Grammar parses for passage 1.36.6
Open translation for this passage
ὡς δὲ καὶ ἐξ Αἰγύπτου καὶ Μυσίας καὶ παρὰ τῶν Κρητῶν τὰ πολλὰ ὑστέριζον αἱ βοήθειαι, Ῥόδιοι δὲ μόναις ναυσὶν ἰσχύοντες πρὸς ὁπλίτας τοὺς Μακεδόνας οὐ μεγάλα ὠφέλουν, ἐνταῦθα Κηφισόδωρος ἐς Ἰταλίαν σὺν ἄλλοις Ἀθηναίων πλεύσας ἱκέτευεν ἀμῦναι Ῥωμαίους·
Concessive ὡς-clause: βοήθειαι is the subject of ὑστέριζον, with coordinated source phrases; Ῥόδιοι is a contrasting subject, and the main clause culminates in Κηφισόδωρος ἱκέτευεν with infinitival complement ἀμῦναι. The idiom μόναις ναυσὶν means 'relying only on ships'; ὠφέλουν has an understood object referring to the Athenian aid/war effort, while ἀμῦναι takes Ῥωμαίους as object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | PronType=Rel | 14 ὑστέριζον | mark | high | Introduces the concessive subordinate clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ὑστέριζον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἐξ | cc | high | Coordinates the source phrases. |
| 4 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Αἰγύπτου | case | high | Preposition governing Αἰγύπτου. |
| 5 | Αἰγύπτου | Αἴγυπτος | PROPN | N-PRI-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ὑστέριζον | obl | high | Source complement of ὑστέριζον. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 Μυσίας | cc | high | Coordinates Μυσίας with the preceding source. |
| 7 | Μυσίας | Μυσία | PROPN | N-PRI-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ὑστέριζον | obl | high | Coordinated source complement. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 παρὰ | cc | high | Coordinates the παρά phrase. |
| 9 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 Κρητῶν | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 Κρητῶν | det | high | Article modifying Κρητῶν. |
| 11 | Κρητῶν | Κρής | PROPN | N-PRI-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ὑστέριζον | obl | high | Source expressed with παρά and genitive. |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 πολλὰ | det | high | Article substantivizing πολλὰ. |
| 13 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ὑστέριζον | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative: 'for the most part'. |
| 14 | ὑστέριζον | ὑστερίζω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 29 ὠφέλουν | advcl | high | Finite verb of the ὡς subordinate clause. |
| 15 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 βοήθειαι | det | high | Article modifying βοήθειαι. |
| 16 | βοήθειαι | βοήθεια | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ὑστέριζον | nsubj | high | Subject of ὑστέριζον. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ὠφέλουν | punct | high | |
| 18 | Ῥόδιοι | Ῥόδιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ὠφέλουν | nsubj | high | Contrasting subject of ὠφέλουν. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 29 ὠφέλουν | cc | high | Contrasts the Rhodians with the delayed aid. |
| 20 | μόναις | μόνος | ADJ | A-DPF | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 ναυσὶν | amod | high | Agrees with ναυσὶν; 'only'. |
| 21 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 ἰσχύοντες | obl | high | Dative of means with ἰσχύοντες. |
| 22 | ἰσχύοντες | ἰσχύω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 29 ὠφέλουν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying Ῥόδιοι. |
| 23 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 ὁπλίτας | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 24 | ὁπλίτας | ὁπλίτης | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἰσχύοντες | obl | high | Object of hostile/against phrase with ἰσχύοντες. |
| 25 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 Μακεδόνας | det | high | Article modifying Μακεδόνας. |
| 26 | Μακεδόνας | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ὁπλίτας | nmod | high | Specifies the hoplites. |
| 27 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 29 ὠφέλουν | advmod | high | Negates ὠφέλουν. |
| 28 | μεγάλα | μέγας | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 ὠφέλουν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative: 'not much'. |
| 29 | ὠφέλουν | ὠφελέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 39 ἱκέτευεν | advcl | medium | Coordinates with the preceding concessive circumstance; object is understood from context. |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 39 ἱκέτευεν | punct | high | |
| 31 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 39 ἱκέτευεν | advmod | high | Locative/discourse adverb: 'then/thereupon'. |
| 32 | Κηφισόδωρος | Κηφισόδωρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 ἱκέτευεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἱκέτευεν. |
| 33 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 34 Ἰταλίαν | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 34 | Ἰταλίαν | Ἰταλία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 πλεύσας | obl | high | Goal of motion with πλεύσας. |
| 35 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | PREP | _ | 36 ἄλλοις | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 36 | ἄλλοις | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 πλεύσας | obl | high | Substantival dative: 'with others'. |
| 37 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 ἄλλοις | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on substantival ἄλλοις: other Athenians. |
| 38 | πλεύσας | πλέω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 39 ἱκέτευεν | advcl | high | Anterior participle with Κηφισόδωρος as understood subject. |
| 39 | ἱκέτευεν | ἱκετεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 40 | ἀμῦναι | ἀμύνω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 39 ἱκέτευεν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἱκέτευεν. |
| 41 | Ῥωμαίους | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 ἀμῦναι | obj | high | Object of ἀμῦναι. |
| 42 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 39 ἱκέτευεν | punct | high |
οἱ δέ σφισι δύναμιν καὶ στρατηγὸν πέμπουσιν, οἳ τὰ Φιλίππου καὶ Μακεδόνων ἐς τοσοῦτο καθεῖλον ὡς ὕστερον Περσέα τὸν Φιλίππου τήν τε ἀρχὴν ἀποβαλεῖν καὶ αὐτὸν αἰχμάλωτον ἐς Ἰταλίαν ἀχθῆναι.
Relative οἳ refers to the sent δύναμιν καὶ στρατηγόν (or the senders' contingent/commander) and governs καθεῖλον; ὡς introduces the consecutive result, with infinitives ἀποβαλεῖν and ἀχθῆναι coordinated under an implied subject Περσέα. The first οἱ is the nominative subject of πέμπουσιν; σφισι is dative of recipient/interest.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πέμπουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 πέμπουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P----DPM- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 7 πέμπουσιν | iobj | high | Reflexive/third-person plural dative form. |
| 4 | δύναμιν | δύναμις | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πέμπουσιν | obj | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 στρατηγὸν | cc | high | |
| 6 | στρατηγὸν | στρατηγός | NOUN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 δύναμιν | conj | high | Coordinated with δύναμιν; both are objects of πέμπουσιν. |
| 7 | πέμπουσιν | πέμπω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 πέμπουσιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 καθεῖλον | nsubj | medium | Relative subject; antecedent is most naturally the dispatched force and commander collectively. |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T--APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 Φιλίππου | det | high | |
| 11 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | Ne--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 καθεῖλον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τὰ, with Μακεδόνων coordinated below. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 Μακεδόνων | cc | high | |
| 13 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | Ne--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Φιλίππου | conj | high | |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 τοσοῦτο | case | high | |
| 15 | τοσοῦτο | τοσοῦτος | DET | A--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 καθεῖλον | obl | medium | Correlative degree expression with the following ὡς clause. |
| 16 | καθεῖλον | καθαιρέω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 7 πέμπουσιν | acl:relcl | high | Aorist active, relative-clause predicate. |
| 17 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 ἀποβαλεῖν | mark | medium | Consecutive/result conjunction after τοσοῦτο; attachment represented on the first infinitive. |
| 18 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 25 ἀποβαλεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 19 | Περσέα | Περσεύς | PROPN | Ne--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἀποβαλεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitival result construction. |
| 20 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Φιλίππου | det | high | |
| 21 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | Ne--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Περσέα | appos | high | Appositional identification of Περσέα. |
| 22 | τήν | ὁ | DET | T--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἀρχὴν | det | high | |
| 23 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 ἀποβαλεῖν | cc | high | Correlative coordinator in τήν τε ... καὶ. |
| 24 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἀποβαλεῖν | obj | high | Object of ἀποβαλεῖν. |
| 25 | ἀποβαλεῖν | ἀποβάλλω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 καθεῖλον | xcomp | high | First coordinated result infinitive. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 31 ἀχθῆναι | cc | high | |
| 27 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P--ASM3- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 31 ἀχθῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of ἀχθῆναι, coreferential with Περσέα. |
| 28 | αἰχμάλωτον | αἰχμάλωτος | ADJ | A--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἀχθῆναι | xcomp | high | Predicate complement of the passive infinitive. |
| 29 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 30 Ἰταλίαν | case | high | |
| 30 | Ἰταλίαν | Ἰταλία | PROPN | Ne--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ἀχθῆναι | obl | high | |
| 31 | ἀχθῆναι | ἄγω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 25 ἀποβαλεῖν | conj | high | Second result infinitive, coordinated with ἀποβαλεῖν. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 πέμπουσιν | punct | high |
Φίλιππος δὲ ἦν οὗτος ὁ Δημητρίου· πρῶτος γὰρ ταύτης τῆς οἰκίας ἔσχε Δημήτριος τὴν Μακεδόνων ἀρχὴν ἀποκτείνας Ἀλέξανδρον τὸν Κασσάνδρου παῖδα, ὡς τὰ πρότερον ἔχει μοι τοῦ λόγου.
The first clause identifies Philip as Demetrius' descendant/son; in the second clause Δημήτριος is subject of ἔσχε, with ἀποκτείνας as a circumstantial participle. The final ὡς-clause is parenthetical and refers back to the earlier exposition; τοῦ λόγου is a genitive dependent on πρότερον understood adverbially or on the preceding account.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φίλιππος | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἦν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IIA-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | P-DNM-S--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 ἦν | nsubj | high | Predicative demonstrative, agreeing with Φίλιππος. |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Δημητρίου | det | high | |
| 6 | Δημητρίου | Δημήτριος | PROPN | N-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 οὗτος | nmod | medium | Genitive of relationship/identification: 'of Demetrius'. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 8 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A--NSM- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἔσχε | advmod | medium | Predicative/temporal superlative, 'first'; may be construed with Δημήτριος. |
| 9 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἔσχε | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory connective. |
| 10 | ταύτης | οὗτος | DET | P-GFS---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 12 οἰκίας | det | high | |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 οἰκίας | det | high | |
| 12 | οἰκίας | οἰκία | NOUN | N-GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἀρχὴν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀρχήν: authority/kingdom of this house. |
| 13 | ἔσχε | ἔχω | VERB | V-AAI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 ἦν | conj | high | |
| 14 | Δημήτριος | Δημήτριος | PROPN | N-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἔσχε | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ἀρχὴν | det | high | |
| 16 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀρχὴν | nmod | high | Genitive of the governed people. |
| 17 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἔσχε | obj | high | |
| 18 | ἀποκτείνας | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἔσχε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Δημήτριος. |
| 19 | Ἀλέξανδρον | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἀποκτείνας | obj | high | |
| 20 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 παῖδα | det | high | |
| 21 | Κασσάνδρου | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | N-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 παῖδα | nmod | high | Patronymic/possessive genitive. |
| 22 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Ἀλέξανδρον | appos | high | Apposition to Ἀλέξανδρον. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀποκτείνας | punct | high | |
| 24 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 ἔχει | mark | medium | Introduces a parenthetical explanatory clause. |
| 25 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 πρότερον | det | high | |
| 26 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADJ | A-APN- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 ἔχει | obj | low | Substantivized neuter plural, probably 'the earlier matters'; parser attachment is uncertain. |
| 27 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PIA-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ἔσχε | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical present-tense reference to the prior narrative. |
| 28 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1D---- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 27 ἔχει | iobj | high | |
| 29 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 30 λόγου | det | high | |
| 30 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 πρότερον | nmod | low | Genitive dependent on the substantivized πρότερον/understood account; attachment is syntactically uncertain. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high |