Grammar parses for passage 10.13.10
Open translation for this passage
Ταραντῖνοι δὲ καὶ ἄλλην δεκάτην ἐς Δελφοὺς ἀπὸ βαρβάρων Πευκετίων ἀπέστειλαν·
The subject Ταραντῖνοι controls ἀπέστειλαν; ἄλλην δεκάτην is the accusative object, with ἀπὸ βαρβάρων Πευκετίων expressing source/origin. Πευκετίων is treated as a genitive ethnic proper name dependent on βαρβάρων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ταραντῖνοι | Ταραντῖνος | PROPN | N----MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀπέστειλαν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἀπέστειλαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 δεκάτην | advmod | medium | Coordinating/adverbial καί, modifying the object phrase. |
| 4 | ἄλλην | ἄλλος | ADJ | A----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 δεκάτην | amod | high | |
| 5 | δεκάτην | δεκάτη | NOUN | N----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀπέστειλαν | obj | high | Substantivized ordinal, ‘a tenth portion’. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Δελφοὺς | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 7 | Δελφοὺς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N----MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀπέστειλαν | obl | high | Goal of sending. |
| 8 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 βαρβάρων | case | high | |
| 9 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A----通G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀπέστειλαν | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘from the barbarians’; attached as source of the sent offering. |
| 10 | Πευκετίων | Πευκέτιος | PROPN | N----GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 βαρβάρων | nmod | medium | Ethnic proper name in genitive plural; exact inflectional analysis is somewhat uncertain. |
| 11 | ἀπέστειλαν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V---IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἀπέστειλαν | punct | high |
τέχνη μὲν τὰ ἀναθήματα Ὀνάτα τοῦ Αἰγινήτου καὶ Ἀγελάδα ἐστὶ τοῦ Ἀργείου, εἰκόνες δὲ καὶ πεζῶν καὶ ἱππέων, βασιλεὺς Ἰαπύγων Ὦπις ἥκων τοῖς Πευκετίοις σύμμαχος.
The passage is highly elliptical: ἐστὶ governs the first identification, while the second clause is verbless and is best analyzed with εἰκόνες as subject and σύμμαχος as a predicate, with Ὦπις/βασιλεὺς as an appositional identification.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τέχνη | τέχνη | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστὶ | nsubj | medium | Predicate nominative-like subject introducing the first verbless/copular clause. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | ptcl | _ | 1 τέχνη | discourse | high | |
| 3 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἀναθήματα | det | high | |
| 4 | ἀναθήματα | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἐστὶ | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the copular clause with τέχνη as the predicative noun; exact construction is compressed. |
| 5 | Ὀνάτα | Ὀνάτας | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀναθήματα | nmod | medium | Proper name in genitive, author/artist attribution; form is indeclinable or contracted. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Αἰγινήτου | det | high | |
| 7 | Αἰγινήτου | Αἰγινήτης | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ὀνάτα | appos | medium | Ethnic proper noun identifying Onatas. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 9 Ἀγελάδα | cc | high | |
| 9 | Ἀγελάδα | Ἀγέλαδας | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀναθήματα | conj | medium | Second artist attribution coordinated with Ὀνάτα; genitive ending is contracted/variant. |
| 10 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | AUX | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Ἀργείου | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἀργείου | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | a-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Ἀγελάδα | appos | medium | Ethnic proper noun identifying Ageladas. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστὶ | punct | high | |
| 14 | εἰκόνες | εἰκών | NOUN | n-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 27 σύμμαχος | nsubj | medium | Subject of a verbless second clause; predicate is σύμμαχος, with ἥκων and Ὦπις in apposition/explanation. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 14 εἰκόνες | cc | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 17 πεζῶν | cc | high | |
| 17 | πεζῶν | πεζός | ADJ | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 εἰκόνες | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective: of infantrymen. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 19 ἱππέων | cc | high | |
| 19 | ἱππέων | ἱππεύς | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 πεζῶν | conj | high | Coordinated genitive dependent on εἰκόνες. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 εἰκόνες | punct | high | |
| 21 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Ὦπις | appos | medium | Appositional title with Ὦπις. |
| 22 | Ἰαπύγων | Ἰάπυγες | PROPN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 βασιλεὺς | nmod | high | Genitive of the Iapyges. |
| 23 | Ὦπις | Ὦπις | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 σύμμαχος | nsubj | medium | Named subject associated with the participial clause and predicate σύμμαχος. |
| 24 | ἥκων | ἥκω | VERB | v-srpanm- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 Ὦπις | acl | high | Predicative participle agreeing with Ὦπις; perfect form has present resultative sense. |
| 25 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | l-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 Πευκετίοις | det | high | |
| 26 | Πευκετίοις | Πευκέτιοι | PROPN | n-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἥκων | obl | high | Dative complement with σύμμαχος: ally to the Peucetians. |
| 27 | σύμμαχος | σύμμαχος | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστὶ | conj | medium | Predicate adjective/noun of the second verbless clause, coordinated with the first clause. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστὶ | punct | high |
οὗτος μὲν δὴ εἴκασται τεθνεῶτι ἐν τῇ μάχῃ, οἱ δὲ αὐτῷ κειμένῳ ἐφεστηκότες ὁ ἥρως Τάρας ἐστὶ καὶ Φάλανθος ὁ ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος, καὶ οὐ πόρρω τοῦ Φαλάνθου δελφίς·
The first clause has εἴκασται with dative τεθνεῶτι and a locative ἐν-phrase; the following nominal clause is elliptical/asyndetic in presentation, with οἱ ... ἐφεστηκότες as the subject and Τάρας καὶ Φάλανθος as coordinated predicate nominatives. The final δελφίς is an appositional/predicative continuation, with πόρρω governing the genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | Pdmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 εἴκασται | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 4 εἴκασται | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Df | _ | 4 εἴκασται | discourse | high | |
| 4 | εἴκασται | εἰκάζω | VERB | V3rmpm3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect passive form, ‘is likened/represented’; some analyses treat it as stative perfect. |
| 5 | τεθνεῶτι | θνῄσκω | VERB | Vpradmns | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 εἴκασται | iobj | medium | Dative complement of εἴκασται; semantically the person to whom the figure is likened. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | AdpType=Prep | 8 μάχῃ | case | high | |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Dgd-sf | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 μάχῃ | det | high | |
| 8 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | Ndfsf | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 τεθνεῶτι | obl | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εἴκασται | punct | high | |
| 10 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Dgnmp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 ἐφεστηκότες | det | high | Article substantivizes ἐφεστηκότες. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 18 ἐστὶ | cc:preconj | medium | Adversative connective introducing the second clause. |
| 12 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Ppdms | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 13 κειμένῳ | obl | medium | Dative associated with κειμένῳ, likely ‘beside/around him lying’; exact relation is uncertain. |
| 13 | κειμένῳ | κεῖμαι | VERB | Vprmdm-s | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 ἐφεστηκότες | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle agreeing with an understood masculine singular referent; dative follows αὐτῷ. |
| 14 | ἐφεστηκότες | ἐφίστημι | VERB | Vpranmn-p | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἐστὶ | nsubj | medium | Substantivized plural participle, ‘those standing over/by him’; its syntactic relation to the elliptical copula is reconstructed. |
| 15 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Dgnms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ἥρως | det | high | |
| 16 | ἥρως | ἥρως | NOUN | Nnms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστὶ | appos | medium | Predicate/appositional nominative, likely heading the named figures. |
| 17 | Τάρας | Τάρας | PROPN | Npms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἥρως | appos | high | |
| 18 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | AUX | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | low | The clause is syntactically elliptical/irregular in the transmitted wording; treated as a second root-like copular clause. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 20 Φάλανθος | cc | high | |
| 20 | Φάλανθος | Φάλανθος | PROPN | Npms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστὶ | conj | high | |
| 21 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Dgnms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 Φάλανθος | det | high | |
| 22 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | AdpType=Prep | 23 Λακεδαίμονος | case | high | |
| 23 | Λακεδαίμονος | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | Npgfs | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Φάλανθος | nmod | high | Place-name in the genitive after ἐκ. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐστὶ | punct | high | |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 30 δελφίς | cc | high | Coordinates the final nominal continuation. |
| 26 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | Df | Polarity=Neg | 27 πόρρω | advmod | high | |
| 27 | πόρρω | πόρρω | ADV | Df | _ | 30 δελφίς | advmod | high | Adverb governing or selecting the following genitive phrase. |
| 28 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Dgms | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 Φαλάνθου | det | high | |
| 29 | Φαλάνθου | Φάλανθος | PROPN | Npgms | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 πόρρω | obl | high | Genitive complement of πόρρω. |
| 30 | δελφίς | δελφίς | NOUN | Nnfns | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστὶ | conj | medium | Nominal continuation/apposition, ‘and a dolphin’; exact attachment is uncertain because of the elliptical syntax. |
| 31 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐστὶ | punct | high |
πρὶν γὰρ δὴ ἐς Ἰταλίαν ἀφικέσθαι, καὶ ναυαγίᾳ τε ἐν τῷ πελάγει τῷ Κρισαίῳ τὸν Φάλανθον χρήσασθαι καὶ ὑπὸ δελφῖνος ἐκκομισθῆναί φασιν ἐς τὴν γῆν.
The sentence has φασιν as the matrix root, with coordinated infinitives χρήσασθαι and ἐκκομισθῆναι; πρὶν ἀφικέσθαι is a temporal infinitival clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἀφικέσθαι | mark | high | Temporal conjunction introducing the infinitival clause. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PART | _ | 23 φασιν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 23 φασιν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Ἰταλίαν | case | high | Epic/poetic form of εἰς. |
| 5 | Ἰταλίαν | Ἰταλία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀφικέσθαι | obl | high | |
| 6 | ἀφικέσθαι | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 23 φασιν | advcl | high | Aorist infinitive in the temporal clause. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀφικέσθαι | punct | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 χρήσασθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the two infinitival events. |
| 9 | ναυαγίᾳ | ναυαγία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 χρήσασθαι | obl | high | Dative of means/experience with χράομαι. |
| 10 | τε | τε | PART | PART | _ | 9 ναυαγίᾳ | advmod | medium | Postpositive enclitic, likely linking the first coordinated circumstance. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 πελάγει | case | high | |
| 12 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πελάγει | det | high | |
| 13 | πελάγει | πέλαγος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 χρήσασθαι | obl | high | Locative circumstance: in the sea. |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 Κρισαίῳ | det | high | |
| 15 | Κρισαίῳ | Κρισαῖος | ADJ | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 πελάγει | amod | high | Adjectival modifier specifying the sea. |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Φάλανθον | det | high | |
| 17 | Φάλανθον | Φάλανθος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 χρήσασθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject/object associated with the middle infinitive. |
| 18 | χρήσασθαι | χράομαι | VERB | V-1AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 22 ἐκκομισθῆναί | conj | high | First coordinated infinitive dependent on φασιν. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ἐκκομισθῆναί | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitive with χρήσασθαι. |
| 20 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 δελφῖνος | case | high | |
| 21 | δελφῖνος | δελφίς | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἐκκομισθῆναί | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive infinitive. |
| 22 | ἐκκομισθῆναί | ἐκκομίζω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 23 φασιν | xcomp | high | Second infinitive governed by φασιν. |
| 23 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 γῆν | case | high | Epic/poetic form of εἰς. |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 γῆν | det | high | |
| 26 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἐκκομισθῆναί | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐκκομισθῆναι. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 φασιν | punct | high |