Grammar parses for passage 10.9.9
Open translation for this passage
οὗτοι δὲ Ἀρκάδες εἰσὶν ἐκ Κλείτορος.
Simple copular clause: οὗτοι is the subject, Ἀρκάδες the predicate nominal, and ἐκ Κλείτορος an origin adjunct.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | PD.NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 3 Ἀρκάδες | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 Ἀρκάδες | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | NOUN | N.NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 εἰσὶν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominal with εἰσίν. |
| 4 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Κλείτορος | case | high | |
| 6 | Κλείτορος | Κλείτωρ | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀρκάδες | obl | high | Genitive of origin after ἐκ. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εἰσὶν | punct | high |
ἀνάκεινται δὲ καὶ ὄπισθεν τῶν κατειλεγμένων ὅσοι συγκατειργάσαντο τῷ Λυσάνδρῳ τὰ ἐν Αἰγὸς ποταμοῖς ἢ αὐτῶν Σπαρτιατῶν ἢ ἀπὸ τῶν συμμαχησάντων,
The finite verb ἀνάκεινται is the root; ὅσοι introduces a relative subject clause, with συγκατειργάσαντο coordinated by ἢ...ἢ in the elliptical phrase identifying those associated with Lysander. The participles κατειλεγμένων and συμμαχησάντων are substantival/genitival; attachment of the final ἀπὸ phrase is interpreted as dependent on Σπαρτιατῶν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνάκεινται | ἀνάκειμαι | VERB | V3PPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀνάκεινται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀνάκεινται | cc | high | |
| 4 | ὄπισθεν | ὄπισθεν | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἀνάκεινται | advmod | high | Adverb used with a following genitive. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 κατειλεγμένων | det | high | |
| 6 | κατειλεγμένων | καταλέγω | VERB | VPMPGPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 4 ὄπισθεν | nmod | medium | Substantival perfect passive participle, 'those previously listed'; exact lexical parsing is somewhat uncertain. |
| 7 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | P-GNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 συγκατειργάσαντο | nsubj | high | Relative/quantificational pronoun introducing the subject of συγκατειργάσαντο. |
| 8 | συγκατειργάσαντο | συγκατεργάζομαι | VERB | V3AMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 1 ἀνάκεινται | advcl | high | Finite verb in the relative clause. |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Λυσάνδρῳ | det | high | |
| 10 | Λυσάνδρῳ | Λύσανδρος | PROPN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 συγκατειργάσαντο | iobj | high | |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 συγκατειργάσαντο | obj | high | Article substantivizes the following prepositional phrase. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 ποταμοῖς | case | high | |
| 13 | Αἰγὸς | Αἶγος | PROPN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ποταμοῖς | compound | high | Proper-name element in Αἰγὸς ποταμοῖς. |
| 14 | ποταμοῖς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 τὰ | nmod | high | Object of ἐν; the phrase denotes the Aegospotami locality. |
| 15 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 αὐτῶν | cc | high | |
| 16 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 Σπαρτιατῶν | det | medium | Possessive genitive, 'of the Spartans themselves'. |
| 17 | Σπαρτιατῶν | Σπαρτιάτης | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 συγκατειργάσαντο | obl | medium | Elliptical genitive complement in the coordinated phrase. |
| 18 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἀπὸ | cc | high | |
| 19 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 συμμαχησάντων | case | high | |
| 20 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 συμμαχησάντων | det | high | |
| 21 | συμμαχησάντων | συμμαχέω | VERB | VPA-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 Σπαρτιατῶν | nmod | medium | Substantival genitive aorist participle, 'those who fought alongside'; coordinated alternative after ἢ. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀνάκεινται | punct | high |
εἰσὶ δὲ οἵδε· Ἄρακος μὲν καὶ Ἐριάνθης, ὁ μὲν αὐτῶν ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος, ὁ δὲ Ἐριάνθης Βοιώτιος ὑπὲρ τοῦ Μίμαντος,
The sentence is elliptical after εἰσὶ: the names and following article-plus-genitive/ethnic descriptions form an appositional list; ὁ μὲν ... ὁ δὲ ... contrasts the two men.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἵδε | ὅδε | PRON | D-PNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 1 εἰσὶ | nsubj | high | Demonstrative subject: ‘these are’. |
| 4 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | punct | high | |
| 5 | Ἄρακος | Ἄρακος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 εἰσὶ | appos | high | First name in the list. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 5 Ἄρακος | discourse | high | Correlative μέν. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 Ἐριάνθης | cc | high | |
| 8 | Ἐριάνθης | Ἐριάνθης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἄρακος | conj | high | Second coordinated name. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 Ἄρακος | punct | high | |
| 10 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 αὐτῶν | det | high | Article substantivizing αὐτῶν? The phrase is elliptical. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 10 ὁ | discourse | high | Correlative μέν. |
| 12 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 18 Ἐριάνθης | nmod | medium | Genitive plural, ‘of them’; article-plus-genitive is elliptical for one of the named men. |
| 13 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 Λακεδαίμονος | case | high | |
| 14 | Λακεδαίμονος | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Ἐριάνθης | obl | high | Place of origin with ἐκ. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 Ἐριάνθης | punct | high | |
| 16 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Ἐριάνθης | det | high | Article introducing the second elliptical subject. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 Ἐριάνθης | cc | high | Correlative δέ. |
| 18 | Ἐριάνθης | Ἐριάνθης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 εἰσὶ | parataxis | medium | Resumes the second named man in an elliptical clause. |
| 19 | Βοιώτιος | Βοιώτιος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ἐριάνθης | obl | medium | Ethnic adjective, likely predicate/appositive: ‘the Boeotian’. |
| 20 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 Μίμαντος | case | high | |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 Μίμαντος | det | high | |
| 22 | Μίμαντος | Μίμας | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ἐριάνθης | obl | medium | Genitive governed by ὑπέρ; likely geographic reference ‘beyond Mimas’. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 Ἐριάνθης | punct | high |
ἐντεῦθεν μὲν Ἀστυκράτης, Χῖοι δὲ Κηφισοκλῆς καὶ Ἑρμόφαντός τε καὶ Ἱκέσιος,
Elliptical nominative listing: Ἀστυκράτης is coordinated contrastively with the Chian names; the omitted verb is understood from context. ἐντεῦθεν is an adverbial connective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 3 Ἀστυκράτης | advmod | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 Ἀστυκράτης | discourse | high | Correlative contrast with δέ. |
| 3 | Ἀστυκράτης | Ἀστυκράτης | PROPN | NeMS---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | First member of an elliptical nominative list; understood predicate omitted. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 Ἀστυκράτης | punct | high | |
| 5 | Χῖοι | Χῖος | PROPN | NeMP---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Κηφισοκλῆς | nmod | medium | Ethnic/geographical modifier: 'the Chians'; construction is elliptical. |
| 6 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 Κηφισοκλῆς | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν. |
| 7 | Κηφισοκλῆς | Κηφισοκλῆς | PROPN | NeMS---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀστυκράτης | conj | medium | Coordinated nominative name in the elliptical list. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 Ἑρμόφαντός | cc | high | |
| 9 | Ἑρμόφαντός | Ἑρμόφαντος | PROPN | NeMS---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Κηφισοκλῆς | conj | high | Coordinated with Κηφισοκλῆς. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 Ἑρμόφαντός | cc | high | Postpositive coordination particle, paired with καί. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 Ἱκέσιος | cc | high | Part of τε καί coordination. |
| 12 | Ἱκέσιος | Ἱκέσιος | PROPN | NeMS---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Ἑρμόφαντός | conj | high | Coordinated personal name. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 Κηφισοκλῆς | punct | high |
Τίμαρχος δὲ καὶ Διαγόρας Ῥόδιοι, Κνίδιος δὲ Θεόδαμος, ἐκ δὲ Ἐφέσου Κιμμέριος, καὶ Μιλήσιος Αἰαντίδης.
Elliptical nominal list: each personal name is coordinated with an ethnic/geographical identifier; the copular/predicative relation is understood. The final ἐκ phrase modifies Κιμμέριος, while καί coordinates the final Μιλήσιος Αἰαντίδης. Some appositional links are necessarily interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τίμαρχος | Τίμαρχος | PROPN | N--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ῥόδιοι | nsubj | medium | Personal name, subject of an understood copular clause with Ῥόδιοι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 Τίμαρχος | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Διαγόρας | cc | high | Coordinates the first two names. |
| 4 | Διαγόρας | Διαγόρας | PROPN | N--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ῥόδιοι | conj | high | Personal name coordinated with Τίμαρχος. |
| 5 | Ῥόδιοι | Ῥόδιος | ADJ | A--PMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Ethnic adjective functioning predicatively with the two preceding names; elliptical εἰσί. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 Ῥόδιοι | punct | high | |
| 7 | Κνίδιος | Κνίδιος | ADJ | A--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Θεόδαμος | nsubj | medium | Ethnic adjective used substantivally with Θεόδαμος; elliptical copula. |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 Κνίδιος | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 9 | Θεόδαμος | Θεόδαμος | PROPN | N--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ῥόδιοι | parataxis | medium | New elliptical nominal clause in the list. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 Θεόδαμος | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Ἐφέσου | case | high | Introduces place of origin. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 Κιμμέριος | cc | high | Postpositive connective within the coordinated nominal list. |
| 13 | Ἐφέσου | Ἔφεσος | PROPN | N--SFG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 Κιμμέριος | obl | high | Genitive object of ἐκ, expressing origin. |
| 14 | Κιμμέριος | Κιμμέριος | ADJ | A--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Θεόδαμος | parataxis | medium | Ethnic/geographical identifier with an elided personal name or copula; coordinated in the list. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 Κιμμέριος | punct | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 Μιλήσιος | cc | high | Coordinates the final nominal item. |
| 17 | Μιλήσιος | Μιλήσιος | ADJ | A--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Αἰαντίδης | amod | medium | Ethnic adjective modifying the personal name Αἰαντίδης. |
| 18 | Αἰαντίδης | Αἰαντίδης | PROPN | N--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Θεόδαμος | parataxis | medium | Final personal name in the elliptical list. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 Ῥόδιοι | punct | high |