Grammar parses for passage 10.34.2
Open translation for this passage
Ἐλατεῦσι δὲ ἐξεγένετο μὲν Κάσσανδρον καὶ τὴν Μακεδόνων ἀπώσασθαι στρατιάν, ὑπῆρξε δὲ καὶ Ταξίλου Μιθριδάτῃ στρατηγοῦντος τὸν πόλεμόν σφισιν ἐκφυγεῖν·
Two coordinated infinitival clauses depend on ἐξεγένετο/ὑπῆρξε (‘it was possible’); Ταξίλου is a genitive absolute subject, while Μιθριδάτῃ is dative with στρατηγοῦντος. The idiom τὸν πόλεμον ἐκφυγεῖν is treated as an infinitival complement with σφισιν as dative of reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἐλατεῦσι | Ἐλατεύς | PROPN | N--PDM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἐξεγένετο | obl | high | Dative plural place-name/demonym: ‘for the Elateans’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἐξεγένετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐξεγένετο | ἐκγίγνομαι | VERB | V3SAIM-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal aorist middle, ‘it became possible’. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 3 ἐξεγένετο | discourse | high | Correlative particle, balanced by δὲ at token 13. |
| 5 | Κάσσανδρον | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | Ne-S---Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπώσασθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject/object-like accusative of the infinitive. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἀπώσασθαι | cc | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---AFS- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 στρατιάν | det | high | |
| 8 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | Ne-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 στρατιάν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on στρατιάν. |
| 9 | ἀπώσασθαι | ἀπωθέω | VERB | V--AMN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 3 ἐξεγένετο | xcomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive, coordinated in sense with ἐκφυγεῖν. |
| 10 | στρατιάν | στρατιά | NOUN | N--SFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπώσασθαι | obj | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐξεγένετο | punct | high | |
| 12 | ὑπῆρξε | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V3SAAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 ἐξεγένετο | conj | high | Second impersonal possibility predicate, coordinated with ἐξεγένετο. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ὑπῆρξε | cc | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἐκφυγεῖν | cc | medium | Connects the second infinitival complement; arguably scopes over the clause. |
| 15 | Ταξίλου | Τάξιλος | PROPN | Ne-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 στρατηγοῦντος | nsubj | high | Subject of genitive absolute. |
| 16 | Μιθριδάτῃ | Μιθριδάτης | PROPN | Ne-DS-M- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 στρατηγοῦντος | obl | high | Dative with στρατηγοῦντος, ‘Mithridates being general’. |
| 17 | στρατηγοῦντος | στρατηγέω | VERB | V-PAPGSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 21 ἐκφυγεῖν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S---ASM- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 πόλεμόν | det | high | |
| 19 | πόλεμόν | πόλεμος | NOUN | N--SAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐκφυγεῖν | obj | high | |
| 20 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD--- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 21 ἐκφυγεῖν | iobj | high | Dative of reference/interest. |
| 21 | ἐκφυγεῖν | ἐκφεύγω | VERB | V--AAN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 ὑπῆρξε | xcomp | high | Aorist active infinitive complement of ὑπῆρξε. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐξεγένετο | punct | high |
ἀντὶ τούτου δὲ τοῦ ἔργου Ῥωμαῖοι δεδώκασιν αὐτοῖς ἐλευθέρους ὄντας ἀτελῆ νέμεσθαι τὴν χώραν.
The sentence has a giving construction with infinitival complement νέμεσθαι; ὄντας ἐλευθέρους is a supplementary accusative participial phrase, while ἀτελῆ is predicative with the understood subject of the infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 5 ἔργου | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive phrase τούτου τοῦ ἔργου. |
| 2 | τούτου | οὗτος | DET | PD-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἔργου | det | high | Demonstrative determiner modifying ἔργου. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 δεδώκασιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἔργου | det | high | Article modifying ἔργου. |
| 5 | ἔργου | ἔργον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 δεδώκασιν | obl | high | Genitive object of ἀντί, expressing substitution. |
| 6 | Ῥωμαῖοι | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 δεδώκασιν | nsubj | high | Subject of δεδώκασιν. |
| 7 | δεδώκασιν | δίδωμι | VERB | V-RIA3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect-form verb; parsed as present perfect with reduplication and active 3pl ending, though the form may reflect a perfect tense usage. |
| 8 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 7 δεδώκασιν | iobj | high | Indirect object of δεδώκασιν. |
| 9 | ἐλευθέρους | ἐλεύθερος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ὄντας | xcomp | high | Predicative complement with ὄντας, agreeing with αὐτοῖς in reference. |
| 10 | ὄντας | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-AAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 νέμεσθαι | advcl | high | Accusative participle in a supplementary construction, subject understood as the recipients. |
| 11 | ἀτελῆ | ἀτελής | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 νέμεσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative adjective with νέμεσθαι, agreeing with understood recipients. |
| 12 | νέμεσθαι | νέμω | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 7 δεδώκασιν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of δεδώκασιν: to enjoy/occupy the land. |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 χώραν | det | high | Article modifying χώραν. |
| 14 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 νέμεσθαι | obj | high | Direct object of νέμεσθαι. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 δεδώκασιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἀμφισβητοῦσι δὲ οὗτοι ξενικοῦ γένους, καὶ Ἀρκάδες φασὶν εἶναι τὸ ἀρχαῖον·
The first clause means 'these dispute/claim [that they are] of foreign stock'; the infinitive εἶναι is a copular complement of φασίν with τὸ ἀρχαῖον as its accusative subject/predicative expression. The adjective ξενικοῦ agrees with the genitive γένους. οὗτοι is the demonstrative subject of ἀμφισβητοῦσι and likely refers to a previously mentioned group.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀμφισβητοῦσι | ἀμφισβητέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀμφισβητοῦσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | D-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 1 ἀμφισβητοῦσι | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ξενικοῦ | ξενικός | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 γένους | amod | high | |
| 5 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἀμφισβητοῦσι | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ἀμφισβητοῦσι, with an elided predicate such as εἶναι understood. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀμφισβητοῦσι | punct | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 φασὶν | cc | high | Coordinates the following assertion with the preceding clause. |
| 8 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 φασὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of φασίν. |
| 9 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἀμφισβητοῦσι | conj | high | |
| 10 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 φασὶν | xcomp | high | Copular infinitive governed by φασίν. |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | |
| 12 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Articular neuter adjective, substantivized; accusative subject of the infinitive, meaning 'the ancient [state/origin]'. Its semantic predicate relation to εἶναι is implicit. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀμφισβητοῦσι | punct | high |
Ἔλατον γὰρ τὸν Ἀρκάδος, ἡνίκα ἐπὶ τὸ ἱερὸν Φλεγύαι τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖς ἐστρατεύσαντο, ἀμῦναί τε τῷ θεῷ καὶ ἐν τῇ Φωκίδι ὁμοῦ τῷ στρατεύματι αὐτὸν καταμείναντα Ἐλατείας οἰκιστὴν γενέσθαι.
Infinitival construction dependent on an omitted governing verb: Ἔλατον τὸν Ἀρκάδος is the accusative subject of the coordinated infinitives ἀμῦναί and γενέσθαι; ἡνίκα-clause supplies the temporal circumstance. The participle καταμείναντα agrees with αὐτόν and is adverbial within the infinitival clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἔλατον | Ἔλατος | PROPN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀμῦναί | obj | medium | Proper name, accusative subject of the infinitival construction; spelling/declension treated as masculine. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | 粒 | _ | 16 ἀμῦναί | discourse | high | |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | P---ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀρκάδος | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀρκάδος | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ἔλατον | nmod | medium | Patronymic/genitival identifier, ‘the Arcadian’; case and syntactic attachment are somewhat elliptical. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 Ἔλατον | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | C | _ | 14 ἐστρατεύσαντο | mark | high | Temporal subordinating conjunction. |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 9 ἱερὸν | case | high | With accusative, expressing motion toward. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P---ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἱερὸν | det | high | |
| 9 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστρατεύσαντο | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, sanctuary. |
| 10 | Φλεγύαι | Φλεγύαι | PROPN | N--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐστρατεύσαντο | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P---NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἐν | det | high | Article in the attributive phrase τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖς. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 13 Δελφοῖς | case | high | |
| 13 | Δελφοῖς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N--DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 τὸ | nmod | high | Locative dative within the relative-like attributive phrase. |
| 14 | ἐστρατεύσαντο | στρατεύω | VERB | V3PAMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 16 ἀμῦναί | advcl | high | Temporal clause predicate. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐστρατεύσαντο | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἀμῦναί | ἀμύνω | VERB | V--AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 31 γενέσθαι | conj | medium | First coordinated infinitive; exact higher governing relation is elliptical. |
| 17 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 16 ἀμῦναί | cc | high | |
| 18 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | P---DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 θεῷ | det | high | |
| 19 | θεῷ | θεός | NOUN | N--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀμῦναί | iobj | high | Dative object of ἀμῦναι, ‘defend the god’. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 31 γενέσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the infinitives. |
| 21 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 23 Φωκίδι | case | high | |
| 22 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | P---DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 Φωκίδι | det | high | |
| 23 | Φωκίδι | Φωκίς | PROPN | N--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 καταμείναντα | obl | high | Locative adjunct with ἐν. |
| 24 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D | _ | 28 καταμείναντα | advmod | high | Together/along with. |
| 25 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | P---DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 στρατεύματι | det | high | |
| 26 | στρατεύματι | στράτευμα | NOUN | N--DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 καταμείναντα | obl | high | Dative accompaniment with ὁμοῦ. |
| 27 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P---ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 28 καταμείναντα | obj | high | Accusative subject of the participial clause, coreferential with the infinitival subject. |
| 28 | καταμείναντα | καταμένω | VERB | V-A-PAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 31 γενέσθαι | advcl | high | Accusative aorist participle agreeing with αὐτόν. |
| 29 | Ἐλατείας | Ἐλάτεια | PROPN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 οἰκιστὴν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on οἰκιστήν. |
| 30 | οἰκιστὴν | οἰκιστής | NOUN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 γενέσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with γενέσθαι. |
| 31 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second coordinated infinitive; governs predicate accusative οἰκιστήν. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 γενέσθαι | punct | high |