Grammar parses for passage 10.4.9
Open translation for this passage
θαυμάσαι δὲ ἄξιον ὅτι ἐν τῇ γῇ ταύτῃ χελιδόνες οὔτε τίκτουσιν οὔτε ἐκλέπουσί γε τὰ ᾠά, οὐδʼ ἂν ἀρχὴν πρὸς οἰκήματος ὀρόφῳ νεοσσιὰν χελιδὼν ποιήσαιτο·
Infinitival θαυμάσαι is an impersonal/exclamatory construction with ἄξιον; ὅτι introduces the factual complement. The final optative ποιήσαιτο is potential with ἄν, while οὐδʼ coordinates the negative continuation. The exact attachment of ἀρχὴν is somewhat idiomatic; it is treated as an adverbial accusative (‘at all’).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | θαυμάσαι | θαυμάζω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 3 ἄξιον | csubj | high | Aorist infinitive in impersonal/exclamatory construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἄξιον | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator. |
| 3 | ἄξιον | ἄξιος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal neuter predicate, with infinitive as subject. |
| 4 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 τίκτουσιν | mark | high | Introduces the content clause. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 γῇ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 γῇ | det | high | |
| 7 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 τίκτουσιν | obl | high | Locative dative within ἐν-phrase. |
| 8 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | DET | D-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 7 γῇ | amod | high | Demonstrative modifying γῇ. |
| 9 | χελιδόνες | χελιδών | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 τίκτουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 τίκτουσιν | cc | high | First member of οὔτε...οὔτε coordination. |
| 11 | τίκτουσιν | τίκτω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 3 ἄξιον | ccomp | high | Finite verb of the ὅτι-content clause. |
| 12 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἐκλέπουσί | cc | high | Second member of οὔτε...οὔτε coordination. |
| 13 | ἐκλέπουσί | ἐκλέπω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 τίκτουσιν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; subject is shared. |
| 14 | γε | γε | PART | PART | _ | 13 ἐκλέπουσί | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 ᾠά | det | high | |
| 16 | ᾠά | ᾠόν | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐκλέπουσί | obj | high | |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 13 ἐκλέπουσί | punct | high | |
| 18 | οὐδʼ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 ποιήσαιτο | cc | high | Elided form οὐδέ; coordinates the following negative clause. |
| 19 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | PART | _ | 26 ποιήσαιτο | aux | high | Potential particle with the optative. |
| 20 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ποιήσαιτο | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘at all/from the outset’; idiomatic attachment is uncertain. |
| 21 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 οἰκήματος | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 22 | οἰκήματος | οἴκημα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 νεοσσιὰν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πρὸς phrase; phrase modifies nest location. |
| 23 | ὀρόφῳ | ὀρόφος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 νεοσσιὰν | obl | medium | Dative of location/context, ‘on the roof’; exact relation to the nest phrase is idiomatic. |
| 24 | νεοσσιὰν | νεοσσιά | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ποιήσαιτο | obj | high | Object of ποιήσαιτο. |
| 25 | χελιδὼν | χελιδών | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ποιήσαιτο | nsubj | high | Subject of the potential optative. |
| 26 | ποιήσαιτο | ποιέω | VERB | V-AOM-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 3 ἄξιον | conj | high | Potential aorist middle optative with ἄν; coordinated under the main impersonal construction. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 3 ἄξιον | punct | high |
λέγουσι δὲ οἱ Φωκεῖς ὡς τῇ Φιλομήλᾳ καὶ ὄρνιθι οὔσῃ Τηρέως δεῖμα ἐφάνη καὶ οὕτω τῆς πατρίδος ἀπέστη τῆς Τηρέως.
The ὡς-clause is the reported content of λέγουσι. Φιλομήλᾳ and ὄρνιθι are coordinated datives with οὔσῃ, while Τηρέως is a genitive dependent on ὄρνιθι; δεῖμα is the nominative subject of ἐφάνη. In the second clause, the repeated τῆς Τηρέως is a genitive complement with ἀπέστη, probably ‘withdrew from the homeland of Tereus’; the construction is semantically somewhat awkward, so attachment is marked medium confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 λέγουσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Φωκεῖς | det | high | |
| 4 | Φωκεῖς | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N-NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 λέγουσι | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Introduces reported content. |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA-FDS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Φιλομήλᾳ | det | high | |
| 7 | Φιλομήλᾳ | Φιλομήλη | PROPN | N-FDS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 οὔσῃ | nsubj | medium | Dative subject with participle οὔσῃ; coordinated with ὄρνιθι. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ὄρνιθι | cc | high | |
| 9 | ὄρνιθι | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-FDS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 οὔσῃ | conj | medium | Coordinated dative with Φιλομήλᾳ. |
| 10 | οὔσῃ | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAPFDS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἐφάνη | advcl | high | Dative circumstantial participle, ‘being’. |
| 11 | Τηρέως | Τηρεύς | PROPN | N-GMS--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ὄρνιθι | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ὄρνιθι, ‘Tereus’s bird’. |
| 12 | δεῖμα | δεῖμα | NOUN | N-NSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐφάνη | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | ἐφάνη | φαίνω | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 5 ὡς | ccomp | high | ‘Appeared’ in passive morphology. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἀπέστη | cc | high | |
| 15 | οὕτω | οὕτω | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 18 ἀπέστη | advmod | high | ‘Thus/thereupon’. |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-FGS--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 πατρίδος | det | high | |
| 17 | πατρίδος | πατρίς | NOUN | N-FGS--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἀπέστη | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ἀπέστημι, ‘from the homeland’. |
| 18 | ἀπέστη | ἀφίστημι | VERB | V-2AI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ὡς | conj | high | Coordinated predicate within the ὡς-clause. |
| 19 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-FGS--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Τηρέως | det | high | |
| 20 | Τηρέως | Τηρεύς | PROPN | N-GMS--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 πατρίδος | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier of πατρίδος, or alternatively a further complement of ἀπέστη; attachment is syntactically uncertain. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγουσι | punct | high |
Δαυλιεῦσι δὲ Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερὸν καὶ ἄγαλμά ἐστιν ἀρχαῖον·
Copular clause: ‘For the Daulians there is an ancient sanctuary and statue of Athena’; ἱερόν and ἄγαλμα are coordinated neuter nominatives, with ἀρχαῖον shared semantically.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δαυλιεῦσι | Δαυλιεύς | PROPN | Ne.Dat.Pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐστιν | iobj | high | Dative of the inhabitants, ‘for/to the Daulians’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 7 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | Ne.Gen.Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἱερόν and, by coordination, ἄγαλμα. |
| 4 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | Nb.Acc.Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Neuter nominative subject of the copular clause; form identical to accusative. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 6 ἄγαλμά | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἄγαλμά | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | Nb.Nom.Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἱερὸν | conj | high | Coordinated nominative predicate/subject with ἱερόν; accent shown in the supplied token. |
| 7 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἄγαλμά | amod | high | Adjective agrees with the coordinated neuter nominatives; attached to the nearer conjunct. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ ξόανον τὸ ἔτι παλαιότερον λέγουσιν ἐπαγαγέσθαι Πρόκνην ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν.
Infinitival indirect discourse after λέγουσιν: Πρόκνην is the accusative subject of ἐπαγαγέσθαι; τὸ ... ξόανον is its object, with the second article introducing a restrictive/attributive relative-like adjective phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ξόανον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 7 λέγουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ξόανον | ξόανον | NOUN | N-----NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπαγαγέσθαι | obj | medium | Object of ἐπαγαγέσθαι; the nominative form is also compatible with the accusative neuter syncretism. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 παλαιότερον | det | high | Article with the attributive adjective phrase modifying ξόανον. |
| 5 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D- | _ | 6 παλαιότερον | advmod | high | |
| 6 | παλαιότερον | παλαιός | ADJ | A-SANS | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ξόανον | amod | medium | Comparative adjective agreeing with the neuter object ξόανον; form is syncretic with nominative. |
| 7 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἐπαγαγέσθαι | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-A--MNC | Form=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 7 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive of indirect statement dependent on λέγουσιν. |
| 9 | Πρόκνην | Πρόκνη | PROPN | N------SA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπαγαγέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 10 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R- | _ | 11 Ἀθηνῶν | case | high | |
| 11 | Ἀθηνῶν | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N------GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπαγαγέσθαι | obl | high | Source complement of ἐπαγαγέσθαι. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 λέγουσιν | punct | high |