on the landscape.
7.21.6 1 other high τοῦ θεάτρου δὲ ἐγγὺς πεποίηται Πατρεῦσι γυναικὸς ἐπιχωρίας τέμενος. Near the theater, the people of Patrae have fashioned a sacred precinct dedicated to a local woman. A topographical description of a local sanctuary near the theater; no mythic or historical event is described.
7.21.6 2 other high Διονύσου δέ ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα ἀγάλματα, ἴσοι τε τοῖς ἀρχαίοις πολίσμασι καὶ ὁμώνυμοι· Μεσατεὺς γὰρ καὶ Ἀνθεύς τε καὶ Ἀροεύς ἐστιν αὐτοῖς τὰ ὀνόματα. There are also images here of Dionysus, equal in number to the ancient settlements and sharing their names; for they are called Mesateus, Antheus, and Aroeus. Descriptive note about local images and place-names; no mythic narrative or historical event.
7.21.6 3 other high ταῦτα τὰ ἀγάλματα ἐν τῇ Διονύσου τῇ ἑορτῇ κομίζουσιν ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ Αἰσυμνήτου· τὸ δὲ ἱερὸν τοῦτο ἐς τὰ ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ τῆς πόλεως ἐρχομένοις ἔστιν ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ. During the festival of Dionysus, these images are carried to the sanctuary of Aesymnetes; this sanctuary lies on the right side of the road leading from the agora towards the seaside district of the city. Describes a festival procession and the sanctuary's location; purely ritual and geographical, not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
7.21.7 1 other high ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Αἰσυμνήτου κατωτέρω ἰόντι ἄλλο ἱερὸν καὶ ἄγαλμα λίθου· Below Aesymnetes, as one goes further down, there is another sanctuary and a stone image. Purely topographical description of a sanctuary and statue location; no mythic or historical event.
7.21.7 2 mythic high καλεῖται μὲν Σωτηρίας, ἱδρύσασθαι δὲ αὐτὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἀποφυγόντα φασὶ τὴν μανίαν Εὐρύπυλον. It is called the sanctuary of Soteria, and they say it was originally founded by Eurypylus after escaping from madness. Founding attributed to Eurypylus after escaping madness is a mythic aetiology.
7.21.7 3 other high πρὸς δὲ τῷ λιμένι Ποσειδῶνός τε ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμά ἐστιν ὀρθὸν λίθου. Near the harbor is a temple and a standing stone image of Poseidon. A topographical description of a temple and statue near the harbor, with no event narrative.
7.21.7 4 other high Ποσειδῶνι δὲ παρὲξ ἢ ὁπόσα ὀνόματα ποιηταῖς πεποιημένα ἐστὶν ἐς ἐπῶν κόσμον καὶ ἰδίᾳ σφίσιν ἐπιχώρια ὄντα ἕκαστοι τίθενται, τοσαίδε ἐς ἅπαντας γεγόνασιν ἐπικλήσεις αὐτῷ, Πελαγαῖος καὶ Ἀσφάλιός τε καὶ Ἵππιος. In addition to those names of Poseidon created by poets as decorative epithets in verse, and those that various places assign to him as their own local titles, there are three epithets common to all Greeks: Pelagaios ("of the Sea"), Asphalios ("Securing Safe Passage"), and Hippios ("Horse God"). A descriptive note on Poseidon’s epithets and local cult titles; no event is narrated.
7.21.8 1 mythic medium ὠνομάσθαι δὲ Ἵππιον τὸν θεὸν πείθοιτο μὲν ἄν τις καὶ ἐπʼ αἰτίαις ἄλλαις· ἐγὼ δὲ εὑρετὴν ἱππικῆς ὄντα ἀπὸ τούτου σχεῖν καὶ τὸ ὄνομα εἰκάζω. Certainly one might be persuaded that the god was named Hippios ("Horse-god") for other reasons as well; but in my own view, since he was the inventor of horsemanship, he probably derived his name from this circumstance. The sentence refers to Poseidon as the inventor of horsemanship, an origin-story tied to a god and mythic explanation.
7.21.8 2 mythic high Ὅμηρος μέν γε ἐν ἵππων ἄθλοις Μενελάῳ κατὰ τοῦ θεοῦ τούτου πρόκλησιν περιέθηκεν ὅρκου· Indeed, Homer, in the contest of horses, makes Menelaus swear an oath with an invocation of this very god: Refers to Homer’s heroic narrative and a mythic episode involving Menelaus and a god.
7.21.8 3 mythic high ἵππων ἁψάμενος, γαιήοχον ἐννοσίγαιον ὄμνυθι μηδὲν ἑκὼν τὸ ἐμὸν δόλῳ ἅρμα πεδῆσαι. Hom. Il. 23.584-585 "Lay hands upon the horses and swear by the Earth-shaking Earth-holder that you did not willingly impede my chariot through guile." (Homer, Iliad 23.584-585) A Homeric epic quotation about divine oaths and heroic chariot conflict; mythic literary material.
7.21.9 1 mythic high Πάμφως δέ, ὃς Ἀθηναίοις τοὺς ἀρχαιοτάτους τῶν ὕμνων ἐποίησεν, εἶναί φησι τὸν Ποσειδῶνα ἵππων τε δωτῆρα νεῶν τʼ ἰθυκρηδέμνων. Pamphos, who composed the most ancient hymns for the Athenians, says that Poseidon is the giver of horses and ships with upright hulls. States a mythic attribution of Poseidon as giver of horses and ships.
7.21.9 2 other high οὕτω διὰ τὴν ἱππικὴν καὶ οὐκ ἀπὸ ἑτέρας προφάσεως τὸ ὄνομα ἔσχηκεν. Thus, it is from his association with horses, and not from another cause, that he has received this name. Explains a name by etymology/association with horses; this is antiquarian/descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
7.21.10 1 other high ἐν Πάτραις δὲ οὐ πολὺ ἀπωτέρω τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος ἱερά ἐστιν Ἀφροδίτης· In Patrae, not far from the sanctuary of Poseidon, is one dedicated to Aphrodite. A simple topographical/descriptive statement about a sanctuary location in Patrae; no mythic or historical event.
7.21.10 2 other high τὸ δὲ ἕτερον τῶν ἀγαλμάτων γενεᾷ πρότερον ἢ κατʼ ἐμὲ ἁλιεῖς ἄνδρες ἀνείλκυσαν ἐν δικτύῳ. One of the statues within it was recovered a generation before my time by fishermen who drew it up in their nets. Describes the recovery of a statue by fishermen, an antiquarian/descriptive detail rather than a mythic or historical event.
7.21.10 3 other high ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἀγάλματα τοῦ λιμένος ἐγγυτάτω χαλκοῦ πεποιημένα Ἄρεως, τὸ δὲ Ἀπόλλωνος· καὶ Ἀφροδίτης, ἧς καὶ πρὸς τῷ λιμένι δὲ ἐστὶ τέμενος, Near the harbor there are also bronze statues: one of Ares, another of Apollo, and one of Aphrodite—whose sanctuary likewise stands by the harbor. Describes statues and a sanctuary by the harbor, a topographical/antiquarian detail rather than a mythic or historical event.
7.21.10 4 other high λίθου μὲν πρόσωπον καὶ ἄκραι χεῖρες καὶ πόδες, ξύλου δὲ τὰ λοιπὰ εἴργασται. The image of Aphrodite has a face, hands, and feet of stone, but the rest of it is constructed from wood. Describes the materials and construction of a cult statue, which is descriptive/antiquarian rather than mythic or historical.
7.21.11 1 other high ἔστι δέ σφισι καὶ ἄλσος ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ, δρόμους τε ἐπιτηδειοτάτους καὶ ἐς τἄλλα δίαιταν ἡδεῖαν ὥρᾳ παρεχόμενον θερινῇ. They also have a grove by the sea, which has excellent paths suitable for running and provides, in other respects as well, a pleasant retreat during the summer season. Describes a seaside grove and its pleasant paths; purely geographical/descriptive, with no mythic or historical event.
7.21.11 2 other high ἐν τούτῳ τῷ ἄλσει καὶ ναοὶ θεῶν, Ἀπόλλωνος, ὁ δὲ Ἀφροδίτης· Within this grove are temples of gods—one of Apollo and another of Aphrodite. Purely descriptive note about temples in a grove; no event or dated historical action.
7.21.11 3 other high πεποίηται λίθου καὶ τούτοις τὰ ἀγάλματα. Their statues, like the temples themselves, are made of stone. Purely descriptive material about the material of statues, with no mythic or historical event.
7.21.11 4 other high τοῦ δὲ ἄλσους ἱερὸν ἔχεται Δήμητρος· αὕτη μὲν καὶ ἡ παῖς ἑστᾶσι, τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα τῆς Γῆς ἐστι καθήμενον. Adjacent to the grove is a sanctuary dedicated to Demeter; she and her daughter stand upright, while the image of Earth is depicted seated. Purely descriptive sanctuary and cult-image description; no event or landscape impact from myth or history.
7.21.12 1 other high πρὸ δὲ τοῦ ἱεροῦ τῆς Δήμητρός ἐστι πηγή. Before the temple of Demeter there is a spring. A simple topographical description of a spring’s location before Demeter’s temple.
7.21.12 2 other high ταύτης τὰ μὲν πρὸς τοῦ ναοῦ λίθων ἀνέστηκεν αἱμασιά, κατὰ δὲ τὸ ἐκτὸς κάθοδος ἐς αὐτὴν πεποίηται. On the temple side, the spring is surrounded by a low wall of stones, but on the outer side steps have been constructed leading down to the water. Purely descriptive topography: it describes the spring’s stone wall and steps, with no mythic or historical event.
7.21.12 3 other high μαντεῖον δὲ ἐνταῦθά ἐστιν ἀψευδές, οὐ μὲν ἐπὶ παντί γε πράγματι, ἀλλὰ ἐπὶ τῶν καμνόντων. Here there is an oracle whose prophecies do not deceive; however, it is consulted not for every matter, but specifically concerning the sick. Describes an oracle and its use, which is religious/geographical description rather than a mythic event or historical event.
7.21.12 4 other high κάτοπτρον καλῳδίῳ τῶν λεπτῶν δήσαντες καθιᾶσι, σταθμώμενοι μὴ πρόσω καθικέσθαι τῆς πηγῆς, ἀλλʼ ὅσον ἐπιψαῦσαι τοῦ ὕδατος τῷ κύκλῳ τοῦ κατόπτρου. Using a thin string they lower a mirror into the spring, carefully measuring so that it does not sink deeply below the surface but merely touches the water with its rim. Purely descriptive of a ritualized or practical action at a spring; no mythic event or historical event is being narrated.
7.21.12 5 other high τὸ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν εὐξάμενοι τῇ θεῷ καὶ θυμιάσαντες ἐς τὸ κάτοπτρον βλέπουσι· τὸ δέ σφισι τὸν νοσοῦντα ἤτοι ζῶντα ἢ καὶ τεθνεῶτα ἐπιδείκνυσι. After this they offer prayers to the goddess and burn incense, then look into the mirror; therein appears to them an image revealing whether the sick person shall live or has already died. Ritual procedure and description of a divinatory mirror; no mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
7.21.13 1 other high τούτῳ μὲν τῷ ὕδατι ἐς τοσοῦτο μέτεστιν ἀληθείας, Κυανεῶν δὲ τῶν πρὸς Λυκίᾳ πλησιαίτατα χρηστήριον Ἀπόλλωνός ἐστι Θυρξέως· This water has such an extraordinary reputation for truthfulness. Describes a water source and its reputed truthfulness; this is geographic/descriptive, not a mythic or historical event.
7.21.13 2 other high παρέχεται δὲ ὕδωρ τὸ πρὸς ταῖς Κυανέαις ἔσω ἐνιδόντα τινὰ ἐς τὴν πηγὴν ὁμοίως πάντα ὁπόσα θέλει θεάσασθαι. And of the Cyanian rocks nearest to Lycia is found an oracle of Apollo Thyrxeus. Describes a geographical feature and oracle location near the Cyanian rocks, not a narrated mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
7.21.13 3 other high ἐν Πάτραις δὲ πρὸς τῷ ἄλσει καὶ ἱερὰ δύο ἐστὶ Σαράπιδος· Beside these Cyanean rocks there is water which, when someone gazes into its spring, clearly reveals to him all that he desires to see. Purely descriptive topography: it notes two sanctuaries of Sarapis near a grove in Patrai, with no mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
7.21.13 4 mythic high ἐν δὲ τῷ ἑτέρῳ πεποίηται μνῆμα Αἰγύπτου τοῦ Βήλου. In Patrae near the grove there are two sanctuaries dedicated to Sarapis; and in one of them, there is a monument to Aegyptus the son of Belus. Aegyptus son of Belus is a mythic genealogical figure; the monument reflects a mythic memorial, not a historical event.
7.21.13 5 mythic high φυγεῖν δὲ ἐς τὴν Ἀρόην οἱ Πατρεῖς φασιν αὐτὸν τοῖς τε ἐς τοὺς παῖδας παθήμασι καὶ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτὸ πεφρικότα τοῦ Ἄργους καὶ ἐς πλέον τοῦ Δαναοῦ δείματι. The people of Patrae say that it was to Aroe that he fled, revolted both by the sufferings he had endured through his children and horrified by the very name "Argos," and even more deeply possessed by fear of Danaus. Refers to Danaus and a mythic flight tied to his children and fear of Argos; this is a mythic narrative.
7.21.14 1 other high ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἱερὸν Πατρεῦσιν Ἀσκληπιοῦ· The Patraeans also have a sanctuary of Asclepius; Describes the existence of a sanctuary, a geographical/religious site description rather than a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
7.21.14 2 other high τοῦτο τὸ ἱερὸν ὑπὲρ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν τῶν πυλῶν ἐστιν ἐγγὺς αἳ ἐπὶ Μεσάτιν ἄγουσιν. This sanctuary is situated above the acropolis, near the gates leading to Mesatis. Purely topographical description of the sanctuary's location and nearby gates.
7.21.14 3 other high αἱ δὲ γυναῖκές εἰσιν ἐν ταῖς Πάτραις ἀριθμὸν μὲν καὶ ἐς δὶς τῶν ἀνδρῶν· In Patrae, the number of women is twice that of men; A demographic description of Patrae, not a mythic or historical event.
7.21.14 4 other high Ἀφροδίτης δέ, εἴπερ ἄλλαις γυναιξί, μέτεστι καὶ ταύταις. And these women partake of Aphrodite's worship no less than women elsewhere. Describes local worship/practice of Aphrodite, a religious or descriptive statement rather than a mythic event or historical event.
7.21.14 5 other high βίος δὲ αὐτῶν ταῖς πολλαῖς ἐστιν ἀπὸ τῆς βύσσου τῆς ἐν τῇ Ἤλιδι φυομένης· Most of them earn their livelihood from flax produced in Elis; Describes local livelihood and agricultural production, not a mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
7.21.14 6 other high κεκρυφάλους τε γὰρ ἀπʼ αὐτῆς καὶ ἐσθῆτα ὑφαίνουσι τὴν ἄλλην. From it they weave head-coverings and the other types of clothing. Purely descriptive statement about weaving clothing from the plant/material; no mythic or historical event.