Grammar parses for passage 2.9.7
Open translation for this passage
φοιτώντων γὰρ λύκων σφίσιν ἐπὶ τὰς ποίμνας ὡς μηδένα εἶναι καρπὸν ἔτι ἀπʼ αὐτῶν, ὁ θεὸς τόπον τινὰ εἰπὼν ἔνθα ἔκειτο αὖον ξύλον, τούτου φλοιὸν ἔχρησε τοῦ ξύλου καὶ κρέας ὁμοῦ προθεῖναι τοῖς θηρίοις.
The opening genitive absolute (φοιτώντων ... λύκων) sets the circumstance; ὡς + infinitive gives the resulting/characterizing assertion. ἔχρησε governs the complementary infinitives προθεῖναι, with φλοιόν and κρέας as coordinated objects; τούτου ... τοῦ ξύλου specifies the bark and wood.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φοιτώντων | φοιτάω | VERB | V-PPAP-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 λύκων | acl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 ἔχρησε | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | λύκων | λύκος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἔχρησε | advcl | high | Subject of the genitive absolute with φοιτώντων. |
| 4 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 5 ἐπὶ | obl | medium | Dative referring to the flocks/owners; syntactically associated with ἐπί. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 1 φοιτώντων | obl | high | Preposition governing accusative τὰς ποίμνας. |
| 6 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ποίμνας | det | high | |
| 7 | ποίμνας | ποίμνη | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπὶ | obl | high | |
| 8 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 εἶναι | mark | medium | Introduces an infinitival result/characterization clause. |
| 9 | μηδένα | μηδείς | PRON | P-AIM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of εἶναι. |
| 10 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 φοιτώντων | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on ὡς. |
| 11 | καρπὸν | καρπός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative with εἶναι; understood as ‘yield/benefit’. |
| 12 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 10 εἶναι | advmod | high | |
| 13 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 αὐτῶν | case | high | Elided preposition. |
| 14 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 καρπὸν | nmod | high | Genitive complement of καρπὸν. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἔχρησε | punct | high | |
| 16 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 θεὸς | det | high | |
| 17 | θεὸς | θεός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἔχρησε | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | τόπον | τόπος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 εἰπὼν | obj | high | Object of εἰπών. |
| 19 | τινὰ | τις | DET | X-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 τόπον | det | high | Indefinite determiner. |
| 20 | εἰπὼν | λέγω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 28 ἔχρησε | advcl | high | Conjoined/participial circumstance with θεός as subject. |
| 21 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 22 ἔκειτο | advmod | high | Locative relative adverb. |
| 22 | ἔκειτο | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-IIM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 20 εἰπὼν | ccomp | medium | Clause specifying the place; ξύλον is subject. |
| 23 | αὖον | αὖος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ξύλον | amod | high | Agrees with ξύλον. |
| 24 | ξύλον | ξύλον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἔκειτο | nsubj | high | |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἔχρησε | punct | high | |
| 26 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | P-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 φλοιὸν | nmod | high | Genitive demonstrative modifying φλοιόν. |
| 27 | φλοιὸν | φλοιός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 προθεῖναι | obj | high | First object of προθεῖναι. |
| 28 | ἔχρησε | χράω | VERB | V-IAA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist active; governs complementary infinitive προθεῖναι. |
| 29 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 ξύλου | det | high | |
| 30 | ξύλου | ξύλον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 φλοιὸν | nmod | high | Partitive/material genitive with φλοιόν. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 κρέας | cc | high | |
| 32 | κρέας | κρέας | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 34 προθεῖναι | conj | high | Coordinated second object of προθεῖναι. |
| 33 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | ADV | _ | 34 προθεῖναι | advmod | high | ‘Together/at the same time’. |
| 34 | προθεῖναι | προτίθημι | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 28 ἔχρησε | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive; implied subject is θεός. |
| 35 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 36 θηρίοις | det | high | |
| 36 | θηρίοις | θηρίον | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 34 προθεῖναι | iobj | high | Recipient/goal of προθεῖναι. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἔχρησε | punct | high |
καὶ τοὺς μὲν αὐτίκα ὡς ἐγεύσαντο διέφθειρεν ὁ φλοιός.
The correlative μὲν is left unpaired in this sentence; τοὺς is the fronted accusative object of διέφθειρεν, with ὡς ἐγεύσαντο marking the temporal subordinate clause. αὐτίκα is an adverb modifying διέφθειρεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 διέφθειρεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 διέφθειρεν | obj | high | Substantival article; antecedent understood from context. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 2 τοὺς | discourse | medium | Correlative particle without an overt following δέ in this sentence. |
| 4 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | ADV | _ | 7 διέφθειρεν | advmod | high | |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐγεύσαντο | mark | high | Temporal/subordinating ὡς. |
| 6 | ἐγεύσαντο | γεύω | VERB | V-AIM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 7 διέφθειρεν | advcl | high | Aorist middle, 'when they tasted'; subject is understood as the referent of τοὺς. |
| 7 | διέφθειρεν | διαφθείρω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 φλοιός | det | high | |
| 9 | φλοιός | φλοιός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 διέφθειρεν | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 διέφθειρεν | punct | high |
τὸ ξύλον δὲ ἐκεῖνο ἔκειτο μὲν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τοῦ Λυκίου, ὅ τι δὲ ἦν δένδρον οὐδὲ οἱ τῶν Σικυωνίων ἐξηγηταὶ συνίεσαν.
The clause ὅ τι δὲ ἦν δένδρον is a parenthetical/content-like construction: literally ‘but what it was, a tree,’ with ὅ τι analyzed as a relative/indefinite expression and the whole clause as understood by συνίεσαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art-NSN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ξύλον | det | high | |
| 2 | ξύλον | ξύλον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἔκειτο | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 ἔκειτο | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἐκεῖνο | ἐκεῖνος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ξύλον | amod | high | Demonstrative adjective agreeing with ξύλον. |
| 5 | ἔκειτο | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-IPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect of the deponent/state verb κεῖμαι. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Prt | _ | 5 ἔκειτο | discourse | high | Correlative particle, answered by δέ. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 9 ἱερῷ | case | high | |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Art-DSN | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἱερῷ | det | high | |
| 9 | ἱερῷ | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἔκειτο | obl | high | |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-GSM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Λυκίου | det | high | |
| 11 | Λυκίου | Λύκιος | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἱερῷ | nmod | medium | Name is substantivized/elliptical; likely ‘of the Lycian [Apollo]’. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔκειτο | punct | high | |
| 13 | ὅ | ὅς | PRON | Rel-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Relative pronoun introducing a parenthetical explanatory clause; antecedent is ξύλον. |
| 14 | τι | τις | PART | Prt | _ | 13 ὅ | fixed | medium | Together ὅ τι, an indefinite relative/adverbial expression (‘whatever’); tokenization makes analysis uncertain. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 16 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 23 συνίεσαν | ccomp | medium | Copular clause embedded under συνίεσαν; δένδρον is predicate complement. |
| 17 | δένδρον | δένδρον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative/complement of ἦν. |
| 18 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 23 συνίεσαν | cc | high | Coordinates the negative main clause with the preceding assertion. |
| 19 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-NPM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἐξηγηταὶ | det | high | |
| 20 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 Σικυωνίων | det | high | |
| 21 | Σικυωνίων | Σικυώνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἐξηγηταὶ | nmod | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective: ‘of the Sicyonians’. |
| 22 | ἐξηγηταὶ | ἐξηγητής | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 συνίεσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 23 | συνίεσαν | συνίημι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | conj | medium | Coordinated main predicate; interprets the preceding relative/copular clause as its content. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 συνίεσαν | punct | high |