Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 3.10.3

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Passage 3.10.3

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

98Greek tokens

2,715input tokens

7,106output tokens

Sentence 1

3.10.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 13
Input: 695
Output: 1,059
Total: 1,754

Ἀρχιδάμου δὲ τοῦ Ἀγησιλάου βασιλεύοντος κατέλαβον τὸ ἱερὸν Φωκεῖς τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖς.

The initial genitive absolute (Ἀρχιδάμου τοῦ Ἀγησιλάου βασιλεύοντος) is straightforward; the final phrase τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖς is an attributive locative modifier of ἱερόν, despite the mismatch between article form and dative place-name.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Ἀρχιδάμου	Ἀρχίδαμος	PROPN	N-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 βασιλεύοντος	nsubj	high	Subject of the genitive absolute participle.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	5 βασιλεύοντος	discourse	high	Postpositive connective particle.
3	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 Ἀγησιλάου	det	high	Article modifying Ἀγησιλάου.
4	Ἀγησιλάου	Ἀγησίλαος	PROPN	N-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 βασιλεύοντος	nmod	high	Genitive dependent in the genitive absolute.
5	βασιλεύοντος	βασιλεύω	VERB	V-PAP-SMG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	6 κατέλαβον	advcl	high	Genitive absolute participle modifying the main verb.
6	κατέλαβον	καταλαμβάνω	VERB	V-IAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb.
7	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-S---AN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 ἱερὸν	det	high	Article modifying ἱερὸν.
8	ἱερὸν	ἱερόν	NOUN	N-S---AN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 κατέλαβον	obj	high	Direct object.
9	Φωκεῖς	Φωκεύς	PROPN	N-P---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 κατέλαβον	nsubj	high	Subject of κατέλαβον.
10	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-S---AN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	12 Δελφοῖς	det	medium	Article with embedded prepositional phrase.
11	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R-	_	12 Δελφοῖς	case	high	Preposition governing Δελφοῖς.
12	Δελφοῖς	Δελφοί	PROPN	N-P---MD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 ἱερὸν	nmod	medium	Attributive locative phrase modifying ἱερὸν; article τὸ likely agrees idiomatically but case is dative in form.
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6 κατέλαβον	punct	high	Sentence punctuation.

Sentence 2

3.10.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 52
Input: 1,095
Output: 3,626
Total: 4,721

Θηβαίοις μὲν δὴ πολεμεῖν τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν ἀφίκετο μὲν καὶ ἰδίᾳ συμμαχικὰ ἐπὶ χρήμασιν, ἀπὸ δὲ κοινοῦ λόγου Λακεδαιμόνιοί τε καὶ Ἀθηναῖοί σφισιν ἤμυνον, οἱ μὲν ἀρχαίαν δή τινα ἐκ τῶν Φωκέων μνημονεύοντες εὐεργεσίαν, Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ προφάσει μὲν καὶ οὗτοι φιλίας, κατὰ ἔχθος δὲ ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν τὸ Θηβαίων.

Greek has heavy correlative/discourse structure and some ellipsis; the clause around προφάσει φιλίας and κατὰ ἔχθος δὲ ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν is syntactically compressed, so a few attachments are necessarily interpretive.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Θηβαίοις	Θηβαῖος	ADJ	ADJ	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 πολεμεῖν	obl	high	Dative with πολεμεῖν, functioning as target/beneficiary.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	7 ἀφίκετο	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
3	δὴ	δή	PART	PART	_	7 ἀφίκετο	discourse	high	Enclitic emphatic particle.
4	πολεμεῖν	πολεμέω	VERB	V-PAINF	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	7 ἀφίκετο	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive dependent on ἀφίκετο.
5	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	ATR	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 Φωκεῦσιν	det	high	Article with Φωκεῦσιν.
6	Φωκεῦσιν	Φωκεύς	PROPN	N-P---MD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 πολεμεῖν	obl	high	Dative plural with πολεμεῖν.
7	ἀφίκετο	ἀφικνέομαι	VERB	V-AIM-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of the clause.
8	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	24 ἤμυνον	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
9	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	10 ἰδίᾳ	advmod	medium	Likely adverbial 'also/even' modifying ἰδίᾳ.
10	ἰδίᾳ	ἴδιος	ADJ	ADJ	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 συμμαχικὰ	amod	medium	Adverbial dative 'privately/in a private way'; morphology uncertain.
11	συμμαχικὰ	συμμαχικός	ADJ	ADJ	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	7 ἀφίκετο	advmod	medium	Likely adverbial accusative modifying ἀφίκετο ('as allied terms').
12	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	_	13 χρήμασιν	case	high	Preposition governing dative.
13	χρήμασιν	χρῆμα	NOUN	N-PD---ND-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	7 ἀφίκετο	obl	high	Prepositional phrase modifying ἀφίκετο.
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἀφίκετο	punct	high	Punctuation.
15	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	PREP	_	18 λόγου	case	high	Preposition governing genitive.
16	δὲ	δέ	PART	PART	_	24 ἤμυνον	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
17	κοινοῦ	κοινός	ADJ	ADJ	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 λόγου	amod	high	Modifies λόγου.
18	λόγου	λόγος	NOUN	N-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 ἤμυνον	obl	high	Genitive with ἀπὸ.
19	Λακεδαιμόνιοί	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 ἤμυνον	nsubj	high	First coordinated subject.
20	τε	τε	PART	PART	_	19 Λακεδαιμόνιοί	advmod	medium	Coordination particle.
21	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	22 Ἀθηναῖοί	cc	high	Coordinates the second subject.
22	Ἀθηναῖοί	Ἀθηναῖος	PROPN	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 Λακεδαιμόνιοί	conj	high	Second coordinated subject.
23	σφισιν	σφεῖς	PRON	P-P---MD-	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	24 ἤμυνον	iobj	medium	Dative of advantage/indirect object, referring to the subjects.
24	ἤμυνον	ἀμύνω	VERB	V-IAA-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Second main predicate; likely narrative continuation with omitted coordination to ἀφίκετο.
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	24 ἤμυνον	punct	high	Punctuation.
26	οἱ	ὁ	DET	ATR	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	34 μνημονεύοντες	det	high	Article with implied subject.
27	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	34 μνημονεύοντες	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
28	ἀρχαίαν	ἀρχαῖος	ADJ	ADJ	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	35 εὐεργεσίαν	amod	high	Modifies εὐεργεσίαν.
29	δή	δή	PART	PART	_	30 τινα	discourse	high	Emphatic particle.
30	τινα	τις	PRON	P-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	35 εὐεργεσίαν	det	high	Indefinite modifier of εὐεργεσίαν.
31	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	33 Φωκέων	case	high	Preposition governing genitive.
32	τῶν	ὁ	DET	ATR	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	33 Φωκέων	det	high	Article with Φωκέων.
33	Φωκέων	Φωκεύς	PROPN	N-P---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	35 εὐεργεσίαν	nmod	high	Genitive complement of ἐκ.
34	μνημονεύοντες	μνημονεύω	VERB	V-PAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	37 Λακεδαιμόνιοι	advcl	high	Participial clause modifying Λακεδαιμόνιοι.
35	εὐεργεσίαν	εὐεργεσία	NOUN	N-S---FA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 μνημονεύοντες	obj	high	Object of μνημονεύοντες.
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	34 μνημονεύοντες	punct	high	Punctuation.
37	Λακεδαιμόνιοι	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 ἤμυνον	nsubj	high	Second clause subject, coordinated with implied/previous one.
38	δὲ	δέ	PART	PART	_	37 Λακεδαιμόνιοι	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
39	προφάσει	πρόφασις	NOUN	N-S---FD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	49 δοκεῖν	obl	medium	Dative of cause/means with δοκεῖν.
40	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	49 δοκεῖν	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
41	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	42 οὗτοι	advmod	medium	Likely emphatic 'also' with οὗτοι.
42	οὗτοι	οὗτος	PRON	P-P---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	37 Λακεδαιμόνιοι	appos	medium	Appositive/pronominal reinforcement of Λακεδαιμόνιοι.
43	φιλίας	φιλία	NOUN	N-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	39 προφάσει	nmod	medium	Genitive dependent on προφάσει; syntax somewhat elliptical.
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	37 Λακεδαιμόνιοι	punct	high	Punctuation.
45	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	PREP	_	46 ἔχθος	case	high	Preposition governing accusative.
46	ἔχθος	ἔχθος	NOUN	N-S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	49 δοκεῖν	obl	high	Prepositional complement of δοκεῖν.
47	δὲ	δέ	PART	PART	_	49 δοκεῖν	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
48	ἐμοὶ	ἐγώ	PRON	P-S---MD-	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Person=1	49 δοκεῖν	obl	high	Dative of opinion/experiencer with δοκεῖν.
49	δοκεῖν	δοκέω	VERB	V-PAN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	37 Λακεδαιμόνιοι	advcl	medium	Dependent infinitive, likely parenthetical stance clause.
50	τὸ	ὁ	DET	ATR	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	51 Θηβαίων	det	high	Article with Θηβαίων.
51	Θηβαίων	Θηβαῖος	PROPN	A-P---NG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	46 ἔχθος	nmod	medium	Genitive dependent on ἔχθος; likely 'toward the Thebans'.
52	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	24 ἤμυνον	punct	high	Punctuation.

Sentence 3

3.10.3 sentence 3

Tokens: 33
Input: 925
Output: 2,421
Total: 3,346

Θεόπομπος δὲ ὁ Δαμασιστράτου τόν τε Ἀρχίδαμον μετασχεῖν τῶν χρημάτων αὐτὸν καὶ ἔτι Δεινίχαν τὴν Ἀρχιδάμου γυναῖκα παρὰ τῶν δυναστευόντων ἐν Φωκεῦσιν ἔφη λαμβάνουσαν δωρεὰν ἑτοιμότερον ποιεῖν σφισιν ἐς τὴν συμμαχίαν Ἀρχίδαμον.

The clause is syntactically difficult, especially the sequence around λαμβάνουσαν and the final Ἀρχίδαμον; I treat ἔφη as root with two infinitival complements.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Θεόπομπος	Θεόπομπος	PROPN	_	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	23 ἔφη	nsubj	high	Subject of ἔφη.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	1 Θεόπομπος	discourse	high	Postpositive particle.
3	ὁ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	4 Δαμασιστράτου	det	high	Article with patronymic.
4	Δαμασιστράτου	Δαμασίστρατος	PROPN	_	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	1 Θεόπομπος	nmod	high	Genitive modifier of Θεόπομπος.
5	τόν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	7 Ἀρχίδαμον	det	high	Article with Ἀρχίδαμον.
6	τε	τε	PART	_	_	5 τόν	discourse	high	Enclitic coordinating particle.
7	Ἀρχίδαμον	Ἀρχίδαμος	PROPN	_	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	8 μετασχεῖν	obj	high	Object of μετασχεῖν.
8	μετασχεῖν	μετέχω	VERB	_	Aspect=Aorist\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Active	23 ἔφη	ccomp	high	Infinitival complement of ἔφη.
9	τῶν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Plural	10 χρημάτων	det	high	Article with χρημάτων.
10	χρημάτων	χρῆμα	NOUN	_	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Plural	8 μετασχεῖν	obl	high	Genitive complement of μετασχεῖν.
11	αὐτὸν	αὐτός	PRON	_	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	8 μετασχεῖν	nsubj	medium	Likely subject of infinitive; could be resumptive with Archidamos.
12	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	14 Δεινίχαν	cc	high	Coordinates with προηγούμενον accusative phrase.
13	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	_	_	14 Δεινίχαν	advmod	high	Adverb 'also/besides'.
14	Δεινίχαν	Δεινίχη	PROPN	_	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	27 ποιεῖν	obj	high	Second object of infinitive ποιεῖν.
15	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	17 γυναῖκα	det	high	Article with γυναῖκα.
16	Ἀρχιδάμου	Ἀρχίδαμος	PROPN	_	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	17 γυναῖκα	nmod	high	Genitive modifier of γυναῖκα.
17	γυναῖκα	γυνή	NOUN	_	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	24 λαμβάνουσαν	obj	high	Object of λαμβάνουσαν.
18	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	_	_	20 δυναστευόντων	case	high	Preposition governing genitive.
19	τῶν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	20 δυναστευόντων	det	high	Article with δυναστευόντων.
20	δυναστευόντων	δυναστεύω	VERB	_	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	24 λαμβάνουσαν	obl	high	Participial genitive with παρὰ.
21	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	_	_	22 Φωκεῦσιν	case	high	Preposition.
22	Φωκεῦσιν	Φωκεύς	PROPN	_	Case=Dative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	20 δυναστευόντων	obl	high	Locative complement of participle.
23	ἔφη	φημί	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
24	λαμβάνουσαν	λαμβάνω	VERB	_	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	27 ποιεῖν	advcl	medium	Participial modifier of infinitive; likely agreeing with γυναῖκα.
25	δωρεὰν	δωρεά	NOUN	_	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	24 λαμβάνουσαν	obj	high	Object of λαμβάνουσαν.
26	ἑτοιμότερον	ἑτοίμως	ADV	_	Degree=Cmp	27 ποιεῖν	advmod	high	Comparative adverb modifying ποιεῖν.
27	ποιεῖν	ποιέω	VERB	_	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	23 ἔφη	ccomp	high	Second infinitival complement of ἔφη.
28	σφισιν	σφεῖς	PRON	_	Case=Dative\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plural\|Person=3	27 ποιεῖν	iobj	high	Indirect object of ποιεῖν.
29	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	_	31 συμμαχίαν	case	high	Preposition.
30	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	31 συμμαχίαν	det	high	Article with συμμαχίαν.
31	συμμαχίαν	συμμαχία	NOUN	_	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	27 ποιεῖν	obl	high	Goal/direction of ποιεῖν.
32	Ἀρχίδαμον	Ἀρχίδαμος	PROPN	_	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	27 ποιεῖν	obj	medium	Likely second accusative with ποιεῖν; syntax is difficult and text may be corrupt.
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	23 ἔφη	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

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