Grammar parses for passage 10.34.2
Open translation for this passage
Ἐλατεῦσι δὲ ἐξεγένετο μὲν Κάσσανδρον καὶ τὴν Μακεδόνων ἀπώσασθαι στρατιάν, ὑπῆρξε δὲ καὶ Ταξίλου Μιθριδάτῃ στρατηγοῦντος τὸν πόλεμόν σφισιν ἐκφυγεῖν·
The syntax is a paired construction with two main finite verbs (ἐξεγένετο, ὑπῆρξε), each governing an infinitival complement; the second includes a genitive absolute (Ταξίλου Μιθριδάτῃ στρατηγοῦντος).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἐλατεῦσι | ἐλατεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 3 ἐξεγένετο | obl | low | Likely place-name/dative of location; form is obscure. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἐξεγένετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐξεγένετο | ἐκγίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of the first clause. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἐξεγένετο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 5 | Κάσσανδρον | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπώσασθαι | obj | high | Object of the infinitive ἀπώσασθαι. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 Κάσσανδρον | cc | high | Coordination within the object phrase. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Feminine|Number=Sing | 10 στρατιάν | det | high | Article modifying στρατιάν. |
| 8 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 10 στρατιάν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of στρατιάν. |
| 9 | ἀπώσασθαι | ἀπωθέω | VERB | _ | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 3 ἐξεγένετο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive to ἐξεγένετο. |
| 10 | στρατιάν | στρατιά | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Feminine|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπώσασθαι | obj | high | Object of ἀπώσασθαι. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐξεγένετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | ὑπῆρξε | ὑπάρχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main verb; coordinated/clausal relation to first. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 12 ὑπῆρξε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 ἐκφυγεῖν | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitival complement structure. |
| 15 | Ταξίλου | Ταξίλος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing | 17 στρατηγοῦντος | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject of the genitive absolute participle. |
| 16 | Μιθριδάτῃ | Μιθριδάτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing | 17 στρατηγοῦντος | obl | high | Dative absolute participant with participle. |
| 17 | στρατηγοῦντος | στρατηγέω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἐκφυγεῖν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing | 19 πόλεμόν | det | high | Article modifying πόλεμόν. |
| 19 | πόλεμόν | πόλεμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing | 21 ἐκφυγεῖν | obj | high | Object of ἐκφυγεῖν. |
| 20 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 21 ἐκφυγεῖν | iobj | high | Dative of advantage/reference with ἐκφυγεῖν. |
| 21 | ἐκφυγεῖν | ἐκφεύγω | VERB | _ | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 ὑπῆρξε | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive to ὑπῆρξε. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ὑπῆρξε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἀντὶ τούτου δὲ τοῦ ἔργου Ῥωμαῖοι δεδώκασιν αὐτοῖς ἐλευθέρους ὄντας ἀτελῆ νέμεσθαι τὴν χώραν.
The clause ἐλευθέρους ὄντας ἀτελῆ νέμεσθαι is syntactically compressed; I treated ἐλευθέρους as predicative to an implicit accusative subject of the infinitive, with ὄντας as a participial modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 2 τούτου | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 2 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 ἔργου | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἔργου within the prepositional phrase. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 7 δεδώκασιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἔργου | det | high | Article with ἔργου. |
| 5 | ἔργου | ἔργον | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἀντὶ | obl | high | Head of the prepositional phrase introduced by ἀντὶ. |
| 6 | Ῥωμαῖοι | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 δεδώκασιν | nsubj | high | Subject of δεδώκασιν. |
| 7 | δεδώκασιν | δίδωμι | VERB | V-RAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 8 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P---3PM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 7 δεδώκασιν | iobj | high | Dative recipient. |
| 9 | ἐλευθέρους | ἐλεύθερος | ADJ | A-P---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ὄντας | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement with participle; case suggests agreement with omitted object/persons. |
| 10 | ὄντας | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 νέμεσθαι | advcl | medium | Participial clause modifying the infinitive construction. |
| 11 | ἀτελῆ | ἀτελής | ADJ | A-P---AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 νέμεσθαι | obj | medium | Accusative plural neuter; likely object/predicate within the infinitival clause, though syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 12 | νέμεσθαι | νέμω | VERB | V-PMN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 7 δεδώκασιν | xcomp | high | Complement of δεδώκασιν. |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 χώραν | det | high | Article with χώραν. |
| 14 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 νέμεσθαι | obj | high | Object of νέμεσθαι. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 δεδώκασιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἀμφισβητοῦσι δὲ οὗτοι ξενικοῦ γένους, καὶ Ἀρκάδες φασὶν εἶναι τὸ ἀρχαῖον·
Two coordinated clauses: the second has φασίν with an infinitival complement εἶναι τὸ ἀρχαῖον; ξενικοῦ γένους is a genitive phrase dependent on ἀμφισβητοῦσι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀμφισβητοῦσι | ἀμφισβητέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of the first clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 1 ἀμφισβητοῦσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 1 ἀμφισβητοῦσι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀμφισβητοῦσι. |
| 4 | ξενικοῦ | ξενικός | ADJ | A-NSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 γένους | amod | medium | Attributive modifier of γένους; case from genitive phrase. |
| 5 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἀμφισβητοῦσι | obl | high | Genitive complement with ἀμφισβητοῦσι, expressing disputed origin. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀμφισβητοῦσι | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 φασὶν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 8 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-P---M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 φασὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of φασὶν. |
| 9 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἀμφισβητοῦσι | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 10 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 φασὶν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of φασὶν. |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχαῖον. |
| 12 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective in infinitival clause; likely substantive/predicate complement of εἶναι. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀμφισβητοῦσι | punct | high | Greek middle dot punctuation. |
Ἔλατον γὰρ τὸν Ἀρκάδος, ἡνίκα ἐπὶ τὸ ἱερὸν Φλεγύαι τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖς ἐστρατεύσαντο, ἀμῦναί τε τῷ θεῷ καὶ ἐν τῇ Φωκίδι ὁμοῦ τῷ στρατεύματι αὐτὸν καταμείναντα Ἐλατείας οἰκιστὴν γενέσθαι.
The syntax is centered on the infinitive γενέσθαι, with ἀμῦναί as its complement and several participial/prepositional modifiers; Ἔλατον is treated as the object of ἀμῦναί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἔλατον | Ἔλατος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀμῦναί | obj | high | Direct object of ἀμῦναί. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 16 ἀμῦναί | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ἀρκάδος | det | high | Article modifying Ἀρκάδος. |
| 4 | Ἀρκάδος | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ἔλατον | nmod | high | Genitive attribute of Ἔλατον, likely patronymic/ethnic. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 Ἔλατον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἐστρατεύσαντο | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 14 ἐστρατεύσαντο | case | high | Preposition governing τὸ ἱερὸν Φλεγύαι. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἱερὸν | det | high | Article modifying ἱερὸν. |
| 9 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστρατεύσαντο | obl | high | Object of ἐπί. |
| 10 | Φλεγύαι | Φλεγύαι | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐστρατεύσαντο | obl | medium | Likely dative of place/person associated with ἐστρατεύσαντο; interpretation uncertain. |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἱερὸν | det | high | Article modifying ἱερὸν. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 14 ἐστρατεύσαντο | case | high | Preposition governing Δελφοῖς. |
| 13 | Δελφοῖς | Δελφοί | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐστρατεύσαντο | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 14 | ἐστρατεύσαντο | στρατεύομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 31 γενέσθαι | advcl | high | Temporal clause introduced by ἡνίκα. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐστρατεύσαντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | ἀμῦναί | ἀμύνω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 31 γενέσθαι | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of γενέσθαι. |
| 17 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 16 ἀμῦναί | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 18 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 θεῷ | det | high | Article modifying θεῷ. |
| 19 | θεῷ | θεός | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀμῦναί | obl | high | Dative argument of ἀμῦναί. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 ἀμῦναί | cc | high | Coordinates with τε. |
| 21 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 31 γενέσθαι | case | high | Preposition introducing locative phrase. |
| 22 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 Φωκίδι | det | high | Article modifying Φωκίδι. |
| 23 | Φωκίδι | Φωκίς | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Locative oblique with ἐν. |
| 24 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | _ | _ | 31 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying γενέσθαι. |
| 25 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 στρατεύματι | det | high | Article modifying στρατεύματι. |
| 26 | στρατεύματι | στράτευμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Dative of accompaniment/association with ὁμοῦ. |
| 27 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 28 καταμείναντα | obj | high | Object of καταμείναντα. |
| 28 | καταμείναντα | καταμένω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 31 γενέσθαι | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying understood subject of γενέσθαι. |
| 29 | Ἐλατείας | Ἐλατεία | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 οἰκιστὴν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of οἰκιστήν. |
| 30 | οἰκιστὴν | οἰκιστής | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 γενέσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicative complement within infinitival clause. |
| 31 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main infinitive; governing complementary infinitival and participial phrases. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 γενέσθαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |