Grammar parses for passage 1.29.14
Open translation for this passage
φασὶ δὲ Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ Ῥωμαίοις ὅμορόν τινα πολεμοῦσι πόλεμον στρατιὰν οὐ πολλὴν πέμψαι, καὶ ὕστερον ναυμαχίας Ῥωμαίων πρὸς Καρχηδονίους γινομένης τριήρεις πέντε Ἀττικαὶ παρεγένοντο·
The first clause is syntactically loose: φασὶ introduces indirect content with dative participants and a complementary infinitive. The second clause contains a genitive absolute (ναυμαχίας Ῥωμαίων πρὸς Καρχηδονίους γινομένης) and a finite main verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φασὶ | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of indirect statement. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | P | _ | 1 φασὶ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | NOUN | NPM-NOM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 φασὶ | nsubj | high | Subject of φασὶ. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Ῥωμαίοις | cc | medium | Connects the dative argument with the following coordinated dative. |
| 5 | Ῥωμαίοις | Ῥωμαῖος | NOUN | NPM-DAT | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 πολεμοῦσι | obl | medium | Likely dative with πολεμοῦσι; coordination with Ἀθηναῖοι is stylistically loose. |
| 6 | ὅμορόν | ὅμορος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πόλεμον | amod | medium | Modifies πόλεμον. |
| 7 | τινα | τις | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 9 πόλεμον | det | medium | Indefinite modifier of πόλεμον. |
| 8 | πολεμοῦσι | πολεμέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 φασὶ | ccomp | medium | Content clause complement of φασὶ; subject construed from Ἀθηναῖοι/Ῥωμαίοις. |
| 9 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πέμψαι | obj | high | Direct object of πέμψαι. |
| 10 | στρατιὰν | στρατιά | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 πέμψαι | obj | medium | Second accusative; likely appositional/complementary object with πόλεμον. |
| 11 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PRT-N | _ | 12 πολλὴν | advmod | high | Negates πολλὴν. |
| 12 | πολλὴν | πολύς | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 στρατιὰν | amod | high | Modifies στρατιὰν. |
| 13 | πέμψαι | πέμπω | VERB | V-AAI | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 πολεμοῦσι | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on πολεμοῦσι. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φασὶ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 παρεγένοντο | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause with the first. |
| 16 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D | _ | 25 παρεγένοντο | advmod | high | Temporal modifier of παρεγένοντο. |
| 17 | ναυμαχίας | ναυμαχία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 γινομένης | obl | high | Genitive absolute phrase with γινομένης. |
| 18 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ναυμαχίας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ναυμαχίας. |
| 19 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 20 Καρχηδονίους | case | high | Preposition. |
| 20 | Καρχηδονίους | Καρχηδόνιος | NOUN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 γινομένης | obl | high | Object of πρὸς within the genitive absolute. |
| 21 | γινομένης | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PMP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 25 παρεγένοντο | advcl | high | Participle forming a genitive absolute with ναυμαχίας. |
| 22 | τριήρεις | τριήρης | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 παρεγένοντο | nsubj | medium | Subject of παρεγένοντο; accusative form may reflect orthographic/metrical variation for nominative in transmitted text. |
| 23 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | M-N | NumType=Card | 22 τριήρεις | nummod | high | Numeral modifying τριήρεις. |
| 24 | Ἀττικαὶ | Ἀττικός | ADJ | A-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 τριήρεις | amod | medium | Modifies τριήρεις. |
| 25 | παρεγένοντο | παραγίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 παρεγένοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἔστιν οὖν καὶ τούτοις ἐνταῦθα τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ὁ τάφος.
Existential/copular clause with τάφος as the subject/predicate nominal and ἔστιν as copula; the dative phrase marks the associated group/location.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 τάφος | cop | high | Copular verb. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | part | _ | 1 ἔστιν | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | conj | _ | 4 τούτοις | cc | high | Connects coordinated dative phrases. |
| 4 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-p---d- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 7 ἀνδράσιν | det | medium | Likely demonstrative modifying ἀνδράσιν; gender may be common/masc in context. |
| 5 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | d-------- | _ | 9 τάφος | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | l-p---dd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 ἀνδράσιν | det | high | Article with ἀνδράσιν. |
| 7 | ἀνδράσιν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | n-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 τάφος | obl | high | Dative plural object of location/association. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 τάφος | det | high | Article with τάφος. |
| 9 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate nominal in an existential clause. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 τάφος | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
Τολμίδου δὲ καὶ τῶν σὺν αὐτῷ δεδήλωται μὲν ἤδη μοι τὰ ἔργα καὶ ὅν τρόπον ἐτελεύτησαν· ἴστω δὲ ὅτῳ φίλον κειμένους σφᾶς κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν ταύτην.
The syntax is partly elliptical in the second clause: ἴστω governs an impersonal/predicative construction with φίλον and a participial complement κειμένους, and ὅτῳ is somewhat uncertain in function.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τολμίδου | Τολμίδης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 δεδήλωται | nsubj:pass | high | Genitive subject of the passive perfect form. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 7 δεδήλωται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 1 Τολμίδου | cc | medium | Likely coordinates Τολμίδου with τῶν σὺν αὐτῷ as a genitive phrase. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἔργα | det | high | Article modifying ἔργα. |
| 5 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | _ | _ | 6 αὐτῷ | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτῷ. |
| 6 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 σὺν | fixed | medium | Object of σύν. |
| 7 | δεδήλωται | δηλόω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause verbal root. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 7 δεδήλωται | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 9 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | _ | _ | 7 δεδήλωται | advmod | high | Adverb modifying δεδήλωται. |
| 10 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 7 δεδήλωται | iobj | high | Dative of interest/recipient. |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ἔργα | det | high | Article modifying ἔργα. |
| 12 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 δεδήλωται | obj | high | Object of δεδήλωται in reported content. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 ἔργα | cc | high | Joins ἔργα and the following clause/content. |
| 14 | ὅν | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 15 τρόπον | det | medium | Relative modifier of τρόπον. |
| 15 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐτελεύτησαν | obl | high | Adverbial accusative with ἐτελεύτησαν. |
| 16 | ἐτελεύτησαν | τελευτάω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 δεδήλωται | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate under the reporting frame. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 δεδήλωται | punct | high | Sentence break punctuation. |
| 18 | ἴστω | οἶδα | VERB | _ | Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperatival form; lemma/morphology somewhat uncertain for this usage. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 18 ἴστω | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 20 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 21 φίλον | obl | low | Likely dative with φίλον in an impersonal construction; form is interpreted as relative/indefinite pronoun. |
| 21 | φίλον | φίλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἴστω | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective in impersonal phrase 'to whom it is pleasing'. Case assignment uncertain. |
| 22 | κειμένους | κεῖμαι | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 18 ἴστω | ccomp | medium | Participial clause depending on imperative ἴστω. |
| 23 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 22 κειμένους | obj | high | Object of κειμένους. |
| 24 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 26 ὁδὸν | case | high | Preposition governing ὁδόν. |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ὁδὸν | det | high | Article modifying ὁδόν. |
| 26 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 κειμένους | obl | high | Adverbial phrase with participle κειμένους. |
| 27 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 26 ὁδὸν | det | high | Demonstrative modifying ὁδόν. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἴστω | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
κεῖνται δὲ καὶ οἱ σὺν Κίμωνι τὸ μέγα ἔργον ἐπὶ τῇ πεζῇ καὶ ναυσὶν αὐθημερὸν κρατήσαντες·
The main difficulty is the participial phrase: οἱ ... κρατήσαντες is the subject of κεῖνται, with ἔργον as the participle’s object and the prepositional phrases indicating means/instrument or sphere.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κεῖνται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-3PPMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 κεῖνται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 οἱ | cc | high | Connects the subject phrase with an implied coordinated element. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA--MP--N | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 κεῖνται | nsubj | high | Definite article functioning as substantivizer for the participial subject. |
| 5 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Κίμωνι | case | high | Preposition governing Κίμωνι. |
| 6 | Κίμωνι | Κίμων | PROPN | N-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 οἱ | nmod | high | Object of σύν. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA--NS--N | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἔργον | det | high | Article modifying ἔργον. |
| 8 | μέγα | μέγας | ADJ | A-NS-? | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἔργον | amod | medium | Could be read as acc. sg. neut. agreeing with ἔργον; form is syncretic. |
| 9 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-S---NN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 κρατήσαντες | obj | high | Object of the participle κρατήσαντες. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 πεζῇ | case | high | Preposition governing πεζῇ. |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA--DS--N | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 πεζῇ | det | high | Article modifying πεζῇ. |
| 12 | πεζῇ | πεζός | ADJ | A-DS-? | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 κρατήσαντες | obl | medium | Likely substantive/adjectival use with ἐπί, 'by land/on foot'; morphology inferred. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ναυσὶν | cc | high | Connects coordinated instrumental phrase. |
| 14 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-P---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 κρατήσαντες | obl | high | Instrumental/dative complement to the participle. |
| 15 | αὐθημερὸν | αὐθημερόν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 κρατήσαντες | advmod | high | Adverb modifying κρατήσαντες. |
| 16 | κρατήσαντες | κρατέω | VERB | V-AAP-AMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 κεῖνται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with οἱ. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κεῖνται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |