Grammar parses for passage 2.8.2
Open translation for this passage
μετὰ Κλέωνα μοναρχήσαντα ἐνέπεσε τῶν ἐν τέλει πολλοῖς ἐπιθυμία τυραννίδος οὕτω δή τι ἀκάθεκτος ὡς καὶ ἄνδρας δύο Εὐθύδημον καὶ Τιμοκλείδαν ὁμοῦ τυραννῆσαι.
The subject of ἐνέπεσε is ἐπιθυμία, with τυραννίδος as its genitive complement; μετὰ + accusative and the participle describe the temporal circumstance. ὡς introduces an exclamatory/result-like infinitival construction, with ἄνδρας δύο as the accusative subject of τυραννῆσαι; ἀκάθεκτος agrees with ἐπιθυμία, while τι is an intensifying indefinite.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 3 μοναρχήσαντα | case | high | Temporal μετά with accusative. |
| 2 | Κλέωνα | Κλέων | PROPN | N--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 μοναρχήσαντα | obl | high | Object of μετά. |
| 3 | μοναρχήσαντα | μοναρχέω | VERB | V--AAPASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἐνέπεσε | advcl | high | Aorist participle in temporal construction. |
| 4 | ἐνέπεσε | ἐμπίπτω | VERB | V--AAI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T--GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 τέλει | det | high | Article with τέλει. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 7 τέλει | case | high | Preposition governing τέλει. |
| 7 | τέλει | τέλος | NOUN | N--DSN-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 πολλοῖς | nmod | medium | ἐν τέλει means persons in office; article and noun form a substantival modifier. |
| 8 | πολλοῖς | πολύς | ADJ | A--DPM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐπιθυμία | iobj | medium | Dative of persons affected/possessors with ἐπιθυμία. |
| 9 | ἐπιθυμία | ἐπιθυμία | NOUN | N--NSF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐνέπεσε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐνέπεσε. |
| 10 | τυραννίδος | τυραννίς | NOUN | N--GSF-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐπιθυμία | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐπιθυμία. |
| 11 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 14 ἀκάθεκτος | advmod | high | Degree adverb modifying ἀκάθεκτος. |
| 12 | δή | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 11 οὕτω | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 13 | τι | τις | PRON | P--NSN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 14 ἀκάθεκτος | advmod | medium | Indefinite τι used adverbially as an intensifier. |
| 14 | ἀκάθεκτος | ἀκαθέκτος | ADJ | A--NSF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐπιθυμία | amod | high | Agrees with ἐπιθυμία. |
| 15 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 τυραννῆσαι | mark | medium | Introduces the following infinitival result/exclamatory construction. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἄνδρας | cc | high | Connective/emphatic καί. |
| 17 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N--APM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 τυραννῆσαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive, analyzed as infinitival object. |
| 18 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 17 ἄνδρας | nummod | high | Cardinal modifying ἄνδρας. |
| 19 | Εὐθύδημον | Εὐθύδημος | PROPN | N--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἄνδρας | appos | high | First appositional name specifying ἄνδρας. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 Τιμοκλείδαν | cc | high | Coordinates the two names. |
| 21 | Τιμοκλείδαν | Τιμοκλείδας | PROPN | N--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Εὐθύδημον | conj | high | Second coordinated appositional name. |
| 22 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 23 τυραννῆσαι | advmod | high | Adverb meaning together. |
| 23 | τυραννῆσαι | τυραννέω | VERB | V--AAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 ἀκάθεκτος | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by the ὡς construction and dependent on the degree adjective. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐνέπεσε | punct | high |
τούτους μὲν οὖν ἐξέβαλεν ὁ δῆμος, Κλεινίαν τὸν πατέρα Ἀράτου προστησάμενος·
The accusative τούτους is the object of ἐξέβαλεν; Κλεινίαν τὸν πατέρα Ἀράτου is a predicative accusative with προστησάμενος, ‘having set up Cleinias, the father of Aratus,’ with the participle agreeing with the implicit subject δῆμος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | RD--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐξέβαλεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | DX | _ | 4 ἐξέβαλεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle; οὖν follows. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | DX | _ | 4 ἐξέβαλεν | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἐξέβαλεν | ἐκβάλλω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 δῆμος | det | high | |
| 6 | δῆμος | δῆμος | NOUN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐξέβαλεν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐξέβαλεν | punct | high | |
| 8 | Κλεινίαν | Κλεινίας | PROPN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 προστησάμενος | obj | high | Predicative accusative in the construction with προστησάμενος. |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 πατέρα | det | high | |
| 10 | πατέρα | πατήρ | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Κλεινίαν | appos | high | |
| 11 | Ἀράτου | Ἄρατος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 πατέρα | nmod | high | |
| 12 | προστησάμενος | προΐστημι | VERB | V-AMP-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 4 ἐξέβαλεν | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle; its nominative subject is coreferential with δῆμος, and it governs the predicative accusative Κλεινίαν. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐξέβαλεν | punct | high |
ἔτεσι δὲ ὕστερον οὐ πολλοῖς ἐτυράννησεν Ἀβαντίδας.
The dative phrase ἔτεσι ... πολλοῖς expresses elapsed time; ὕστερον is an adverbial temporal modifier of the verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔτεσι | ἔτος | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐτυράννησεν | obl | high | Dative of elapsed time. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐτυράννησεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 ἐτυράννησεν | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative, ‘later/afterward’. |
| 4 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | Q|||||||| | Polarity=Neg | 5 πολλοῖς | advmod | high | Negates πολλοῖς. |
| 5 | πολλοῖς | πολύς | ADJ | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἔτεσι | amod | high | Adjective agreeing with ἔτεσι; οὐ πολλοῖς means ‘not many years’. |
| 6 | ἐτυράννησεν | τυραννέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate. |
| 7 | Ἀβαντίδας | Ἀβαντίδας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐτυράννησεν | nsubj | high | Personal name, nominative subject. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐτυράννησεν | punct | high |
Κλεινίᾳ μὲν οὖν συνεβεβήκει πρότερον ἔτι ἡ τελευτή·
Κλεινίᾳ is a dative experiencer/possessor with συνεβεβήκει; ἡ τελευτή is the delayed subject, and πρότερον ἔτι modifies the prior occurrence. The exact force of μὲν οὖν is discourse-connective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλεινίᾳ | Κλεινίας | PROPN | N--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 συνεβεβήκει | iobj | high | Dative personal name, construed as experiencer/possessor with the impersonal verb. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 4 συνεβεβήκει | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | Df | _ | 4 συνεβεβήκει | discourse | high | Inferential discourse particle. |
| 4 | συνεβεβήκει | συμβαίνω | VERB | V3PluPI | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Impersonal pluperfect; analyzed as 3rd singular active, with dative experiencer and nominative event subject. |
| 5 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | Adverb | _ | 4 συνεβεβήκει | advmod | high | Adverbial neuter accusative, ‘earlier/before’. |
| 6 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | Adverb | _ | 5 πρότερον | advmod | high | Adverb modifying πρότερον, ‘still/yet’. |
| 7 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | S--NFN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 τελευτή | det | high | Article agreeing with τελευτή. |
| 8 | τελευτή | τελευτή | NOUN | N--SFN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 συνεβεβήκει | nsubj | medium | Nominative subject, ‘death’; syntactically the event that had occurred. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 συνεβεβήκει | punct | high |
Ἄρατον δὲ Ἀβαντίδας φυγάδα ἐποίησεν, ἢ καὶ αὐτὸς ἀπεχώρησεν Ἄρατος ἐθελοντής.
First clause: Ἄρατον is the accusative object and φυγάδα its predicative complement with ἐποίησεν; Ἀβαντίδας is the subject. Second clause is an alternative, with Ἄρατος as subject and ἐθελοντής as a predicative nominative modifying the subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄρατον | Ἄρατος | PROPN | neut? | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐποίησεν | obj | medium | Proper name in accusative; masculine form is expected despite apparent neuter-looking ending. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 ἐποίησεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀβαντίδας | Ἀβαντίδας | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | φυγάδα | φυγάς | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐποίησεν | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative complement of ἐποίησεν. |
| 5 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 10 ἀπεχώρησεν | cc | high | Introduces the alternative clause. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | ADV | Adv | _ | 9 αὐτὸς | advmod | high | Adverbial intensifier, ‘also/even’. |
| 9 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 10 ἀπεχώρησεν | nsubj | high | Emphatic personal pronoun, subject of ἀπεχώρησεν. |
| 10 | ἀπεχώρησεν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ἐποίησεν | conj | high | Alternative coordinated predicate. |
| 11 | Ἄρατος | Ἄρατος | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐθελοντής | nsubj | medium | Likely nominative subject of the verbless predication Ἄρατος ἐθελοντής; may be appositional/restated subject of the preceding clause. |
| 12 | ἐθελοντής | ἐθελοντής | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀπεχώρησεν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective/noun-like adjective with omitted copula, or loose apposition to Ἄρατος. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀπεχώρησεν | punct | high |