Grammar parses for passage 1.32.3
Open translation for this passage
πρὶν δὲ ἢ τῶν νήσων ἐς ἀφήγησιν τραπέσθαι, τὰ ἐς τοὺς δήμους ἔχοντα αὖθις ἐπέξειμι.
The temporal construction πρὶν ἢ + infinitive means “before turning to an account of the islands”; τὰ ἐς τοὺς δήμους ἔχοντα is a substantive neuter plural participial phrase, object of ἐπέξειμι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 8 τραπέσθαι | mark | high | Temporal subordinator governing the infinitival clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἐπέξειμι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 τραπέσθαι | cc | medium | Part of the πρὶν ἢ temporal construction. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T---GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 νήσων | det | high | |
| 5 | νήσων | νῆσος | NOUN | N---GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἀφήγησιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀφήγησιν. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P---A | _ | 7 ἀφήγησιν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative ἀφήγησιν. |
| 7 | ἀφήγησιν | ἀφήγησις | NOUN | N---ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 τραπέσθαι | obl | high | Accusative object of the preposition, specifying the account being undertaken. |
| 8 | τραπέσθαι | τρέπω | VERB | V--AMN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 16 ἐπέξειμι | advcl | high | Aorist middle infinitive in the πρὶν ἢ temporal clause; subject is understood as the author. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐπέξειμι | punct | high | |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T---NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἔχοντα | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle phrase. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P---A | _ | 13 δήμους | case | high | Preposition governing τοὺς δήμους. |
| 12 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 δήμους | det | high | |
| 13 | δήμους | δῆμος | NOUN | N---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἔχοντα | obl | high | Object of ἐς within the participial phrase. |
| 14 | ἔχοντα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAPNPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἐπέξειμι | obj | high | Substantivized neuter plural present participle, object of ἐπέξειμι. |
| 15 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 ἐπέξειμι | advmod | high | Adverb meaning again/back. |
| 16 | ἐπέξειμι | ἐπέξειμι | VERB | V-PAI-1S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb: I proceed to discuss/go through. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐπέξειμι | punct | high |
δῆμός ἐστι Μαραθὼν ἴσον τῆς πόλεως τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἀπέχων καὶ Καρύστου τῆς ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ·
Copular sentence: Μαραθών is the subject/predicate nominative with ἐστι; ἴσον governs genitives of equal distance, while ἀπέχων coordinates the two destinations. The second τῆς is an attributive article with an elliptical τόπου/πόλεως understood and ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ is locative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δῆμός | δῆμος | NOUN | N--MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Μαραθὼν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V--PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 Μαραθὼν | cop | high | Present copula; orthographic form for ἐστί. |
| 3 | Μαραθὼν | Μαραθών | PROPN | N--MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate nominative/name of the deme. |
| 4 | ἴσον | ἴσος | ADJ | A--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπέχων | advmod | medium | Adverbial neuter accusative/nominative form meaning ‘equally’; exact traditional analysis is uncertain. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S--GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 πόλεως | det | high | |
| 6 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N--GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἴσον | obl | high | Genitive with ἴσον, expressing comparison/distance. |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S--GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Ἀθηναίων | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 πόλεως | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πόλεως. |
| 9 | ἀπέχων | ἀπέχω | VERB | V--PAPMSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 Μαραθὼν | acl | high | Circumstantial/participial predicate agreeing with Μαραθών. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 Καρύστου | cc | high | |
| 11 | Καρύστου | Κάρυστος | PROPN | N--GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπέχων | obl | high | Genitive destination/comparison coordinated with πόλεως. |
| 12 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S--GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Καρύστου | det | medium | Likely article with an elliptical feminine noun (‘the [city/place] in Euboea’). |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 Εὐβοίᾳ | case | high | |
| 14 | Εὐβοίᾳ | Εὔβοια | PROPN | N--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Καρύστου | nmod | high | Locative complement identifying Karystos. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 Μαραθὼν | punct | high |
ταύτῃ τῆς Ἀττικῆς ἔσχον οἱ βάρβαροι καὶ μάχῃ τε ἐκρατήθησαν καί τινας ὡς ἀνήγοντο ἀπώλεσαν τῶν νεῶν.
The sentence has coordinated predicates: the barbarians gained possession of this part of Attica, were defeated in battle, and destroyed some ships while they were putting out; τῶν νεῶν is a partitive genitive with τινας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | PD-Dat-Sg-F | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἔσχον | obl | high | Dative of means or place: 'in/by this part'. |
| 2 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-Gsf | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀττικῆς | det | high | |
| 3 | Ἀττικῆς | Ἀττική | PROPN | N-Gsf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing | 4 ἔσχον | obj | medium | Genitive with ἔχω, 'possess/hold part of Attica'. |
| 4 | ἔσχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-AIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-Npm | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 βάρβαροι | det | high | |
| 6 | βάρβαροι | βάρβαρος | NOUN | N-Npm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἔσχον | nsubj | high | Shared subject of the coordinated finite verbs. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐκρατήθησαν | cc | high | Coordinates ἐκρατήθησαν with ἔσχον. |
| 8 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DSf | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐκρατήθησαν | obl | high | Dative of respect/circumstance, 'in battle'. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐκρατήθησαν | cc | high | Enclitic coordinator, linking the second and third predicates. |
| 10 | ἐκρατήθησαν | κρατέω | VERB | V-AIP-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 4 ἔσχον | conj | high | Coordinated with ἔσχον; subject οἱ βάρβαροι. |
| 11 | καί | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἀπώλεσαν | cc | high | Coordinates ἀπώλεσαν with the preceding predicate. |
| 12 | τινας | τις | PRON | PI-Apm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 15 ἀπώλεσαν | obj | high | Object of ἀπώλεσαν, modified by partitive τῶν νεῶν. |
| 13 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CS-------- | _ | 14 ἀνήγοντο | mark | medium | Temporal conjunction, 'as/when'. |
| 14 | ἀνήγοντο | ἀνάγω | VERB | V-IIM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 15 ἀπώλεσαν | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate clause with shared subject. |
| 15 | ἀπώλεσαν | ἀπόλλυμι | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ἔσχον | conj | high | Third coordinated predicate. |
| 16 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA-Gpf | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 νεῶν | det | high | |
| 17 | νεῶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-Gpf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 τινας | nmod | high | Partitive genitive: 'some of the ships'. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔσχον | punct | high |
τάφος δὲ ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ Ἀθηναίων ἐστίν, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτῷ στῆλαι τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἀποθανόντων κατὰ φυλὰς ἑκάστων ἔχουσαι, καὶ ἕτερος Πλαταιεῦσι Βοιωτῶν καὶ δούλοις·
The second clause is elliptical: στῆλαι and ἕτερος are coordinated nominal continuations with an understood existential/locative construction; ἕτερος is understood as another τάφος despite masculine agreement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστίν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐστίν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 πεδίῳ | case | high | |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 πεδίῳ | det | high | |
| 5 | πεδίῳ | πεδίον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστίν | obl | high | |
| 6 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 τάφος | nmod | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective, ‘of the Athenians’. |
| 7 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστίν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 αὐτῷ | case | high | Here with dative: upon/on it. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 στῆλαι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 11 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 12 στῆλαι | obl | medium | Refers to τάφος; masculine agreement is compatible with τάφος. |
| 12 | στῆλαι | στήλη | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | parataxis | medium | Elliptical second clause, with ἐπί understood as ‘upon the tomb there are stelae’; coordinated continuation of the first clause. |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ὀνόματα | det | high | |
| 14 | ὀνόματα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἔχουσαι | obj | high | Subject accusative-like object of ἔχουσαι in the sense ‘bearing the names’. |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἀποθανόντων | det | high | |
| 16 | ἀποθανόντων | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-2AAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ὀνόματα | nmod | high | Substantivized participle, ‘of those who died’. |
| 17 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 φυλὰς | case | high | |
| 18 | φυλὰς | φυλή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ἔχουσαι | obl | high | Distribution by tribes. |
| 19 | ἑκάστων | ἕκαστος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἀποθανόντων | nmod | medium | Likely ‘of each [tribe]’; agreement and attachment are somewhat elliptical. |
| 20 | ἔχουσαι | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 στῆλαι | acl | high | Participial modifier of στῆλαι. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 στῆλαι | punct | high | |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 ἕτερος | cc | high | |
| 23 | ἕτερος | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 στῆλαι | conj | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘another [tomb]’; masculine agreement follows understood τάφος. |
| 24 | Πλαταιεῦσι | Πλαταιεύς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἕτερος | obl | medium | Dative of reference/association: for the Plataeans. |
| 25 | Βοιωτῶν | Βοιωτός | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 Πλαταιεῦσι | nmod | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective, ‘of the Boeotians’. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 δούλοις | cc | high | |
| 27 | δούλοις | δοῦλος | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἕτερος | conj | high | Coordinated dative complement: and for the slaves. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 στῆλαι | punct | high |
ἐμαχέσαντο γὰρ καὶ δοῦλοι τότε πρῶτον.
Simple clause: δοῦλοι is nominative subject of ἐμαχέσαντο; τότε πρῶτον jointly mark the time and inaugural nature of the action.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐμαχέσαντο | μάχομαι | VERB | V-AI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐμαχέσαντο | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 δοῦλοι | cc | high | Coordinates δοῦλοι with an understood preceding participant/group. |
| 4 | δοῦλοι | δοῦλος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 1 ἐμαχέσαντο | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἐμαχέσαντο | advmod | high | |
| 6 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 1 ἐμαχέσαντο | advmod | high | Neuter accusative used adverbially: ‘for the first time’. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐμαχέσαντο | punct | high |