Grammar parses for passage 1.29.11
Open translation for this passage
κεῖνται δὲ καὶ οἱ περὶ Κόρινθον πεσόντες·
The substantival participle οἱ ... πεσόντες is the plural masculine subject of κεῖνται; περὶ Κόρινθον is a prepositional adjunct modifying the fallen men.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κεῖνται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-PII-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Stative/deponent present meaning ‘lie’; passive morphology is not appropriate here. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 κεῖνται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 κεῖνται | cc | high | Additive coordinator/adverbial connective. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πεσόντες | det | high | Article substantivizing πεσόντες. |
| 5 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Κόρινθον | case | high | Preposition governing Κόρινθον. |
| 6 | Κόρινθον | Κόρινθος | PROPN | N-AFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πεσόντες | obl | high | Accusative object of περί in the sense ‘around Corinth’. |
| 7 | πεσόντες | πίπτω | VERB | V-2AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 κεῖνται | nsubj | high | Substantival aorist active participle, ‘those who fell’; subject of κεῖνται. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κεῖνται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐδήλωσε δὲ οὐχ ἥκιστα ὁ θεὸς ἐνταῦθα καὶ αὖθις ἐν Λεύκτροις τοὺς ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων καλουμένους ἀνδρείους τὸ μηδὲν ἄνευ Τύχης εἶναι, εἰ δὴ Λακεδαιμόνιοι, Κορινθίων τότε καὶ Ἀθηναίων, ἔτι δὲ καὶ Ἀργείων καὶ Βοιωτῶν κρατήσαντες, ὕστερον ὑπὸ Βοιωτῶν μόνων ἐν Λεύκτροις ἐς τοσοῦτον ἐκακώθησαν.
The infinitival content clause is coordinated with the object of δηλόω: the god showed that nothing is achieved without Fortune; the following εἰ-clause supplies the exemplifying evidence. The genitive peoples depend on κρατήσαντες.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐδήλωσε | δηλόω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐδήλωσε | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | PRT | Polarity=Neg | 4 ἥκιστα | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | ADV-SUP | Degree=Sup | 1 ἐδήλωσε | advmod | high | Superlative adverb with οὐχ: ‘not least’. |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 θεὸς | det | high | |
| 6 | θεὸς | θεός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐδήλωσε | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἐδήλωσε | advmod | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐνταῦθα | cc | high | Coordinates ἐνταῦθα and the following adverbial location phrase. |
| 9 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἐδήλωσε | advmod | high | |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 Λεύκτροις | case | high | |
| 11 | Λεύκτροις | Λεύκτρον | PROPN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἐδήλωσε | obl | high | Locative plural place-name. |
| 12 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἀνδρείους | det | high | |
| 13 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 Ἑλλήνων | case | high | |
| 14 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 καλουμένους | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive participle καλουμένους. |
| 15 | καλουμένους | καλέω | VERB | V-PPP-APM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 16 ἀνδρείους | acl:relcl | high | Passive participle modifying τοὺς ἀνδρείους. |
| 16 | ἀνδρείους | ἀνδρεῖος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 εἶναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitival clause, with τοὺς. |
| 17 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 μηδὲν | det | high | |
| 18 | μηδὲν | μηδείς | PRON | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 21 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter accusative: ‘nothing’. |
| 19 | ἄνευ | ἄνευ | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 Τύχης | case | high | |
| 20 | Τύχης | Τύχη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 μηδὲν | obl | high | Personified Fortune. |
| 21 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 ἀνδρείους | xcomp | high | Infinitive completing ἀνδρείους ... τὸ μηδὲν ... εἶναι. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 21 εἶναι | punct | high | |
| 23 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 48 ἐκακώθησαν | mark | high | Introduces the explanatory conditional clause. |
| 24 | δὴ | δή | PART | PRT | _ | 25 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | discourse | high | |
| 25 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 48 ἐκακώθησαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐκακώθησαν; nominative absolute-like participial construction follows. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 25 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | punct | high | |
| 27 | Κορινθίων | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 κρατήσαντες | obj | medium | Genitive object with κρατέω, coordinated with the following peoples. |
| 28 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | _ | 38 κρατήσαντες | advmod | high | |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 30 Ἀθηναίων | cc | high | |
| 30 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 Κορινθίων | conj | high | |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 38 κρατήσαντες | punct | high | |
| 32 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 38 κρατήσαντες | advmod | high | |
| 33 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 38 κρατήσαντες | cc | high | |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 Ἀργείων | cc | high | |
| 35 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 Κορινθίων | conj | high | |
| 36 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 37 Βοιωτῶν | cc | high | |
| 37 | Βοιωτῶν | Βοιωτός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 Ἀργείων | conj | high | |
| 38 | κρατήσαντες | κρατέω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 48 ἐκακώθησαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle: having defeated/held sway over the named peoples. |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 38 κρατήσαντες | punct | high | |
| 40 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | ADV | _ | 48 ἐκακώθησαν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, ‘later’. |
| 41 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 42 Βοιωτῶν | case | high | |
| 42 | Βοιωτῶν | Βοιωτός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 48 ἐκακώθησαν | obl:agent | high | Agent of passive ἐκακώθησαν. |
| 43 | μόνων | μόνος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 42 Βοιωτῶν | amod | high | Restrictive adjective modifying Βοιωτῶν. |
| 44 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 45 Λεύκτροις | case | high | |
| 45 | Λεύκτροις | Λεύκτρον | PROPN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 48 ἐκακώθησαν | obl | high | Locative place-name. |
| 46 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 47 τοσοῦτον | case | high | |
| 47 | τοσοῦτον | τοσοῦτος | PRON | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 48 ἐκακώθησαν | obl | high | Extent accusative governed by ἐς. |
| 48 | ἐκακώθησαν | κακόω | VERB | V-API-3P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 1 ἐδήλωσε | conj | high | Finite verb of the εἰ-clause, coordinated semantically with the main assertion. |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 48 ἐκακώθησαν | punct | high |
μετὰ δὲ τοὺς ἀποθανόντας ἐν Κορίνθῳ στήλην ἐπὶ τοῖσδε ἑστάναι τὴν αὐτὴν σημαίνει τὰ ἐλεγεῖα, τοῖς μὲν ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ καὶ Χίῳ τελευτήσασι, τοὺς δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐσχάτοις τῆς Ἀσιανῆς ἠπείρου διαφθαρῆναι δηλοῖ, τοὺς δὲ ἐν Σικελίᾳ.
The sentence contrasts two reporting constructions: σημαίνει with an accusative-and-infinitive (στήλην ... ἑστάναι), then δηλοῖ with διαφθαρῆναι; the final τοὺς ... ἐν Σικελίᾳ is an ellipted accusative group with the infinitive understood.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 ἀποθανόντας | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 σημαίνει | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἀποθανόντας | det | high | |
| 4 | ἀποθανόντας | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | VAAP-PAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 σημαίνει | obl | medium | Substantivized participle, object of μετά. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 6 Κορίνθῳ | case | high | |
| 6 | Κορίνθῳ | Κόρινθος | PROPN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀποθανόντας | obl | high | |
| 7 | στήλην | στήλη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἑστάναι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 9 τοῖσδε | case | high | |
| 9 | τοῖσδε | ὅδε | PRON | PD-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἑστάναι | obl | medium | Dative with ἑστάναι, probably indicating the inscription's subject/content. |
| 10 | ἑστάναι | ἵστημι | VERB | V-RAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 σημαίνει | ccomp | high | |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 αὐτὴν | det | high | |
| 12 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 στήλην | amod | high | Predicative/equative adjective modifying στήλην. |
| 13 | σημαίνει | σημαίνω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἐλεγεῖα | det | high | |
| 15 | ἐλεγεῖα | ἐλεγεῖον | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 σημαίνει | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 σημαίνει | punct | high | |
| 17 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 τελευτήσασι | det | high | |
| 18 | μὲν | μέν | PART | CONJ | _ | 23 τελευτήσασι | discourse | high | |
| 19 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 20 Εὐβοίᾳ | case | high | |
| 20 | Εὐβοίᾳ | Εὔβοια | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 τελευτήσασι | obl | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 Χίῳ | cc | high | |
| 22 | Χίῳ | Χίος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Εὐβοίᾳ | conj | high | |
| 23 | τελευτήσασι | τελευτάω | VERB | VAAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 34 δηλοῖ | obl | medium | Substantivized dative participle, coordinated with later accusative groups in the reported content. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 σημαίνει | punct | high | |
| 25 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 διαφθαρῆναι | det | high | |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 33 διαφθαρῆναι | cc | high | |
| 27 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 29 ἐσχάτοις | case | high | |
| 28 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 ἐσχάτοις | det | high | |
| 29 | ἐσχάτοις | ἔσχατος | ADJ | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 33 διαφθαρῆναι | obl | high | |
| 30 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 Ἀσιανῆς | det | high | |
| 31 | Ἀσιανῆς | Ἀσιανός | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ἠπείρου | amod | high | |
| 32 | ἠπείρου | ἤπειρος | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐσχάτοις | nmod | high | |
| 33 | διαφθαρῆναι | διαφθείρω | VERB | V-APR | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 34 δηλοῖ | ccomp | high | Infinitive governed by δηλοῖ. |
| 34 | δηλοῖ | δηλόω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 σημαίνει | conj | high | Second coordinated reporting verb. |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 δηλοῖ | punct | high | |
| 36 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 δηλοῖ | obj | medium | Accusative group with omitted/repeated infinitival predicate, likely διαφθαρῆναι. |
| 37 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 36 τοὺς | cc | high | |
| 38 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 39 Σικελίᾳ | case | high | |
| 39 | Σικελίᾳ | Σικελία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 τοὺς | obl | high | |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 σημαίνει | punct | high |