Grammar parses for passage 1.29.14
Open translation for this passage
φασὶ δὲ Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ Ῥωμαίοις ὅμορόν τινα πολεμοῦσι πόλεμον στρατιὰν οὐ πολλὴν πέμψαι, καὶ ὕστερον ναυμαχίας Ῥωμαίων πρὸς Καρχηδονίους γινομένης τριήρεις πέντε Ἀττικαὶ παρεγένοντο·
The first infinitival complement depends on φασί; the second clause is coordinated, with a genitive absolute ναυμαχίας ... γινομένης. The final phrase contains apparent case irregularity: τριήρεις is accusative although παρεγένοντο normally takes a nominative subject, and Ἀττικαὶ is nominative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φασὶ | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 φασὶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 φασὶ | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Ῥωμαίοις | cc | high | |
| 5 | Ῥωμαίοις | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 πολεμοῦσι | obl | medium | Dative with πολεμοῦσι, ‘fighting the Romans’; καί coordinates this dative participant with the Athenians as understood subject. |
| 6 | ὅμορόν | ὅμορος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πόλεμον | amod | high | |
| 7 | τινα | τις | PRON | X-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 9 πόλεμον | det | high | |
| 8 | πολεμοῦσι | πολεμέω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 πόλεμον | acl | high | |
| 9 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πέμψαι | obj | high | |
| 10 | στρατιὰν | στρατιά | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 πέμψαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive πέμψαι. |
| 11 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 πολλὴν | advmod | high | |
| 12 | πολλὴν | πολύς | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 στρατιὰν | amod | high | |
| 13 | πέμψαι | πέμπω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 φασὶ | ccomp | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 πέμψαι | punct | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 παρεγένοντο | cc | high | |
| 16 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | ADV | _ | 25 παρεγένοντο | advmod | high | |
| 17 | ναυμαχίας | ναυμαχία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 γινομένης | nsubj | medium | Genitive absolute with γινομένης. |
| 18 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 Καρχηδονίους | nmod | high | |
| 19 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 Καρχηδονίους | case | high | |
| 20 | Καρχηδονίους | Καρχηδόνιος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ναυμαχίας | nmod | high | Object of πρός within the ναυμαχία phrase. |
| 21 | γινομένης | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PMP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 16 ὕστερον | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 22 | τριήρεις | τριήρης | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 παρεγένοντο | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of παρεγένοντο only in a semantically irregular/elliptical construction; likely nominative form expected. |
| 23 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | NUM | NumType=Card | 22 τριήρεις | nummod | high | |
| 24 | Ἀττικαὶ | Ἀττικός | ADJ | A-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 τριήρεις | amod | low | Form is nominative plural, while τριήρεις is accusative plural; likely tokenization/textual case inconsistency. |
| 25 | παρεγένοντο | παραγίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 1 φασὶ | conj | high | |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 παρεγένοντο | punct | high |
ἔστιν οὖν καὶ τούτοις ἐνταῦθα τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ὁ τάφος.
Existential εἰμί takes τάφος as subject; τούτοις ... τοῖς ἀνδράσιν is a dative of reference/association, with ἐνταῦθα as locative adverb. The postposed subject is nominative singular masculine.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 τάφος | cop | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἔστιν | discourse | high | Logical connective; UD relation often tagged discourse. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 τούτοις | cc | high | Coordinates/emphasizes the dative phrase. |
| 4 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | D-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 7 ἀνδράσιν | det | high | Demonstrative agrees with τοῖς ἀνδράσιν. |
| 5 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | PronType=Dem | 1 ἔστιν | advmod | high | |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 ἀνδράσιν | det | high | |
| 7 | ἀνδράσιν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἔστιν | obl | medium | Dative of reference/association; τούτοις is its demonstrative determiner. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 τάφος | det | high | |
| 9 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Postposed nominative subject of existential εἰμί. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 9 τάφος | punct | high |
Τολμίδου δὲ καὶ τῶν σὺν αὐτῷ δεδήλωται μὲν ἤδη μοι τὰ ἔργα καὶ ὅν τρόπον ἐτελεύτησαν· ἴστω δὲ ὅτῳ φίλον κειμένους σφᾶς κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν ταύτην.
The first clause has a genitive topic phrase (Τολμίδου ... τῶν σὺν αὐτῷ) with δεδήλωται as the impersonal/main verb and coordinated objects τὰ ἔργα and ὅν τρόπον. In the final clause, ἴστω is imperative; ὅτῳ φίλον is an idiomatic dative phrase (‘whoever wishes/pleases’), with κειμένους σφᾶς as its accusative subject/object construction under φίλον understood as ‘let it be pleasing’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τολμίδου | Τολμίδης | PROPN | N--GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 δεδήλωται | nmod | high | Genitive topic/name dependent on δεδήλωται. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 δεδήλωται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 τῶν | cc | high | Coordinates the genitive phrases. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 δεδήλωται | nmod | high | Article introducing the substantival participial phrase. |
| 5 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 αὐτῷ | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτῷ. |
| 6 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 4 τῶν | nmod | high | Dative complement of σύν; phrase means ‘those with him’. |
| 7 | δεδήλωται | δηλόω | VERB | V-RMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect middle/passive indicative, main verb. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 δεδήλωται | discourse | high | Correlative particle, with δέ in the following clause. |
| 9 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 δεδήλωται | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 10 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DS--- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 7 δεδήλωται | iobj | high | Dative of personal reference (‘to me’). |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-APN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ἔργα | det | high | Article agreeing with ἔργα. |
| 12 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | N-APN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 δεδήλωται | obj | high | First accusative object of δεδήλωται. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 τρόπον | cc | high | Coordinates the second object phrase. |
| 14 | ὅν | ὅς | PRON | P-ASM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 15 τρόπον | det | medium | Relative-form adjective agreeing with τρόπον; often functioning as an interrogative-like ‘what’ in this phrase. |
| 15 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | N-ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 δεδήλωται | obj | high | Accusative manner phrase, coordinated with τὰ ἔργα. |
| 16 | ἐτελεύτησαν | τελευτάω | VERB | V-2AAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 15 τρόπον | acl:relcl | high | Finite clause describing the manner in which they ended/died; subject is understood from context. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 δεδήλωται | punct | high | |
| 18 | ἴστω | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAM-3S- | Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 δεδήλωται | parataxis | high | Third-person perfect imperative, ‘let it be known/let him know’; new main clause. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἴστω | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 20 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | P-DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 21 φίλον | obl | medium | Indefinite-relative dative in the idiom ὅτῳ φίλον, ‘to whoever it is pleasing’. |
| 21 | φίλον | φίλος | ADJ | A-NSN-- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἴστω | xcomp | medium | Neuter predicate adjective in an impersonal/elliptical expression; agreement and exact attachment are syntactically uncertain. |
| 22 | κειμένους | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-PMPA-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 23 σφᾶς | amod | high | Present middle/passive participle, agreeing with σφᾶς. |
| 23 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3AP--- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 18 ἴστω | obj | medium | Reflexive/third-person plural accusative; object or accusative subject of the elliptical final construction. |
| 24 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 ὁδὸν | case | high | Preposition governing τὴν ὁδόν. |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ὁδὸν | det | high | Article agreeing with ὁδόν. |
| 26 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | N-ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 κειμένους | obl | high | Prepositional locative/path phrase modifying κειμένους. |
| 27 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | A-ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 26 ὁδὸν | det | high | Demonstrative agreeing with ὁδόν. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἴστω | punct | high |
κεῖνται δὲ καὶ οἱ σὺν Κίμωνι τὸ μέγα ἔργον ἐπὶ τῇ πεζῇ καὶ ναυσὶν αὐθημερὸν κρατήσαντες·
The article οἱ substantivizes κρατήσαντες; the participial group is the subject of κεῖνται, with coordinated dative circumstances under ἐπί (πεζῇ) and its elliptical counterpart ναυσίν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κεῖνται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-3PPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Intransitive/passive-form verb, ‘lie’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 κεῖνται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 κεῖνται | cc | high | Coordinates this clause with preceding context. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 κρατήσαντες | det | high | Substantivizing article with the participle. |
| 5 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Κίμωνι | case | high | |
| 6 | Κίμωνι | Κίμων | PROPN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 κρατήσαντες | obl | high | Dative governed by σύν. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἔργον | det | high | |
| 8 | μέγα | μέγας | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἔργον | amod | high | |
| 9 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 κρατήσαντες | obj | high | Object of κρατήσαντες: ‘the great deed’. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 πεζῇ | case | high | With dative, indicating the land/army side. |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 πεζῇ | det | high | |
| 12 | πεζῇ | πεζός | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 κρατήσαντες | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘on land’. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ναυσὶν | cc | high | |
| 14 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 κρατήσαντες | obl | high | Dative coordinated with πεζῇ; elliptical ἐπί. |
| 15 | αὐθημερὸν | αὐθήμερον | ADV | ADV | _ | 16 κρατήσαντες | advmod | high | ‘On the same day’. |
| 16 | κρατήσαντες | κρατέω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 1 κεῖνται | nsubj | high | Aorist active participle, with οἱ forming the subject: those who prevailed. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κεῖνται | punct | high |