Grammar parses for passage 10.3.1
Open translation for this passage
δεκάτῳ δὲ ὕστερον ἔτει μετὰ τὴν τοῦ ἱεροῦ κατάληψιν ἐπέθηκεν ὁ Φίλιππος πέρας τῷ πολέμῳ, Φωκικῷ τε καὶ ἱερῷ κληθέντι τῷ αὐτῷ,
The dative δεκάτῳ ἔτει is a temporal adjunct; μετὰ τὴν ... κατάληψιν is a prepositional adjunct. ἐπέθηκεν takes πέρας as its object and τῷ πολέμῳ as a dative complement. The final participial phrase agrees with τῷ πολέμῳ; Φωκικῷ and ἱερῷ are coordinated dative predicates/epithets within the relative-free naming construction, with τῷ αὐτῷ referring to the same war.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δεκάτῳ | δέκατος | ADJ | A--DSM | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἔτει | amod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐπέθηκεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Cmp | 4 ἔτει | advmod | medium | Adverbial temporal modifier, with ἔτει. |
| 4 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N--DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπέθηκεν | obl:tmod | high | |
| 5 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 κατάληψιν | case | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L--ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 κατάληψιν | det | high | |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L--GSN | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἱεροῦ | det | high | |
| 8 | ἱεροῦ | ἱερόν | NOUN | N--GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 κατάληψιν | nmod:poss | high | Genitive dependent on κατάληψιν. |
| 9 | κατάληψιν | κατάληψις | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπέθηκεν | obl | high | Object of μετὰ. |
| 10 | ἐπέθηκεν | ἐπιτίθημι | VERB | V-AAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Φίλιππος | det | high | |
| 12 | Φίλιππος | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπέθηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | πέρας | πέρας | NOUN | N--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπέθηκεν | obj | high | Accusative object in the idiom ἐπιτίθημι πέρας τινί. |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L--DSM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 πολέμῳ | det | high | |
| 15 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπέθηκεν | iobj | high | Dative complement of ἐπέθηκεν. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπέθηκεν | punct | high | |
| 17 | Φωκικῷ | Φωκικός | ADJ | A--DSM | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 πολέμῳ | amod | medium | Predicative/epithet adjective associated with πόλεμος. |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 καὶ | cc | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἱερῷ | cc | high | |
| 20 | ἱερῷ | ἱερός | ADJ | A--DSM | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Φωκικῷ | conj | medium | Coordinated with Φωκικῷ; adjective is substantivized or modifies πόλεμος elliptically. |
| 21 | κληθέντι | καλέω | VERB | V-APPDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 πολέμῳ | acl | high | Participial modifier of πόλεμος. |
| 22 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L--DSM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 αὐτῷ | det | high | |
| 23 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 21 κληθέντι | obl | medium | τῷ αὐτῷ is a dative phrase meaning ‘by the same [name]’; exact attachment is syntactically compressed. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπέθηκεν | punct | high |
Θεοφίλου μὲν Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, ὀγδόης δὲ Ὀλυμπιάδος καὶ ἑκατοστῆς ἔτει πρώτῳ, ἣν Πολυκλῆς ἐνίκα στάδιον Κυρηναῖος.
The opening genitive absolute and the following dative date phrase are temporal adjuncts to ἐνίκα; ἣν refers to Ὀλυμπιάδος and is the object of the relative clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θεοφίλου | Θεόφιλος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἄρχοντος | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 4 ἄρχοντος | advmod | high | Correlative particle introducing the first temporal phrase. |
| 3 | Ἀθήνῃσιν | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N--DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 ἄρχοντος | obl | medium | Locative/dative plural form, 'at Athens'. |
| 4 | ἄρχοντος | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 ἐνίκα | advcl | high | Genitive absolute temporal participle. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἄρχοντος | punct | high | |
| 6 | ὀγδόης | ὄγδοος | ADJ | A--GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ὀλυμπιάδος | amod | high | Ordinal modifying Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἔτει | cc | high | Links the dating phrase to the preceding temporal phrase. |
| 8 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N--GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἔτει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent in the date expression. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἑκατοστῆς | cc | high | Coordinates the ordinal modifiers. |
| 10 | ἑκατοστῆς | ἑκατοστός | ADJ | A--GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ὀλυμπιάδος | conj | high | Coordinates with ὀγδόης in the ordinal expression. |
| 11 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N--DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐνίκα | obl | high | Dative of time: 'in the first year'. |
| 12 | πρώτῳ | πρῶτος | ADJ | A--DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἔτει | amod | high | Ordinal modifying ἔτει. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐνίκα | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P--AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 16 ἐνίκα | obj | medium | Relative pronoun, referring to the Olympiad; object of ἐνίκα. |
| 15 | Πολυκλῆς | Πολυκλῆς | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐνίκα | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐνίκα. |
| 16 | ἐνίκα | νικάω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 17 | στάδιον | στάδιον | NOUN | N--ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐνίκα | obj | high | Event object: won the stadion race. |
| 18 | Κυρηναῖος | Κυρηναῖος | ADJ | A--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Πολυκλῆς | amod | high | Ethnic adjective in apposition to Πολυκλῆς. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐνίκα | punct | high |
καὶ ἐς ἔδαφος ἁλοῦσαι κατεβλήθησαν τῶν Φωκέων αἱ πόλεις· ἀριθμὸς δὲ ἦν αὐτῶν Λίλαια καὶ Ὑάμπολις καὶ Ἀντίκυρα καὶ Παραποτάμιοι καὶ Πανοπεύς τε καὶ Δαυλίς.
The sentence contains two coordinated clauses; the second has ἀριθμός as subject and a coordinated nominative list of city names as its predicate/complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 κατεβλήθησαν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 3 ἔδαφος | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 3 | ἔδαφος | ἔδαφος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἁλοῦσαι | obl | high | |
| 4 | ἁλοῦσαι | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 5 κατεβλήθησαν | advcl | medium | Aorist passive participle, agreeing with αἱ πόλεις; semantically ‘having been captured’. |
| 5 | κατεβλήθησαν | καταβάλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Φωκέων | det | high | |
| 7 | Φωκέων | Φωκεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 πόλεις | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πόλεις: cities of the Phocians. |
| 8 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 πόλεις | det | high | |
| 9 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 κατεβλήθησαν | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 κατεβλήθησαν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἀριθμὸς | ἀριθμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν in the second clause. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated clause; copular verb with predicate list. |
| 14 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 11 ἀριθμὸς | nmod | high | Partitive/genitive reference: their number. |
| 15 | Λίλαια | Λίλαια | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀριθμὸς | conj | medium | First item in a nominative predicate enumeration; agreement with implied plural notion is syntactically loose. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 Ὑάμπολις | cc | high | |
| 17 | Ὑάμπολις | Ὑάμπολις | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 Λίλαια | conj | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 Ἀντίκυρα | cc | high | |
| 19 | Ἀντίκυρα | Ἀντίκυρα | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Ὑάμπολις | conj | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 Παραποτάμιοι | cc | high | |
| 21 | Παραποτάμιοι | Παραποτάμιοι | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 Ἀντίκυρα | conj | medium | Place-name form; grammatical gender/number is interpreted from the referent πόλις. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 Πανοπεύς | cc | high | |
| 23 | Πανοπεύς | Πανοπεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Παραποτάμιοι | conj | high | |
| 24 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 Πανοπεύς | cc | high | Postpositive enclitic coordinating the final pair/list segment. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 26 Δαυλίς | cc | high | |
| 26 | Δαυλίς | Δαυλίς | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 Πανοπεύς | conj | high | |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἦν | punct | high |
τούτων μὲν δὴ ὄνομα ἦν ἐκ παλαιοῦ, καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐπῶν ἕνεκα τῶν Ὁμήρου·
The clause means that their name was ancient, especially because of Homer’s verses; τῶν Ὁμήρου is elliptical for Homeric verses/poems and is attached within the ἐπῶν ἕνεκα phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | RD-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ὄνομα | nmod | high | Genitive demonstrative, dependent on ὄνομα. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | GPM | _ | 4 ὄνομα | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | GPM | _ | 5 ἦν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-SN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of copular ἦν. |
| 5 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect copular predicate. |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P-G | _ | 7 παλαιοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing παλαιοῦ. |
| 7 | παλαιοῦ | παλαιός | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἦν | obl | high | Substantivized genitive in ἐκ παλαιοῦ, ‘from ancient times’. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 5 ἦν | cc | high | Coordinates the following additive phrase with the preceding clause. |
| 10 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | D | Polarity=Neg | 11 ἥκιστα | advmod | high | Negative particle modifying superlative adverb. |
| 11 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | D-S | Degree=Sup | 5 ἦν | advmod | medium | Superlative adverb, ‘not least’; syntactically modifies the understood assertion. |
| 12 | ἐπῶν | ἔπος | NOUN | N-GN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἕνεκα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἕνεκα. |
| 13 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | P-G | _ | 5 ἦν | obl | high | Postposition governing ἐπῶν. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 Ὁμήρου | det | high | Article with Ὁμήρου, substantivizing/marking the Homeric reference. |
| 15 | Ὁμήρου | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπῶν | nmod | medium | Genitive proper name; τῶν Ὁμήρου refers to Homer’s poems/verses, with an elliptical noun. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high |