Grammar parses for passage 1.25.5
Open translation for this passage
τοὺς δὲ ἐς τὸ συμμαχικὸν ταχθέντας κατὰ πόλεις τε ἑκάστους ἦγον στρατηγοὶ καὶ τοῦ παντὸς ἄρχειν ᾕρητο Ἀθηναῖος Λεωσθένης πόλεώς τε ἀξιώματι καὶ αὐτὸς εἶναι δοκῶν πολέμων ἔμπειρος.
The accusative τοὺς ... ταχθέντας ... ἑκάστους is the object of ἦγον; Ἀθηναῖος Λεωσθένης is the subject of ᾕρητο, with ἄρχειν complementary. The final participial phrase describes Leosthenes and agrees with him; πόλεώς τε ἀξιώματι is an instrumental/dative phrase, though the exact scope of καὶ αὐτὸς is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἦγον | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 11 ἦγον | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P- | _ | 5 συμμαχικὸν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 συμμαχικὸν | det | high | |
| 5 | συμμαχικὸν | συμμαχικός | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ταχθέντας | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the allied force'. |
| 6 | ταχθέντας | τάσσω | VERB | V-PAAP-AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 1 τοὺς | acl | high | |
| 7 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P- | _ | 8 πόλεις | case | high | |
| 8 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἦγον | obl | high | |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 8 πόλεις | cc | high | Coordinates κατὰ πόλεις with ἑκάστους. |
| 10 | ἑκάστους | ἕκαστος | DET | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἦγον | advmod | high | Predicative/distributive accusative associated with the object. |
| 11 | ἦγον | ἄγω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | στρατηγοὶ | στρατηγός | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἦγον | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 17 ᾕρητο | cc | high | Coordinates the second main predicate. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GNS | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 παντὸς | det | high | |
| 15 | παντὸς | πᾶς | ADJ | A-GNS | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἄρχειν | nmod | high | Substantivized genitive, 'of the whole'. |
| 16 | ἄρχειν | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 ᾕρητο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with ᾕρητο. |
| 17 | ᾕρητο | αἱρέω | VERB | V-LMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Mid | 11 ἦγον | conj | high | Pluperfect middle, 'had been chosen/elected'. |
| 18 | Ἀθηναῖος | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | A-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Λεωσθένης | amod | high | Ethnic adjective used substantivally/appositionally. |
| 19 | Λεωσθένης | Λεωσθένης | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ᾕρητο | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | πόλεώς | πόλις | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἀξιώματι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀξίωμα, 'status of a city'. |
| 21 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 22 ἀξιώματι | cc | high | |
| 22 | ἀξιώματι | ἀξίωμα | NOUN | N-DNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 δοκῶν | obl | medium | Instrumental/causal dative; exact attachment is compressed. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 24 αὐτὸς | cc | high | |
| 24 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 δοκῶν | advmod | high | Intensive pronoun, 'himself'. |
| 25 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 26 δοκῶν | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by δοκῶν. |
| 26 | δοκῶν | δοκέω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 Λεωσθένης | acl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Λεωσθένης. |
| 27 | πολέμων | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἔμπειρος | nmod | high | |
| 28 | ἔμπειρος | ἔμπειρος | ADJ | A-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἶναι; πολέμων is its genitive complement. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἦγον | punct | high |
ὑπῆρχε δέ οἱ καὶ πρὸς πάντας εὐεργεσία τοὺς Ἕλληνας· ὁπόσοι γὰρ μισθοῦ παρὰ Δαρείῳ καὶ σατράπαις ἐστρατεύοντο Ἕλληνες, ἀνοικίσαι σφᾶς ἐς τὴν Περσίδα θελήσαντος Ἀλεξάνδρου Λεωσθένης ἔφθη κομίσας ναυσὶν ἐς τὴν Εὐρώπην.
Main clause: εὐεργεσία is the subject of ὑπῆρχε and οἱ is dative of reference; τοὺς Ἕλληνας is an accusative respect/complement with πρὸς. The relative clause headed by ὁπόσοι supplies the antecedent for σφᾶς, while the genitive absolute θελήσαντος Ἀλεξάνδρου modifies the following infinitive. Λεωσθένης is subject of ἔφθη, with κομίσας as a circumstantial participle; the syntax of the infinitive phrase is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὑπῆρχε | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V-3IAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 εὐεργεσία | cop | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ὑπῆρχε | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 7 εὐεργεσία | iobj | medium | Enclitic personal pronoun, dative of reference. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 εὐεργεσία | cc | high | |
| 5 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 πάντας | case | high | |
| 6 | πάντας | πᾶς | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Tot | 7 εὐεργεσία | obl | medium | With πρὸς; modifies an understood/elliptical object, while τοὺς Ἕλληνας specifies the group. |
| 7 | εὐεργεσία | εὐεργεσία | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Subject of ὑπῆρχε. |
| 8 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Ἕλληνας | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἕλληνας | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εὐεργεσία | obl | medium | Accusative with πρὸς in the sense of toward/regarding. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 εὐεργεσία | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὁπόσοι | ὁπόσος | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 18 ἐστρατεύοντο | nsubj | high | Free relative/relative quantifier, subject of ἐστρατεύοντο. |
| 12 | γὰρ | γάρ | ADV | CONJ | _ | 18 ἐστρατεύοντο | advmod | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 13 | μισθοῦ | μισθός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστρατεύοντο | obl | medium | Genitive of compensation/pay: for pay. |
| 14 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 Δαρείῳ | case | high | |
| 15 | Δαρείῳ | Δαρεῖος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστρατεύοντο | obl | high | Dative governed by παρά. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 σατράπαις | cc | high | |
| 17 | σατράπαις | σατράπης | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 Δαρείῳ | conj | high | Coordinated with Δαρείῳ under παρά. |
| 18 | ἐστρατεύοντο | στρατεύω | VERB | V-3IPI-P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 7 εὐεργεσία | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the ὁπόσοι relative clause. |
| 19 | Ἕλληνες | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἐστρατεύοντο | nsubj | high | Postposed appositional subject, clarifying ὁπόσοι. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 18 ἐστρατεύοντο | punct | high | |
| 21 | ἀνοικίσαι | ἀνοικίζω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 29 ἔφθη | xcomp | low | Aorist infinitive in compressed construction; understood subject is Alexander, with σφᾶς as its object/raised participant. |
| 22 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 21 ἀνοικίσαι | obj | high | Refers to the Greek mercenaries. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 25 Περσίδα | case | high | |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 Περσίδα | det | high | |
| 25 | Περσίδα | Περσίς | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἀνοικίσαι | obl | high | Destination of ἀνοικίσαι. |
| 26 | θελήσαντος | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-A GAPMSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἀνοικίσαι | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute with Ἀλεξάνδρου; form is θελήσαντος. |
| 27 | Ἀλεξάνδρου | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 θελήσαντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 28 | Λεωσθένης | Λεωσθένης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἔφθη | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔφθη. |
| 29 | ἔφθη | φθάνω | VERB | V-3API-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 7 εὐεργεσία | parataxis | medium | Aorist passive form; in context φθάνω conveys arriving/being beforehand, with the infinitive construction syntactically compressed. |
| 30 | κομίσας | κομίζω | VERB | V-AANSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 29 ἔφθη | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Λεωσθένης. |
| 31 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 30 κομίσας | obl | high | Means/instrument: by ships. |
| 32 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 34 Εὐρώπην | case | high | |
| 33 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 Εὐρώπην | det | high | |
| 34 | Εὐρώπην | Εὐρώπη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 κομίσας | obl | high | Destination of κομίσας. |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 29 ἔφθη | punct | high |
φρουρά τε Μακεδόνων ἐσῆλθεν Ἀθηναίοις, οἳ Μουνυχίαν, ὕστερον δὲ καὶ Πειραιᾶ καὶ τείχη μακρὰ ἔσχον.
The first clause has φρουρά as subject and ἐσῆλθεν as the root verb, with Μακεδόνων a genitive dependent on φρουρά and Ἀθηναίοις a dative of affected location/possession. The relative οἳ refers to Ἀθηναίοις and takes Μουνυχίαν, Πειραιᾶ, and τείχη μακρά as coordinated objects of ἔσχον; καί in token 12 coordinates the later objects/adverbial continuation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φρουρά | φρουρά | NOUN | N--SNA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐσῆλθεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 φρουρά | cc | high | Postpositive enclitic coordinator. |
| 3 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 φρουρά | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on φρουρά. |
| 4 | ἐσῆλθεν | εἰσέρχομαι | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐσῆλθεν | iobj | medium | Dative of affected party/location; syntactically associated with ἐσῆλθεν. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐσῆλθεν | punct | high | |
| 7 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἔσχον | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Ἀθηναίοις. |
| 8 | Μουνυχίαν | Μουνυχία | PROPN | N--SA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἔσχον | obj | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 Μουνυχίαν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | A--SNA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἔσχον | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘later’. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἔσχον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 Πειραιᾶ | cc | high | Coordinates Πειραιᾶ with the preceding object Μουνυχίαν. |
| 13 | Πειραιᾶ | Πειραιεύς | PROPN | N--SAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἔσχον | obj | medium | Proper-name accusative with contracted/irregular form; lemma normalization uncertain. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 τείχη | cc | high | Coordinates τείχη with the preceding object. |
| 15 | τείχη | τεῖχος | NOUN | N--NPA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἔσχον | obj | high | |
| 16 | μακρὰ | μακρός | ADJ | A--NPA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 τείχη | amod | high | |
| 17 | ἔσχον | ἔχω | VERB | V3PAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ἐσῆλθεν | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐσῆλθεν | punct | high |