Grammar parses for passage 2.12.1
Open translation for this passage
ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ ξόανον Ἀθηνᾶς ἐστιν ἀρχαῖον, κεραυνωθῆναι δὲ καὶ τοῦτο ἐλέγετο·
The sentence has two coordinated/reporting clauses: an existential statement and a reported infinitival clause; the second is somewhat elliptical in its internal subject structure.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 3 αὐτῷ | case | high | Introduces locative phrase with αὐτῷ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=No | 6 ἐστιν | obl | high | Dative object of ἐν. |
| 4 | ξόανον | ξόανον | NOUN | N--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 5 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N-P-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ξόανον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ξόανον. |
| 6 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SPI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular/existential clause. |
| 7 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ξόανον | amod | high | Predicate adjective modifying ξόανον. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | κεραυνωθῆναι | κεραυνόω | VERB | V-ANP--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 13 ἐλέγετο | xcomp | medium | Infinitival content dependent on ἐλέγετο; subject likely controlled/implicit. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 13 ἐλέγετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 τοῦτο | cc | high | Coordinates τοῦτο with prior infinitival clause. |
| 12 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | P-NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 9 κεραυνωθῆναι | nsubj:pass | medium | Likely implicit subject of the infinitive, though construction is elliptical. |
| 13 | ἐλέγετο | λέγω | VERB | V-3SPI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main reported-speech verb. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐλέγετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἐκ τούτου τοῦ λόφου καταβᾶσιν---ᾠκοδόμηται γὰρ ἐπὶ λόφῳ τὸ ἱερὸν---βωμός ἐστιν ἀνέμων, ἐφʼ οὗ τοῖς ἀνέμοις ὁ ἱερεὺς μιᾷ νυκτὶ ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος θύει.
The clause with ἐκ τούτου τοῦ λόφου καταβᾶσιν and the inserted relative/background material is syntactically elliptical; ἐστιν is the matrix root, while θύει forms the predication of the relative clause after ἐφʼ οὗ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 5 καταβᾶσιν | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 2 | τούτου | οὗτος | DET | Pd-Gen-Neu-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 λόφου | det | high | Modifies λόφου. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Pd-Gen-Masc-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 λόφου | det | high | Article modifying λόφου. |
| 4 | λόφου | λόφος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 καταβᾶσιν | obl | high | Complement of ἐκ. |
| 5 | καταβᾶσιν | καταβαίνω | VERB | V-AAI-PA | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 19 ἐστιν | advcl | medium | Best taken as aorist participle in dative plural, though form is contextually unusual; likely absolute/attendant circumstance. |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 καταβᾶσιν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 καταβᾶσιν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 καταβᾶσιν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 9 | ᾠκοδόμηται | οἰκοδομέω | VERB | V-PerfP-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 18 βωμός | acl | high | Relative/background clause. |
| 10 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G--- | _ | 9 ᾠκοδόμηται | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 12 λόφῳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 12 | λόφῳ | λόφος | NOUN | N-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ᾠκοδόμηται | obl | high | Prepositional complement. |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Pd-Acc-Neu-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 ἱερὸν | det | high | Article modifying ἱερὸν. |
| 14 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ᾠκοδόμηται | nsubj | high | Subject of ᾠκοδόμηται. |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἱερὸν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἱερὸν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἱερὸν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 18 | βωμός | βωμός | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject complement in copular clause. |
| 19 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular predicate. |
| 20 | ἀνέμων | ἄνεμος | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 βωμός | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of βωμός. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐστιν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 22 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 33 θύει | case | high | Preposition governing relative pronoun. |
| 23 | οὗ | ὅς | PRON | Pk-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 33 θύει | obl | high | Relative pronoun; antecedent is likely χρόνου/νυκτός sense implied by temporal clause. |
| 24 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | Pd-Dat-Masc-Pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 25 ἀνέμοις | det | high | Article modifying ἀνέμοις. |
| 25 | ἀνέμοις | ἄνεμος | NOUN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 θύει | obl | high | Dative of recipient/indirect object with θύει. |
| 26 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Pd-Nom-Masc-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 ἱερεὺς | det | high | Article modifying ἱερεὺς. |
| 27 | ἱερεὺς | ἱερεύς | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 θύει | nsubj | high | Subject of θύει. |
| 28 | μιᾷ | εἷς | NUM | Ma-Dat-Fem-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 νυκτὶ | nummod | high | Modifies νυκτί. |
| 29 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 θύει | obl | high | Temporal oblique. |
| 30 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | _ | _ | 32 ἔτος | case | high | Preposition with distributive temporal phrase. |
| 31 | πᾶν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 ἔτος | amod | high | Modifies ἔτος. |
| 32 | ἔτος | ἔτος | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 33 θύει | obl | high | Temporal distributive phrase with ἀνά. |
| 33 | θύει | θύω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 ἐστιν | ccomp | high | Complement clause content after ἐστιν; semantically the main predication in the relative clause. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
δρᾷ δὲ καὶ ἄλλα ἀπόρρητα ἐς βόθρους τέσσαρας, ἡμερούμενος τῶν πνευμάτων τὸ ἄγριον, καὶ δὴ καὶ Μηδείας ὡς λέγουσιν ἐπῳδὰς ἐπᾴδει.
The main syntactic challenge is the participial phrase ἡμερούμενος τῶν πνευμάτων τὸ ἄγριον and the parenthetical ὡς λέγουσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δρᾷ | δράω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 1 δρᾷ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 δρᾷ | cc | high | Coordination particle. |
| 4 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἀπόρρητα | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of ἀπόρρητα. |
| 5 | ἀπόρρητα | ἀπόρρητος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 δρᾷ | obj | high | Direct object of δρᾷ. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 7 βόθρους | case | high | Preposition governing βόθρους. |
| 7 | βόθρους | βόθρος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 δρᾷ | obl | high | Oblique complement of δρᾷ with ἐς. |
| 8 | τέσσαρας | τέσσαρες | NUM | M-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 βόθρους | nummod | high | Numeral modifying βόθρους. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δρᾷ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | ἡμερούμενος | ἡμερόω | VERB | V-PPM-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 δρᾷ | advcl | medium | Participial clause; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 πνευμάτων | det | high | Article modifying πνευμάτων. |
| 12 | πνευμάτων | πνεῦμα | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἡμερούμενος | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἡμερούμενος. |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 ἄγριον | det | high | Article with ἄγριον. |
| 14 | ἄγριον | ἄγριος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 πνευμάτων | obj | medium | Likely substantive ‘the wild [part/nature]’ dependent on πνευμάτων; analysis uncertain. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δρᾷ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 23 ἐπᾴδει | cc | high | Coordinates the final clause. |
| 17 | δὴ | δή | PART | G | _ | 18 καὶ | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 23 ἐπᾴδει | cc | high | Coordinates within the final phrase. |
| 19 | Μηδείας | Μήδεια | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἐπῳδὰς | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἐπῳδάς. |
| 20 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | T | _ | 21 λέγουσιν | mark | high | Introduces reported speech/comparison. |
| 21 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 23 ἐπᾴδει | advcl | high | Parenthetical reported-speech clause. |
| 22 | ἐπῳδὰς | ἐπῳδή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 ἐπᾴδει | obj | high | Direct object of ἐπᾴδει. |
| 23 | ἐπᾴδει | ἐπᾴδω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 δρᾷ | conj | high | Second finite verb coordinated with δρᾷ. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δρᾷ | punct | high | Punctuation. |